Publications:  Prof Kate Spencer

Brooks H, Möller I, Carr S, Chirol C, Christie E, Evans B, Spencer KL, Spencer T et al.(2020). Resistance of salt marsh substrates to near-instantaneous hydrodynamic forcing. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

Carr SJ, Diggens LM, Spencer KL(2020). There is no such thing as ‘undisturbed’ soil and sediment sampling: sampler-induced deformation of salt marsh sediments revealed by 3D X-ray computed tomography. Journal of Soils and Sediments

Jones J, Murphy JF, Arnold A, Pretty J, Spencer K, Markus AA, Vethaak AD (2020). Analysis, Prevalence & Impact of Microplastics in Freshwater and Estuarine Environments Evidence Review 2 What are the sources of the microplastics found in freshwater environments?. Defra (London), report no. WT15112.ER2,

Jones J, Murphy J, Arnold A, Pretty J, Spencer K, Markus AA, Vethaak AD (2020). Evidence Reviews on Analysis, Prevalence & Impact of Microplastics in Freshwater and Estuarine Environments Evidence Review 3 What is/are the impact(s) of microplastics on freshwater and estuarine biota?. Defra (London), report no. WT15112.ER3,

Jones J, Murphy JF, Arnold A, Pretty J, Spencer K, Markus AA, Vethaak AD (2020). Evidence Reviews on Analysis, Prevalence & Impact of Microplastics in Freshwater and Estuarine Environments. Evidence Review 1 Are the current sampling and analytical methods scientifically robust and appropriate?. Defra (Defra, London), report no. WT15112.ER1,

Wheatland JAT, Spencer KL, Droppo IG, Carr SJ, Bushby AJ(2020). Development of novel 2D and 3D correlative microscopy to characterise the composition and multiscale structure of suspended sediment aggregates. Continental Shelf Research Article 104112, 104112-104112.

Brand JH, Spencer KL(2020). Will flooding or erosion of historic landfills result in a significant release of soluble contaminants to the coastal zone?. Science of The Total Environment Article 138150, 138150-138150.

JONES JI, Spencer K, Rainbow PS, Collins AL, Murphy J, Arnold A, Duerdoth CP, Pretty JL et al. (2019). The Ecological Impacts of Contaminated Sediment from Abandoned Metal Mines. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (London, UK), report no. WT0970,

Brand JH, Spencer KL(2019). Potential contamination of the coastal zone by eroding historic landfills. Mar Pollut Bull vol. 146, 282-291.

Dale J, Cundy AB, Spencer KL, Carr SJ, Croudace IW, Burgess HM, Nash DJ(2019). Sediment structure and physicochemical changes following tidal inundation at a large open coast managed realignment site. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT vol. 660, 1419-1432.

Premier V, Machado AADS, Mitchell S, Zarfl C, Spencer K, Toffolon M(2019). A Model-Based Analysis of Metal Fate in the Thames Estuary. ESTUARIES AND COASTS vol. 42, (4) 1185-1201.

JONES JI, MURPHY JF, Collins AL, SPENCER KL, RAINBOW PS, ARNOLD A, PRETTY J, Moorhouse AML et al.(2019). The Impact of Metal-Rich Sediments Derived from Mining on Freshwater Stream Life. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology vol. 247, 1-79.

O'Shea FT, Cundy AB, Spencer KL(2018). The contaminant legacy from historic coastal landfills and their potential as sources of diffuse pollution. Mar Pollut Bull vol. 128, 446-455.

SPENCER KL, O'SHEA F(2017). Unravelling metal mobility under complex contaminant signatures. Science of the Total Environment vol. 622-623, 373-384.

Brand JH, Spencer KL, O'shea FT, Lindsay JE(2017). Potential pollution risks of historic landfills on low-lying coasts and estuaries. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER vol. 5, (1) Article ARTN e1264,

Little S, Spencer KL, Schuttelaars HM, Millward GE, Elliott M(2017). Unbounded boundaries and shifting baselines: Estuaries and coastal seas in a rapidly changing world. ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE vol. 198, 311-319.

Wheatland JAT, Bushby AJ, Spencer KL(2017). Quantifying the Structure and Composition of Flocculated Suspended Particulate Matter Using Focused Ion Beam Nanotomography. Environ Sci Technol vol. 51, (16) 8917-8925.

Spencer KL, Carr SJ, Diggens LM, Tempest JA, Morris MA, Harvey GL(2017). The impact of pre-restoration land-use and disturbance on sediment structure, hydrology and the sediment geochemical environment in restored saltmarshes. Science of the Total Environment vol. 587-588, 47-58.

Jian L, Junyi Y, Jingchun L, Chongling Y, Haoliang L, Spencer KL(2016). The effects of sulfur amendments on the geochemistry of sulfur, phosphorus and iron in the mangrove plant (Kandelia obovata (S. L.)) rhizosphere. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN vol. 114, (2) 733-741.

de Souza Machado AA, Spencer K, Kloas W, Toffolon M, Zarfl C(2016). Metal fate and effects in estuaries: A review and conceptual model for better understanding of toxicity. Science of the Total Environment vol. 541, 268-281.

Tempest JA, Harvey GL, Spencer KL(2015). Modified sediments and subsurface hydrology in natural and recreated salt marshes and implications for delivery of ecosystem services. Hydrological Processes vol. 29, (10) 2346-2357.

