Publications: Prof Gavin Giovannoni

Ammoscato F, Wafa M, Skonieczna J, Bestwick J, Monero R, Andrews M, De Trane S, Holden D et al. ( 2024 ) . Cladribine tablets in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis preferentially target B-cells . Clinical Immunology vol. 269 ,

Foley JF, Defer G, Ryerson LZ, Cohen JA, Arnold DL, Butzkueven H, Cutter GR, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2024 ) . Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Natalizumab 6-Week Dosing vs Continued 4-Week Dosing for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis . Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation vol. 11 , ( 6 )

Derfuss T, Bermel R, Lin C-J, Hauser SL, Kappos L, Vollmer T, Comi G, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2024 ) . Long-term analysis of infections and associated risk factors in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab: pooled analysis of 13 interventional clinical trials . Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders vol. 17 ,

Eyre M, Absoud M, Abdel‐Mannan O, Crichton S, Hacohen Y, Rossor T, Rudebeck S, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2024 ) . Academic outcomes before and after clinical onset of acquired demyelinating syndromes in children: a matched cohort data linkage study . Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh A ( 2024 ) . FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE: A SNAIL IN TREACLE? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 91 ,

Blackstone J, Williams T, Nicholas JM, Bordea E, De Angelis F, Bianchi A, Calvi A, Doshi A et al. ( 2024 ) . Evaluating the effectiveness of simvastatin in slowing the progression of disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-STAT2): protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial in the UK . BMJ Open vol. 14 , ( 9 )

Yeh EA, Levy M, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Giovannoni G ( 2024 ) . The risks and benefits of using AI for diagnosis: beware of unconscious bias . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 90 ,

Levy M, Yeh A, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Giovannoni G ( 2024 ) . Mr. Machiavelli's Choice for Treatment of MOG Antibody Disease: Do the benefits of long-term corticosteroids justify the means? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 89 ,

Scalfari A, Traboulsee A, Oh J, Airas L, Bittner S, Calabrese M, Dominguez JMG, Granziera C et al. ( 2024 ) . Smouldering‐Associated Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis: An International Consensus Statement on Definition, Biology, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions . Annals of Neurology vol. 96 , ( 5 ) 826 - 845 .

Wiendl H, Foley J, Defer G, Zhovtis Ryerson L, Cohen JA, Arnold DL, Butzkueven H, Cutter GR et al. ( 2024 ) . Patient Preference for Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Administration with Every-6-Week Natalizumab (Tysabri®) Dosing: NOVA Phase IIIb Extension Study (Part 2) . Neurology and Therapy vol. 13 , ( 5 ) 1385 - 1401 .

Zaloum SA, Mahesh M, Cetin MA, Ganesh S, Horne R, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2024 ) . Diversity and representation within the literature on sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 89 ,

Lechner-Scott J, Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2024 ) . Depression and anxiety in MS: symptoms or comorbidity? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 88 ,

Thomson A, Horne R, Chapman C, Bharadia T, Burke P, Colwell E, Harrington M, Boskovic B et al. ( 2024 ) . Engaging a community to focus on upper limb function in people with multiple sclerosis: the ThinkHand campaign case study . Research Involvement and Engagement vol. 10 , ( 1 )

Zhang Q, Noyce AJ, Robson J, Giovannoni G, Marshall CR, Dobson R ( 2024 ) . No association between oral contraceptive exposure and subsequent MS: A population-based nested case–control study in primary care . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 30 , ( 9 ) 1221 - 1226 .

Mistry N, Hobart J, Rog D, Muhlert N, Mathews J, Baker D, Giovannoni G ( 2024 ) . Reconciling lesions, relapses and smouldering associated worsening: A unifying model for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA, Pepper G, Schmierer K ( 2024 ) . Can placebo-controlled phase 2 disease-modifying therapy trials in MS still be justified? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 87 ,

Shephard A, Kolaczkowski L, Barker N, Nahal D, Oreja-Guevara C, Reyes S, Gray H, Salloukh H et al. ( 2024 ) . Making Information About Cladribine Tablets Accessible to People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Patient-Survey-Led Narrative Review for Healthcare Professionals . Neurology and Therapy vol. 13 , ( 4 ) 1015 - 1038 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh A ( 2024 ) . Open access publishing and the future of scientific communication . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 86 ,

Hauser S, Kappos L, Filippi M, Wolinsky J, Weber M, Nicholas J, Chognot C, Schneble H-M et al. ( 2024 ) . 10 Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis: Long-term Efficacy and Safety Clinical Trial Data (S31.005) . Neurology vol. 102 , ( 17_supplement_1 )

Vermersch P, Saubadu S, Truffinet P, Arnould B, Hakimi-Hawken N, Minor C, Araujo L, Gourlain S et al. ( 2024 ) . Efficacy of Frexalimab on Physical and Psychological Impacts and Fatigue in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Findings from MSIS-29v2 and PROMIS-Fatigue-MS-8a Assessments in a Phase 2 Trial (P10-6.001) . Neurology vol. 102 , ( 17_supplement_1 )

Ammoscato F, Skonieczna J, Bestwick J, Holden D, Aboulwafa M, Andrews M, Turner B, Marta M et al. ( 2024 ) . Prospective Longitudinal Study of Cladribine Tablets (CLADB Study) Demonstrates Sustained Reduction in Kappa Free Light Chains in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) at 96 Weeks (P10-6.008) . Neurology vol. 102 , ( 17_supplement_1 )

Giovannoni G, Granziera C, Mao-Draayer Y, Cutter G, Kalbus O, Staikov I, Dufek M, Saubadu S et al. ( 2024 ) . Safety and Efficacy of Frexalimab in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: 48-week Results from the Phase 2 Open-label Extension (S31.007) . Neurology vol. 102 , ( 17_supplement_1 )

Schneble H-M, Weber MS, Kappos L, Hauser SL, Nicholas JA, Giovannoni G, Filippi M ( 2024 ) . Impact pour le patient de 10 ans de traitement par ocrelizumab dans la sclérose en plaques : données à long terme des études de phase III OPERA et ORATORIO . Revue Neurologique vol. 180 ,

Wiendl H, Foley J, Defer G, Ryerson LZ, Cohen JA, Arnold D, Butzkueven H, Cutter G et al. ( 2024 ) . Résultats de l’étude d’extension NOVA évaluant la préférence des patients pour l’administration sous-cutanée (SC) versus intraveineuse (IV) de natalizumab (NTZ) avec le schéma Q6W (toutes les 6 semaines) . Revue Neurologique vol. 180 ,

Maltby VE, Scott RJ, Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Levy M, Yeh EA, Lechner-Scott J ( 2024 ) . Where does multiple sclerosis come from? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 85 ,

Giovannoni G ( 2024 ) . Targeting Epstein–Barr virus in multiple sclerosis: when and how? . Current Opinion in Neurology vol. 37 , ( 3 ) 228 - 236 .

Leary S, Brownlee W, Barker N, Chard D, Chataway J, Chung K, Ciccarelli O, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2024 ) . Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases . Neurology , Wiley

Yeh EA, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Sergott RC, Levy M, Lechner-Scott J ( 2024 ) . OCT-Angiography in AQP4-positive NMOSD: finding subclinical disease using a new tool . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 84 ,

Thomson A, Stennett A, Metin C, Bestwick J, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2024 ) . Under & Over: A randomised controlled study to develop an upper limb rehabilitation tool for people with Multiple Sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 85 ,

Vermersch P, Granziera C, Mao-Draayer Y, Cutter G, Kalbus O, Staikov I, Dufek M, Saubadu S et al. ( 2024 ) . Inhibition of CD40L with Frexalimab in Multiple Sclerosis . New England Journal of Medicine vol. 390 , ( 7 ) 589 - 600 .

Brittain G, Petrie J, Duffy KEM, Glover R, Hullock K, Papaioannou D, Roldan E, Beecher C et al. ( 2024 ) . Efficacy and safety of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation versus alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab or cladribine in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (StarMS): protocol for a randomised controlled trial . BMJ Open vol. 14 , ( 2 )

Kalincik T, Malpas C, Penner I-K, Giovannoni G, Chitnis T, Vermersch P, Arnould S, Maca J et al. ( 2022 ) . 2325 Cognitive processing speed predicts disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: post hoc analysis from the EXPAND study . Conference: Abstractsa39.1 - a3a39 .

Giovannoni G, Ford HL, Schmierer K, Middleton R, Stennett AM, Pomeroy I, Fisniku L, Scalfari A et al. ( 2024 ) . MS care: integrating advanced therapies and holistic management . Frontiers in Neurology vol. 14 ,

Jacobs BM, Vickaryous N, Giovannoni G, Proitsi P, Waters S, Dobson R ( 2024 ) . Plasma proteomic profiles of UK Biobank participants with multiple sclerosis . Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology vol. 11 , ( 3 ) 698 - 709 .

Lechner-Scott J, Probst Y, Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2024 ) . What is the role of diet for multiple sclerosis? Why epidemiological studies don't give the full answer . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 83 ,

Drosu N, Bjornevik K, Bilodeau PA, Yeh A, Lechner-Scott J, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Levy M ( 2024 ) . In the era of antiviral trials for MS, the answer lies in the details . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 82 ,

Oh J, Capezzuto L, Kriara L, Schjodt-Eriksen J, van Beek J, Bernasconi C, Montalban X, Butzkueven H et al. ( 2024 ) . Use of smartphone-based remote assessments of multiple sclerosis in Floodlight Open, a global, prospective, open-access study . Scientific Reports vol. 14 , ( 1 )

Dobson R ( 2023 ) . A phase 2 open-label clinical trial to determine the effect of Famciclovir on Epstein-Barr virus activity as measured by EBV shedding in the saliva of patients with Multiple Sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Baker D, Kang AS, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2023 ) . Neutropenia following immune-depletion, notably CD20 targeting, therapies in multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 82 ,

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2023 ) . Emboldened or not: The potential fall-out of a failed anti-EBV trial in multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 81 ,

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Wolinsky J, Arnold DL, Kamudoni P, Meier DP, Thangavelu K, Kinkolykh A et al. ( 2023 ) . Effect of Evobrutinib, a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, on Patient-Reported Vitality and Mental Health in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis in a Phase 2 Trial . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 80 ,

Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Arnould B, Hakimi-Hawken N, Araujo L, Saubadu S, Truffinet P, Gourlain S et al. ( 2023 ) . PCR122 Psychometric Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29 Version 2 in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Patients Participating in a Phase 2 Study of Frexalimab . Value in Health vol. 26 , ( 12 )

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Arnould B, Hakimi-Hawken N, Araujo L, Saubadu S, Truffinet P, Gourlain S et al. ( 2023 ) . PCR66 Psychometric Validation of PROMIS-Fatigue-MS-8a Questionnaire in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Patients Participating in a Phase 2 Study of Frexalimab . Value in Health vol. 26 , ( 12 )

Giovannoni G, Leist T, Jack D, Galazka A, Alexandri N, Nolting A ( 2023 ) . Post-Approval Safety of Cladribine Tablets in the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: 2023 Update . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 80 ,

Giovannoni G ( 2023 ) . What is the role of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection – would a vaccine “end” multiple sclerosis? . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 455 ,

Alghanimy AA, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA, Hawkes CH ( 2023 ) . Is multiple sclerosis a glymphaticopathy? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 80 ,

Allen-Philbey K, De Trane S, MacDougall A, Adams A, Bianchi L, Campion T, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S et al. ( 2023 ) . Disease activity 4.5 years after starting cladribine: experience in 264 patients with multiple sclerosis . Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders vol. 16 ,

Yeh EA, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Lechner-Scott J ( 2023 ) . Can we improve outcomes in MS around the world? Access and global considerations across income strata . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 79 ,

Bernard Healey SA, Giovannoni G, Noyce A, Dobson R, Jacobs BM ( 2023 ) . Impact of multiple sclerosis risk alleles on the plasma proteome . Brain vol. 147 , ( 2 ) e17 - e21 .

Dubuisson N, de Maere d'Aertrijcke O, Marta M, Gnanapavan S, Turner B, Baker D, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2023 ) . Anaesthetic management of people with multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 80 ,

Oreja-Guevara C, Potra S, Bauer B, Centonze D, Giambastiani M-P, Giovannoni G, Kesselring J, Langdon D et al. ( 2023 ) . Summary of Research: Collaboration Between Healthcare Professionals and People with Multiple Sclerosis to Develop Communication Tools to Improve the Standard of Multiple Sclerosis Care . Advances in Therapy vol. 40 , ( 12 ) 5131 - 5136 .

Coles AJ, Achiron A, Traboulsee A, Singer BA, Pozzilli C, Oreja-Guevara C, Giovannoni G, Comi G et al. ( 2023 ) . Safety and efficacy with alemtuzumab over 13 years in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: final results from the open-label TOPAZ study . Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders vol. 16 ,

Wilson D, Chan D, Chang L, Mathis R, Verberk I, Montalban X, Comabella M, Fissolo N et al. ( 2023 ) . Development and multi-center validation of a fully automated digital immunoassay for neurofilament light chain: toward a clinical blood test for neuronal injury . Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine vol. 62 , ( 2 ) 322 - 331 .

Lechner-Scott J, Maltby V, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Yeh A ( 2023 ) . Are we there yet? The holy grail: A biomarker for Multiple Sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 78 ,

Jacobs BM, Tank P, Bestwick JP, Noyce AJ, Marshall CR, Mathur R, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2023 ) . Modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis have consistent directions of effect across diverse ethnic backgrounds: a nested case–control study in an English population-based cohort . Journal of Neurology vol. 271 , ( 1 ) 241 - 253 .