Morris MA, Spencer KL, Belyea LR, Branfireun BA(2014). Temporal and spatial distributions of sediment mercury in restored coastal saltmarshes. Marine Chemistry vol. 167, 150-159.

Gibbs HM, Gurnell AM, Heppell CM, Spencer KL(2014). The role of vegetation in the retention of fine sediment and associated metal contaminants in London's rivers. EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS vol. 39, (8) 1115-1127.

Kadiri M, Spencer KL, Heppell CM(2012). Potential contaminant release from agricultural soil and dredged sediment following managed realignment. JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS vol. 12, (10) 1581-1592.

Spencer KL, Harvey GL(2012). Understanding system disturbance and ecosystem services in restored saltmarshes: Integrating physical and biogeochemical processes. ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE vol. 106, 23-32.

Kadiri M, Spencer KL, Heppell CM, Fletcher P(2011). Sediment characteristics of a restored saltmarsh and mudflat in a managed realignment scheme in Southeast England. HYDROBIOLOGIA vol. 672, (1) 79-89.

Spencer KL, Suzuki K, Hillier S(2011). The development of rare earth element-labelled potassium-depleted clays for use as cohesive sediment tracers in aquatic environments. J SOIL SEDIMENT vol. 11, (6) 1052-1061.

Spencer KL, Droppo IG, He C, Grapentine L, Exall K(2011). A novel tracer technique for the assessment of fine sediment dynamics in urban water management systems. WATER RES vol. 45, (8) 2595-2606.

Reid MK, Spencer KL, Shotbolt L(2011). An appraisal of microwave-assisted Tessier and BCR sequential extraction methods for the analysis of metals in sediments and soils. J SOIL SEDIMENT vol. 11, (3) 518-528.

Spencer KL, Manning AJ, Droppo IG, Leppard GG, Benson T(2010). Dynamic interactions between cohesive sediment tracers and natural mud. J SOIL SEDIMENT vol. 10, (7) 1401-1414.

Liu JC, Yan CL, Spencer KL, Zhang RF, Lu HL(2010). The distribution of acid-volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals in sediments from a mangrove forest and adjacent mudflat in Zhangjiang Estuary, China. MAR POLLUT BULL vol. 60, (8) 1209-1216.

Reid MK, Spencer KL(2009). Use of principal components analysis (PCA) on estuarine sediment datasets: The effect of data pre-treatment. ENVIRON POLLUT vol. 157, (8-9) 2275-2281.

Spencer KL, Cundy AB, Davies-Hearn S, Hughes R, Turner S, MacLeod CL(2008). Physicochemical changes in sediments at Orplands Farm, Essex, UK following 8 years of managed realignment. ESTUAR COAST SHELF S vol. 76, (3) 608-619.

Cundy AB, Lafite R, Taylor JA, Hopkinson L, Deloffre J, Charman R, Gilpin M, Spencer KL et al.(2007). Sediment transfer and accumulation in two contrasting salt marsh/mudflat systems: the Seine estuary (France) and the Medway estuary (UK). HYDROBIOLOGIA vol. 588, 125-134.

Spencer KL, Suzuki K, Benson T, Taylor JA, Manning A, Dearnaley M(2007). Sediment dynamics and pollutant mobility in rivers. Sediment dynamics and pollutant mobility in rivers, Editors: Westrich, B, Förstner, U, Springer Verlag (Heidelberg, New York),

SPENCER K, Taylor JA, Kearton-Gee T, James SL(2007). Sorption of lanthanum onto clay minerals: a potential tracer for fine sediment transport in the coastal marine environment?. Geological Society Special Publication vol. 274, 17-24.

Spencer KL, Dewhurst RE, Penna P(2006). Potential impacts of water injection dredging on water qualit and ecotoxicity in Limehouse Basin, River Thames, SE England, UK. CHEMOSPHERE vol. 63, (3) 509-521.

Spencer KL, MacLeod CL, Tuckett A, Johnson SM(2006). Source and distribution of trace metals in the Medway and Swale estuaries, Kent, UK. MAR POLLUT BULL vol. 52, (2) 226-231.

Cundy AB, Hopkinson L, Lafite R, Spencer K, Taylor JA, Ouddane B, Heppell CM, Carey PJ et al.(2005). Heavy metal distribution and accumulation in two Spartina sp.-dominated macrotidal salt marshes from the Seine estuary (France) and the Medway estuary (UK). APPL GEOCHEM vol. 20, (6) 1195-1208.

Spencer KL, Cundy AB, Croudace IW(2003). Heavy metal distribution and early-diagenesis in salt marsh sediments from the Medway Estuary, Kent, UK. ESTUAR COAST SHELF S vol. 57, (1-2) 43-54.

Spencer KL, MacLeod CL (2002). Distribution and partitioning of heavy metals in estuarine sediment cores and implications for the use of sediment quality standards. HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES. vol. 6, 989-998.

Spencer KL(2002). Spatial variability of metals in the inter-tidal sediments of the Medway Estuary, Kent, UK. MAR POLLUT BULL vol. 44, (9) 933-944.

SPENCER K, MacLeod C(2002). Partitioning of heavy metals in estuarine sediment cores and implications for use of sediment quality standards. Hydrology and Earth Systems Science 6. vol. 6, (6) 989-998.