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2023 ) . CNS resilience in the progression of MS . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 77 ,

Giovannoni G, Boyko A, Correale J, Edan G, Freedman MS, Montalban X, Rammohan K, Stefoski D et al. ( 2023 ) . A plain language summary on assessing the long-term effectiveness of cladribine tablets in people living with relapsing multiple sclerosis: The CLASSIC-MS study . Neurodegenerative Disease Management vol. 13 , ( 5 ) 261 - 268 .

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2023 ) . Is it ethical to use teriflunomide as an active comparator in phase 3 trials? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 78 ,

Giovannoni G ( 2023 ) . Quality of life should be the primary outcome for disease-modifying therapy trials in MS: Commentary . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 29 , ( 9 ) 1068 - 1069 .

Gold R, Barnett M, Chan A, Feng H, Fujihara K, Giovannoni G, Montalbán X, Shi F-D et al. ( 2023 ) . Clinical use of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis treatment: an update to include China, using a modified Delphi method . Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders vol. 16 ,

Dobson R ( 2023 ) . Risk of COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis who are seronegative following vaccination . Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Baker D ( 2023 ) . Neuroprotection in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis via Opening of Big Conductance, Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels . Pharmaceuticals vol. 16 , 972 - 972 .

Pryce G, Sisay S, Giovannoni G, Selwood DL, Baker D ( 2023 ) . Neuroprotection in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis via Opening of Big Conductance, Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels . Pharmaceuticals (Basel) . vol. 16 ,

Levy M, Yeh A, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Giovannoni G ( 2023 ) . Is using ChatGPT to help write papers and grants is useful, and ethical? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 76 ,

Greenberg B, Giovannoni G ( 2023 ) . A place for biosimilars in the changing multiple sclerosis treatment landscape . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 77 ,

Jiang X, Shen C, Teunissen CE, Wessels M, Zetterberg H, Giovannoni G, Singh CM, Caba B et al. ( 2023 ) . Glial fibrillary acidic protein and multiple sclerosis progression independent of acute inflammation . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 29 , ( 9 ) 1070 - 1079 .

Simonet C, Mahlknecht P, Marini K, Seppi K, Gill A, Bestwick JP, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2023 ) . The Emergence and Progression of Motor Dysfunction in Individuals at Risk of Parkinson's Disease . Movement Disorders vol. 38 , ( 9 ) 1636 - 1644 .

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2023 ) . Beyond the B-cell as a treatment target in multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 75 ,

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh A ( 2023 ) . Migraine and multiple sclerosis: The final answer? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 74 ,

Kalatskaya I, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Cerra J, Boschert U, Rolfe PA ( 2023 ) . Revealing the immune cell subtype reconstitution profile in patients from the CLARITY study using deconvolution algorithms after cladribine tablets treatment . Scientific Reports vol. 13 , ( 1 )

Jacobs BM, Schalk L, Dunne A, Scalfari A, Nandoskar A, Gran B, Mein CA, Sellers C et al. ( 2023 ) . ADAMS project: a genetic Association study in individuals from Diverse Ancestral backgrounds with Multiple Sclerosis based in the UK . BMJ Open vol. 13 , ( 5 )

Giovannoni G, Alvarez E, Tutton E, Hoffmann O, Xu Y, Vermersch P, Oreja-Guevara C, Trojano M et al. ( 2023 ) . Development and usability testing of your MS questionnaire: A patient-based digital tool to monitor symptoms of multiple sclerosis . Digital Health vol. 9 ,

Yeh EA, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Lechner-Scott J ( 2023 ) . Equity, diversity and inclusion in academic publishing: Can we move the needle? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 73 ,

Weber M, Kappos L, Hauser S, Schneble H-M, Wang Q, Giovannoni G ( 2023 ) . Delayed Signs of Early Disability Progression After 8.5 Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (S46.003) . Neurology . vol. 100 ,

Bagnato F, Scalfari A, Oh J, Airas L, Bittner S, Calabrese M, Dominguez JMG, Granziera C et al. ( 2023 ) . International Consensus on Smoldering Disease in Multiple Sclerosis using the Delphi Method (P11-3.013) . Neurology . vol. 100 ,

Leist T, Giovannoni G, Jack D, Galazka A, Nolting A ( 2023 ) . Updated Post-Approval Safety of Cladribine Tablets in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, With Particular Reference to Liver Safety (P7-3.010) . Neurology . vol. 100 ,

Giovannoni G, Boyko A, Correale J, Edan G, Freedman MS, Montalban X, Rammohan K, Stefoski D et al. ( 2023 ) . Long-term follow-up of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis from the CLARITY/CLARITY Extension cohort of CLASSIC-MS: An ambispective study . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 29 , ( 6 ) 719 - 730 .

Arnold D, Foley J, Defer G, Zhovtis RL, Cohen JA, Butzkueven H, Cutter G, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2023 ) . Critères d’évaluation exploratoires à l’IRM de l’étude NOVA : étude randomisée et contrôlée de l’efficacité de l’administration de natalizumab toutes les 6 semaines (Q6W) vs la poursuite d’une administration toutes les 4 semaines (Q4W) dans la SEP . Revue Neurologique vol. 179 , s145 - s146 .

Lechner-Scott J, Agland S, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2023 ) . Inequality in accessing healthcare for people with MS . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 72 ,

Levy M, Molazadeh N, Bilodeau PA, Vishnevetsky A, Lotan I, Salky R, Anderson M, Romanow G et al. ( 2023 ) . Multiple types of relapses in MOG antibody disease . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 72 ,

Oreja-Guevara C, Brownlee W, Celius EG, Centonze D, Giovannoni G, Hodgkinson S, Kleinschnitz C, Havrdova EK et al. ( 2023 ) . Expert Opinion on Long-Term Use of Cladribine Tablets for Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Literature Review of Real-World Evidence . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 71 ,

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2023 ) . Are we ready for CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapies in MS? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 70 ,

Dobson R, Jacobs B, Marshall C ( 2023 ) . Polygenic risk score prediction of Multiple Sclerosis in individuals of South Asian ancestry . Brain Communications

Hiyoshi A, Hawkes CH, Neffendorf JE, Olsson T, Giovannoni G, Montgomery S ( 2023 ) . Myopia in late adolescence and subsequent multiple sclerosis among men . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 71 ,

Ryerson LZ, Foley JF, Defer G, Cohen JA, Arnold DL, Butzkueven H, Cutter G, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2023 ) . Exploratory clinical efficacy and patient-reported outcomes from NOVA: A randomized controlled study of intravenous natalizumab 6-week dosing versus continued 4-week dosing for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 72 ,

Aloisi F, Giovannoni G, Salvetti M ( 2023 ) . Epstein-Barr virus as a cause of multiple sclerosis: opportunities for prevention and therapy . The Lancet Neurology vol. 22 , ( 4 ) 338 - 349 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh A ( 2023 ) . Cancer risk and mortality in multiple sclerosis: The need for vigilance . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 69 ,

Barnett M, Chan A, Feng H, Fujihara K, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Montalban X, Shi F-D et al. ( 2023 ) . An Update on the Clinical use of Dimethyl Fumarate, Including as a Recently Licensed Therapy in China, Using a Modified Delphi Method: Interim Results . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 29 , NP23 - NP24 .

Dreyer-Alster S, Achiron A, Giovannoni G, Jacobs BM, Dobson R ( 2022 ) . No evidence for an association between alcohol consumption and Multiple Sclerosis risk: a UK Biobank study . Scientific Reports vol. 12 , ( 1 )

Oreja-Guevara C, Brownlee W, Celius EG, Centonze D, Giovannoni G, Hodgkinson S, Kleinschnitz C, Havrdova EK et al. ( 2022 ) . Expert opinion on the long-term use of cladribine tablets for multiple sclerosis: Systematic literature review of real-world evidence . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 69 ,

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2022 ) . What are T-cells telling us about how EBV causes MS? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 68 ,

Baker D, Forte E, Pryce G, Kang AS, James LK, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2022 ) . The impact of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 69 ,

Dobson R ( 2022 ) . Social determinants of health and their impact in multiple sclerosis . Nature Reviews Neurology

Gold J, Holden D, Parratt J, Yiannikas C, Ahmad R, Sedhom M, Giovannoni G ( 2022 ) . Effect of teriflunomide on Epstein–Barr virus shedding in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: Outcomes from a real-world pilot cohort study . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 68 ,

Rieckmann P, Centonze D, Giovannoni G, Hua LH, Oreja-Guevara C, Selchen D, Sørensen PS, Vermersch P et al. ( 2022 ) . Expert opinion on COVID-19 vaccines and cladribine tablets in MS: A plain language summary . Neurodegenerative Disease Management vol. 13 , ( 1 ) 5 - 13 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh A ( 2022 ) . The biological rabbit hole: Only for the blind . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 67 ,

Giovannoni G ( 2022 ) . Response: Treatment of multiple sclerosis as a single disease based on the body-pathology-environment model . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 68 ,

Brittain G, Coles AJ, Giovannoni G, Muraro PA, Palace J, Petrie J, Roldan E, Scolding NJ et al. ( 2022 ) . Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for immune-mediated neurological diseases: what, how, who and why? . Practical Neurology vol. 23 , ( 2 )

Yeh EA, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Lechner-Scott J ( 2022 ) . Linking X to MS: Immunity and demyelination on the X-chromosome in MS . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 66 ,

Chang I, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Calabresi PA, Sandrock A, Cheng W, Xiao S, Riester K et al. ( 2022 ) . Overall Disability Response Score: An integrated endpoint to assess disability improvement and worsening over time in patients with multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 28 , ( 14 ) 2263 - 2273 .

Jacobs BM, Peter M, Giovannoni G, Noyce AJ, Morris HR, Dobson R ( 2022 ) . Towards a global view of multiple sclerosis genetics . Nature Reviews Neurology vol. 18 , ( 10 ) 613 - 623 .

Giovannoni G, Vanderdonckt P, Hartung H-P, Lassmann H, Comi G ( 2022 ) . EBV and multiple sclerosis: Setting the research agenda . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 67 ,

Mrabet S, Wafa M, Giovannoni G ( 2022 ) . Multiple sclerosis and migraine: Links, management and implications . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 68 ,

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Dangond F, Jack D, Vermersch P ( 2022 ) . Disease stability over five years in people with multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets: a plain language summary . Neurodegenerative Disease Management vol. 12 , ( 6 ) 295 - 301 .

Stefano ND, Sormani MP, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Leist TP, Coyle PK, Dangond F, Alexandri N et al. ( 2022 ) . Relapses in people with multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets followed for up to 5 years: a plain language summary . Neurodegenerative Disease Management vol. 12 , ( 6 ) 303 - 310 .

Rees R, Philpot C, Gane S, McLelland L, Gill A, Giovannoni G, Simonet C-T, Lees A et al. ( 2022 ) . 096 Motor and non-motor features of prodromal Parkinson’s in idiopathic anosmia . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 93 ,

Rees R, Simonet C, Gill A, Giovannoni G, Lees A, Bestwick J, Noyce AJ, Schrag A ( 2022 ) . 097 Transcranial sonography in the prodromal phase of PD . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 93 ,

Rees R, Simonet C, Gill A, Giovannoni G, Bestwick J, Lees A, Noyce A, Schrag A ( 2022 ) . 101 Motor and non-motor features of prodromal PD . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 93 ,

Jacobs B, Giovannoni G, Noyce A, Morris H, Dobson R ( 2022 ) . 121 The ADAMS project: protocol and baseline results . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 93 ,

Foley J, Defer G, Ryerson LZ, Cohen J, Arnold D, Butzkueven H, Cutter G, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2022 ) . 136 NOVA primary results randomised controlled study of natalizumab Q6W versus continued Q4W treatment for MS . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 93 ,

Penner I-K, Giovannoni G, Chitnis T, Vermesch P, Arnould S, DeLasHeras V, Karlsson G, Piani-Meier D et al. ( 2022 ) . 141 Cognitive processing speed predicts disease progression in SPMS: post hoc analysis from the EXPAND study . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 93 ,

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Hobart J, Butzkueven H, Haartsen J, Ziemssen T, Lane T, Giovannoni G ( 2022 ) . Timely intervention, monitoring and education MATTERS in MS (TIME MATTERS in MS): Development of a globally applicable quality improvement tool . Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical . vol. 8 ,

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Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2022 ) . Multiple sclerosis is one disease . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 63 ,

Adams A, Tilden W, Bestwick J, Holden D, Bianchi L, Smets I, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S ( 2022 ) . The relationship of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament levels with magnetic resonance imaging lesion location and disease activity in multiple sclerosis . European Journal of Neurology vol. 29 , ( 9 ) 2754 - 2760 .

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Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Rammohan K, Cook S, Keller B, Roy S ( 2022 ) . 015  Reduced risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis by treatment with clad- ribine tablets: CLARITY study analysis . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a18.2 - a1a18 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P, Dangond F-N, Keller B, Jack D ( 2022 ) . 016  Long-term disease stability in patients treated with cladribine tablets in CLARITY and CLARITY extension . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a18.3 - a1a18 .

Calabresi PA, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Plavina T, Koulinska I, Edwards MR, Kieseier B, Moor CD et al. ( 2022 ) . 018  Disease control beyond NEDA: the value of non-clinical measures to determine treatment response to natalizumab . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a19.1 - a1a19 .

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Seze JD, Hauser SL, Overell J, Koendgen H, Prajapati K, Manfrini M et al. ( 2022 ) . 020  Long-term efficacy of ocrelizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis: 6 study years . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a19.3 - a1a20 .

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Comi G, Syed S, Nolting A, Damian D, Schick R et al. ( 2022 ) . 022  Updated safety of cladribine tablets in multiple sclerosis patients: integrated safety analysis and post-approval data . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a20.2 - a2a20 .

Jacobs B, Noyce A, Bestwick J, Belete D, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2022 ) . 026  Gene-environment interactions in multiple sclerosis: a UK Biobank study . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a21.3 - a2a22 .

Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Fox RJ, Rouyrre N, Karlsson G et al. ( 2022 ) . 043  Efficacy of siponimod in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis with active disease: EXPAND study subgroup analysis . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a27.1 - a2a27 .

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Christmas T, Singh N, Reyes S, Allen-Philbey K, Giovannoni G ( 2022 ) . 048  Postprandial somnolence in people with multiple sclerosis . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a28.2 - a2a28 .

Anderson V, Bentley E, Loveless S, Bianchi L, Harding KE, Thomas RW, Giovannoni G, Robertson NP et al. ( 2022 ) . 058  Serum neurofilament-light concentration and real-world outcome in MS . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a30.3 - a3a31 .

Kuri A, Jacobs BM, Leddy S, Schmierer K, Turner B, Allen-Philbey K, Stennett A, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2022 ) . 091  Evaluation of remote assessments for multiple sclerosis in a real-world setting . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a129.1 - a1a129 .

Penner K, Giovannoni G, Cree B, Fox R, Bar-ors A, Gold R, Vermesch P, Piani-Meier D et al. ( 2022 ) . 114  Effect of siponimod on cognitive processing speed in SPMS patients with active and non-active disease . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a136.3 - a1a136 .

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Giovannoni G, Hobart J, Mazibrada G, Bateman K, Marta M ( 2022 ) . 125  Towards an optimal multiple sclerosis patient case-load for a full-time MSologist . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a140.1 - a1a140 .

Adegboyega G, Lobo R, Alsousa I, Salman R, Lobo S, Uppal E, Ali S, Schmierer K et al. ( 2022 ) . 170  Did the atraumatic lumbar puncture needle campaign have any effect? . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a62.1 - a6a62 .

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Taylor T, Jacobs B, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2022 ) . 211  The prevalence and characteristics of multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis in UK biobank . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a74.2 - a7a74 .

Li H, Ismail A, Azevedo H, Castrejon-Pita R, Giovannoni G, Noyce A ( 2022 ) . 229  Developing novel smell test for Parkinson’s disease using microencapsulation of essential oils in alginate . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a79.3 - a7a79 .

Belete D, Jacobs BM, Bestwick JP, Dobson R, Hardy J, Giovannoni G, Lees A, Schrag A et al. ( 2022 ) . Parkinson’s disease determinants, prediction and gene-environment interac- tions: a UK Biobank study . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 93 , ( 6 ) a7.3 - a7a8 .

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Heesen C, Magyari M, Stellmann JP, Lederer C, Giovannoni G, Scalfari A, Daumer M ( 2022 ) . The Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research (SLCMSR)––Critical review facing the 20 anniversary . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 63 ,

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Penner I-K, Giovannoni G, Chitnis T, Vermersch P, Arnould S, Maca J, DeLasHeras V, Karlsson G et al. ( 2022 ) . Cognitive Processing Speed Predicts Disease Progression in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Post Hoc Analysis from the EXPAND Study (P5-4.006) . Neurology vol. 98 , ( 18_supplement )

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Ziemssen T, Giovannoni G, Alvarez E, Bhan V, Hersh C, Hoffmann O, Oreja-Guevara C, Robles-Cedeño RR et al. ( 2021 ) . Multiple Sclerosis Progression Discussion Tool Usability and Usefulness in Clinical Practice: Cross-sectional, Web-Based Survey . Journal of Medical Internet Research vol. 23 , ( 10 )

Marta M, Baker D, Creeke P, Pryce G, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G ( 2021 ) . Antigen-specific tolerization in human autoimmunity: Inhibition of interferon-beta1a anti-drug antibodies in multiple sclerosis: A case report . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 56 ,

Bestwick J, Auger S, Schrag A, Grosset DG, Kanavou S, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Cuzick J et al. ( 2021 ) . Optimising classification of Parkinson’s disease based on motor, olfactory, neuropsychiatric and sleep features . npj Parkinson's Disease

Hone L, Jacobs BM, Marshall C, Giovannoni G, Noyce A, Dobson R ( 2021 ) . Age-specific effects of childhood Body Mass Index on multiple sclerosis risk .

Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Hawkes C, Yeh A, Giovannoni G ( 2021 ) . Long COVID or post COVID-19 syndrome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 55 ,

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA ( 2021 ) . How not to get your article published . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 54 ,

Smets I, Aboulwafa M, Mah H, Giovannoni G ( 2021 ) . Missed MS or MIMS not prodromal MS: Expanding the diagnostic MS spectrum . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 55 ,

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Dangond F, Keller B, Jack D, Vermersch P ( 2021 ) . Long-Term Disease Stability Assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale in Patients Treated with Cladribine Tablets 3.5 mg/kg for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: An Exploratory Post Hoc Analysis of the CLARITY and CLARITY Extension Studies . Advances in Therapy vol. 38 , ( 9 ) 4975 - 4985 .

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Yeh EA, Baker D ( 2021 ) . COVID-19 vaccines and multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 53 ,

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Kuri A, Jacobs BM, Leddy S, Schmierer K, Turner B, Allen-Philbey K, Stennett A, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2021 ) . Evaluation of remote assessments for multiple sclerosis in an in-home setting . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 54 ,

Grisold W, Moro E, Ferretti MT, Aamodt AH, Arabia G, Lebedeva ER, Carvalho V, Rakusa M et al. ( 2021 ) . Gender issues during the times of COVID‐19 pandemic . European Journal of Neurology vol. 28 , ( 10 ) e73 - e77 .

Drosu N, Giovannoni G, Pohl D, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M ( 2021 ) . Probing the association between Multiple Sclerosis and Epstein Barr Virus from a therapeutic perspective . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 52 ,

Reyes S, Cunningham AL, Kalincik T, Havrdová EK, Isobe N, Pakpoor J, Airas L, Bunyan RF et al. ( 2021 ) . Update on the management of multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic and post pandemic: An international consensus statement . Journal of Neuroimmunology vol. 357 ,

Baker D, Hadjicharalambous C, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G ( 2021 ) . Can rheumatologists stop causing demyelinating disease? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 53 ,

Jacobs BM, Noyce AJ, Bestwick J, Belete D, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2021 ) . Gene-Environment Interactions in Multiple Sclerosis: A UK Biobank Study . Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation vol. 8 , ( 4 )

Petzold A, Albrecht P, Balcer L, Bekkers E, Brandt AU, Calabresi PA, Deborah OG, Graves JS et al. ( 2021 ) . Artificial intelligence extension of the OSCAR‐IB criteria . Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology vol. 8 , ( 7 ) 1528 - 1542 .

Hawkes CH, Baker MD, Pohl D, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Giovannoni G ( 2021 ) . Melatonin and multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 51 ,

Dobson R, ALLEN-PHILBEY K, Giovannoni G, Baker D, Schmierer K ( 2021 ) . Experience with the COVID-19 AstraZeneca vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

De Stefano N, Sormani MP, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Leist T, Coyle PK, Dangond F, Keller B et al. ( 2021 ) . Analysis of frequency and severity of relapses in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets or placebo: The CLARITY and CLARITY Extension studies . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 28 , ( 1 ) 111 - 120 .

Butzkueven H, Spelman T, Horakova D, Hughes S, Solaro C, Izquierdo G, Havrdová EK, Grand'Maison F et al. ( 2021 ) . Risk of requiring a wheelchair in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Data from the ORATORIO trial and the MSBase registry . European Journal of Neurology vol. 29 , ( 4 ) 1082 - 1090 .

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, de Seze J, Hauser SL, Overell J, Koendgen H, Manfrini M, Wang Q et al. ( 2021 ) . Risk of requiring a walking aid after 6.5 years of ocrelizumab treatment in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: Data from the OPERA I and OPERA II trials . European Journal of Neurology vol. 29 , ( 4 ) 1238 - 1242 .

Schmierer K, Giovannoni G ( 2021 ) . MS can be considered a primary progressive disease in all cases, but some patients have superimposed relapses – Commentary . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 27 , ( 7 ) 1006 - 1007 .

Kappos L, Cree BAC, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Vermersch P, Fox RJ, Benedict R, Arnould S et al. ( 2021 ) . A Functional Composite Endpoint to Characterize Disease Progression in Patients with Active or Non-active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (4458) . Neurology vol. 96 , ( 15_supplement )

Giovannoni G, Aydemir A, Di Cantogno EV, Leist T ( 2021 ) . CLASSIC-MS: Long-term Efficacy and Real-World Treatment Patterns for Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis who Received Cladribine Tablets in Phase III Parent Trials (1919) . Neurology vol. 96 , ( 15_supplement )

Giovannoni G, Boster AL, Berkovich R, Selmaj KW, Chung L, Shiota D, Afsar S ( 2021 ) . Cases of COVID-19 in Alemtuzumab-Treated Patients With MS: Pharmacovigilance Report (2059) . Neurology vol. 96 , ( 15_supplement )

Allen-Philbey K, De Trane S, Stennett A, Yildiz O, Adams A, Turner B, Marta M, Gnanapavan S et al. ( 2021 ) . Cladribine personalised dosing for active multiple sclerosis: BartsMS cohort follow-up (2528) . Neurology vol. 96 , ( 15_supplement )

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Fox RJ, Kappos L, Cree BAC, Giovannoni G, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Vermersch P, Dahlke F et al. ( 2021 ) . Gray Matter Volume and Myelination Assessed by Magnetization Transfer Ratio Predict Disease Progression in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Exploratory Analyses from the EXPAND Study (2054) . Neurology vol. 96 , ( 15_supplement )

Arnold DL, Kappos L, Vermersch P, Gold R, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Cree BAC, Meier DP et al. ( 2021 ) . Long-term Effect of Siponimod on MRI Outcomes in SPMS: Analyses from the EXPAND Study up to 5 Years (2217) . Neurology vol. 96 , ( 15_supplement )

Oh J, Cohen S, Isenberg D, Maurer M, Galanter J, Chu T, Teterina A, Goodyear A et al. ( 2021 ) . The Safety of Fenebrutinib in a Large Population of Patients With Diverse Autoimmune Indications Supports Investigation in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (4564) . Neurology vol. 96 , ( 15_supplement )

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Bestwick JP, Auger SD, Simonet C, Rees RN, Rack D, Jitlal M, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ et al. ( 2021 ) . Improving estimation of Parkinson’s disease risk—the enhanced PREDICT-PD algorithm . npj Parkinson's Disease vol. 7 , ( 1 )

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, De Sèze J, Hauser SL, Köndgen H, Schneble H-M, Wolinsky JS ( 2021 ) . Réduction à long terme du taux de poussées et de progression du handicap confirmée à 48 semaines (CDP48) après 6,5 ans de traitement par ocrelizumab (OCR) chez des patients atteints de sclérose en plaques récurrente (SEP-R) . Revue Neurologique vol. 177 , s104 - s105 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips T, Bar-Or A, Fox RJ, Mokliatchouk O, Parks B, Lyons J et al. ( 2021 ) . Sécurité et efficacité chez les patients traités par le diméthyl fumarate et suivis pendant 13 ans : résultats finaux d’ENDORSE . Revue Neurologique vol. 177 ,

Groen K, Lechner-Scott J, Pohl D, Levy M, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C ( 2021 ) . Can serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) solve the longstanding problem of diagnosis and monitoring progressive multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 50 ,

Simmons SB, Schippling S, Giovannoni G, Ontaneda D ( 2021 ) . Predicting disability worsening in relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis . Current Opinion in Neurology vol. 34 , ( 3 ) 312 - 321 .

Vishnevetsky A, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Giovannoni G, Levy M, Pohl D ( 2021 ) . B cell therapy and the use of RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 49 ,

Smets I, Marino S, Giovannoni G ( 2021 ) . Amyloidoma mimicking multiple sclerosis . Practical Neurology vol. 21 , ( 4 ) 344 - 345 .

Smets I, Reyes S, Baker D, Giovannoni G ( 2021 ) . Blunted vaccines responses after ocrelizumab highlight need for immunizations prior to treatment . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 50 ,

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Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Pohl D ( 2021 ) . Air pollution and multiple sclerosis risk . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 48 ,

Kappos L, Cree B, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Vermersch P, Fox R, Benedict R, Arnould S et al. ( 2021 ) . A Functional Composite Endpoint to Characterize Disease Progression in Patients with Active or Non-active SPMS . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 28 , 174 - 175 .

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Stennett A, Allen-Philbey K, Begum T, Johnson A, Dobson R, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S, Marta M et al. ( 2021 ) . An evaluation of remote monitoring in people with MS during the COVID-19 pandemic . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 27 , 268 - 269 .

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Calabresi PA, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Naismith RT, Fox R, Sormani M-P, Arnold DL, Valis M et al. ( 2021 ) . Efficacy and safety of opicinumab in participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 2 trial (AFFINITY Part 1) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 27 , 90 - 91 .

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Giovannoni G, Houchen E, Sobisek L, Karu H, Ryan S, Jones E, Castro PD, Bezlyak V et al. ( 2021 ) . MRI activity versus relapses as markers of disease activity in SPMS: Data from real world and pivotal clinical studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 27 , 134 - 134 .

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Foley J, Defer G, Ryerson LZ, Cohen JA, Arnold DL, Butzkueven H, Cutter G, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2021 ) . Primary results of NOVA: a randomized controlled study of the efficacy of 6-week dosing of natalizumab versus continued 4-week treatment for multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 27 , 789 - 790 .

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Vermersch P, Gold R, Bar-Or A, Cree BA, Fox RJ, Giovannoni G, Li B, Maca J et al. ( 2021 ) . Siponimod preserves retinal thickness, a marker of neurodegeneration, in patients with SPMS: Findings from the EXPAND OCT substudy . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 27 , 488 - 489 .

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Hobart J, Butzkueven H, Haartsen J, Ziemssen T, Lane T, Giovannoni G ( 2021 ) . Timely Intervention, Monitoring and Education MATTERS in MS (TIME MATTERS in MS): global applicability of the MS Brain Health quality improvement tool . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 27 , 270 - 270 .

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Jacobs BM, Smets I, Giovannoni G, Noyce A, Jokubaitis V, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . Regarding: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α7 and α9 modify tobacco smoke risk for multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 27 , ( 8 ) 1311 - 1312 .

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Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Rammohan K, Cook S, Keller B, Roy S ( 2020 ) . Réduction du risque de progression en sclérose en plaques secondairement progressive au cours des deux années de traitement par cladribine voie orale : analyse de l’étude CLARITY . Revue Neurologique vol. 176 , s78 - s79 .

De Sèze J, Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Hauser SL, Köndgen H, Prajapati K, Wolinsky JS ( 2020 ) . Réduction à long-terme du taux de poussées et de progression du handicap après 6 ans de traitement par ocrelizumab (OCR) chez des patients atteints de sclérose en plaques récurrente (SEP-R) . Revue Neurologique vol. 176 , s83 - s84 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips T, Bar-Or A, Fox RJ, Chen C, Miller C, Branco F ( 2020 ) . Sécurité d’emploi et efficacité globales après 10 ans de traitement par diméthyl fumarate à libération prolongée chez des patients atteints de sclérose en plaques rémittente-récurrente . Revue Neurologique vol. 176 , s126 - s127 .

Smets I, Reyes S, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Distinguishing physiological versus pathological serum NfL levels in multiple sclerosis will require serial measurements . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 46 ,

Dobson R, Giovannoni G, Cuzick J ( 2020 ) . Estimated and projected burden of multiple sclerosis attributable to smoking and childhood and adolescent high body-mass index: a comparative risk assessment . International Journal of Epidemiology

Levy M, Lechner-Scott J, Hawkes C, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . “Rocking the boat” with a new drug for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 44 ,

Schmierer K, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G, Ammoscato F, Holden D, Carrillo-Loza K, Christmas T, Bianchi L et al. ( 2020 ) . CSF neurofilament light chain testing as an aid to determine treatment strategies in MS . Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation vol. 7 , ( 6 )

Reyes S, Smets I, Holden D, Carrillo-Loza K, Christmas T, Bianchi L, Ammoscato F, Turner B et al. ( 2020 ) . CSF neurofilament light chain testing as an aid to determine treatment strategies in MS . Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation vol. 7 , ( 6 )

Jacobs B, Taylor T, Awad A, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Noyce A, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . Summary-data-based mendelian randomisation prioritises potential druggable targets for Multiple Sclerosis . Brain Communications

Anderson V, Bentley E, Loveless S, Bianchi L, Harding KE, Wynford-Thomas RA, Joseph F, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2020 ) . Serum neurofilament-light concentration and real-world outcome in MS . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 417 ,

Baker D, Roberts CAK, Pryce G, Kang AS, Marta M, Reyes S, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2020 ) . COVID-19 vaccine-readiness for anti-CD20-depleting therapy in autoimmune diseases . Clinical and Experimental Immunology vol. 202 , ( 2 ) 149 - 161 .

Giovannoni G, Knappertz V, Steinerman JR, Tansy AP, Li T, Krieger S, Uccelli A, Uitdehaag BMJ et al. ( 2020 ) . A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of laquinimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis . Neurology

Chitnis T, Banwell B, Krupp L, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Brück W, Giovannoni G, Greenberg B et al. ( 2020 ) . Temporal profile of lymphocyte counts and relationship with infections with fingolimod therapy in paediatric patients with multiple sclerosis: Results from the PARADIGMS study . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 27 , ( 6 ) 922 - 932 .

Reyes S, Ramsay M, Ladhani S, Amirthalingam G, Singh N, Cores C, Mathews J, Lambourne J et al. ( 2020 ) . Protecting people with multiple sclerosis through vaccination . Practical Neurology

Lombardi V, Carassiti D, Giovannoni G, Lu C-H, Adiutori R, Malaspina A ( 2020 ) . Author Correction: The potential of neurofilaments analysis using dry-blood and plasma spots . Scientific Reports vol. 10 , ( 1 )

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2020 ) . Dare we mention the C-word? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 43 ,

Sørensen PS, Centonze D, Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Selchen D, Vermersch P, Wiendl H, Yamout B et al. ( 2020 ) . Expert opinion on the use of cladribine tablets in clinical practice . Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders vol. 13 ,

Kuri A, Jacobs BM, Vickaryous N, Pakpoor J, Middeldorp J, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in the United Kingdom . BMC Public Health vol. 20 , ( 1 )

Saxena G, Moore JM, Jones M, Pryce G, Ali L, Leisegang GR, Vijay V, Loveless S et al. ( 2020 ) . Detecting and predicting neutralization of alemtuzumab responses in MS . Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation vol. 7 , ( 4 )

Salama S, Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Waubant E, Levy M ( 2020 ) . Changes in patient and physician attitudes resulting from COVID-19 in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 42 ,

Dobson R, Jokubaitis V, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Change in pregnancy-associated multiple sclerosis relapse rates over time: a meta-analysis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Gold R, Radue E-W, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Havrdova EK, Montalban X, Stefoski D, Sprenger T et al. ( 2020 ) . Long-term safety and efficacy of daclizumab beta in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: 6-year results from the SELECTED open-label extension study . Journal of Neurology vol. 267 , ( 10 ) 2851 - 2864 .

Giovannoni G, Galazka A, Schick R, Leist T, Comi G, Montalban X, Damian D, Dangond F et al. ( 2020 ) . Pregnancy Outcomes During the Clinical Development Program of Cladribine in Multiple Sclerosis: An Integrated Analysis of Safety . Drug Safety vol. 43 , ( 7 ) 635 - 643 .

Taylor TR, Jacobs BM, Giovannoni G, Petrushkin H, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . Prevalence and demographics of multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis: a UK biobank study . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 43 ,

Baker D, Amor S, Kang AS, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . The underpinning biology relating to multiple sclerosis disease modifying treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 43 ,

Lechner-Scott J, Waubant E, Levy M, Hawkes C, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Is multiple sclerosis a risk factor for infections? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 41 ,

Hobart J, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Cognition and its relation to brain health in patients with MS: Response to letter . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 26 , ( 12 ) 1613 - 1614 .

De Angelis F, Connick P, Parker RA, Plantone D, Doshi A, John N, Stutters J, MacManus D et al. ( 2020 ) . Amiloride, fluoxetine or riluzole to reduce brain volume loss in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: the MS-SMART four-arm RCT . Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation vol. 7 , ( 3 ) 1 - 72 .

Mateo-Casas M, Reyes S, O'Toole EA, De Trane S, Yildiz O, Allen-Philbey K, Mathews J, Baker D et al. ( 2020 ) . Severe skin reactions associated with cladribine in people with multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders . vol. 43 ,

Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Anti-CD20 immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19 . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 41 ,

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Comi G, Nolting A, Sylvester E, Jack D, Damian D et al. ( 2020 ) . An analysis of the relationship between cladribine dose and risk of malignancies in patients with multiple sclerosis (1928) . Neurology . vol. 94 ,

Leddy S, Jacobs B, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . Bone health, fracture risk, and Multiple Sclerosis: a UK Biobank study (3946) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Benedict RHB, Arnold DL, Rose J, Cohan S, Lynch S, Kappos L, Havrdova EK, Khatri B et al. ( 2020 ) . Change in cognitive processing speed is associated with cortical grey matter and thalamic volume loss in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (1905) . Neurology . vol. 94 ,

Calabresi PA, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Plavina T, Koulinska I, Edwards MR, Kieseier B, de Moor C et al. ( 2020 ) . Disease Control Beyond NEDA: The Value of Non-clinical Disease Activity Measures to Determine Treatment Response to Natalizumab (1194) . Neurology . vol. 94 ,

Jacobs B, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . Environmental exposures associated with Multiple Sclerosis: a UK Biobank study (474) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Sørensen PS, Centonze D, Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Selchen D, Vermersch P, Wiendl H, Yamout B et al. ( 2020 ) . Expert Opinion on the Use of Cladribine Tablets in Clinical Practice for the Treatment of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (1482) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P, Dangond F, Keller B, Jack D ( 2020 ) . Long-Term Disease Stability Assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale in Patients Treated with Cladribine Tablets (1942) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox RJ, Vermersch P, Benedict RHB, Bar-Or A, Rouyrre N et al. ( 2020 ) . Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Siponimod in Patients with SPMS: EXPAND Extension Analysis Up to 5 Years (4128) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, de Seze J, Hauser S, Overell J, Koendgen H, Prajapati K, Manfrini M et al. ( 2020 ) . Long-term Reduction of Confirmed Disability Progression and Time to Walking Aid After 6 Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (1847) . Neurology . vol. 94 ,

Arnold DL, Cree BAC, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Meier DP, Arnould S et al. ( 2020 ) . Magnetization Transfer Imaging in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Siponimod: Results from the Phase 3 EXPAND Study (4037) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Bar-Or A, Fox RJ, Chen C, Parks B, Kapadia S ( 2020 ) . Overall Safety and Efficacy Through 10 Years of Treatment with Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (1345) . Neurology . vol. 94 ,

Christmas T, Reyes S, Singh N, Allen-Philbey K, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Postprandial Somnolence in People with Multiple Sclerosis (4393) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-S⊘rensen P, Rammohan K, Cook S, Keller B, Roy S ( 2020 ) . Reduction of Risk of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Within Two Years of Treatment with Cladribine Tablets (1961) . Neurology . vol. 94 ,

Cree BAC, Cutter G, Wolinsky JS, Freedman MS, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Sedel F et al. ( 2020 ) . Results of the Phase 3 SPI2 Study of MD1003 (high dose Pharmaceutical grade Biotin) in Progressive MS (680) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Kalatskaya I, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Sorensen PS, Boschert U, Demartino J, Rolfe A ( 2020 ) . Revealing the Immune Cell Subtype Reconstitution Profile in Cladribine Treated Patients at the 96 Week Timepoint (CLARITY) Using Deconvolution Algorithms (1520) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Fox R, Arnold D, Giovannoni G, Cree B, Vermersch P, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Benedict R et al. ( 2020 ) . Siponimod Reduces Grey Matter Atrophy in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Subgroup Analyses from the EXPAND Study (1130) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Berger J, Cutter G, Fox R, Wiendl H, Chang I, Englishby R et al. ( 2020 ) . Updated Incidence of Natalizumab-associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and Its Relationship with Natalizumab Exposure Over Time (2815) . Neurology vol. 94 , ( 15_supplement )

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Comi G, Syed S, Nolting A, Damian D, Schick R ( 2020 ) . Updated safety of cladribine tablets in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis: Integrated safety analysis and post-approval data (1656) . Neurology . vol. 94 ,

Reyes S, Suarez S, Allen‐Philbey K, Thomson A, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . The impact of social capital on patients with multiple sclerosis . Acta Neurologica Scandinavica vol. 142 , ( 1 ) 58 - 65 .

Waubant E, Pröbstel A-K, Levy M, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Tremlett H ( 2020 ) . The future of microbiome research in neuroinflammatory disorders . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 40 ,

Giovannoni G, Institute BATLSOMADB ( 2020 ) . CLINICAL VIEWPOINT: Immunosuppression and COVID-19 . Advances in Clinical Neuroscience & Rehabilitation vol. 19 , ( 3 ) 8 - 9 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Levy M, Lechner-Scott J, Waubant E ( 2020 ) . Big pharma and social responsibility . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 39 ,

Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Waubant E, Gold J ( 2020 ) . The COVID-19 pandemic and the use of MS disease-modifying therapies . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 39 ,

Bestwick JP, Auger SD, Simonet C, Rees RN, Rack D, Jitlal M, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ et al. ( 2020 ) . Improving estimation of Parkinson’s disease risk - The enhanced PREDICT-PD algorithm .

Dobson R, Jacobs B, Giovannoni G, Cuzick J ( 2020 ) . Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between Epstein-Barr virus, Multiple Sclerosis, and other risk factors . Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Bestwick JP, Auger SD, Schrag AE, Grosset DG, Kanavou S, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Cuzick J et al. ( 2020 ) . Maximising information on smell, quantitative motor impairment and probable REM-sleep behaviour disorder in the prediction of Parkinson’s disease .

Arnold DL, Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Ghezzi A, Greenberg BM, Waubant E, Giovannoni G, Wolinsky JS et al. ( 2020 ) . Effect of fingolimod on MRI outcomes in patients with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: results from the phase 3 PARADIGMS study . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 91 ,

Laurson-Doube J, Rijke N, Costello K, McDonell J, Giovannoni G, Banwell B, Baneke P ( 2020 ) . Health-care disparities for people with multiple sclerosis . The Lancet Neurology vol. 19 , ( 3 ) 207 - 208 .

Ali L, SAXENA G, Jones M, Leisegang G, Gammon L, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K et al. ( 2020 ) . A cell-based assay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against alemtuzumab . BioTechniques: the journal of laboratory technology for bioresearch

Reyes S, Suarez S, Allen-Philbey K, Yildiz Ö, Mathews J, Anjorin G, Edwards F, Jain C et al. ( 2020 ) . Socioeconomic status and disease-modifying therapy prescribing patterns in people with multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 41 ,

Baker D, Ali L, SAXENA G, Pryce G, Jones M, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S et al. ( 2020 ) . The irony of humanization: Alemtuzumab the first, but one of the most immunogenic, humanized monoclonal antibodies . Frontiers in Immunology vol. 11 , ( 124 )

Dobson R, Jitlal M, Marshall CR, Noyce AJ, Robson J, Cuzick J, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Ethnic and Socioeconomic Associations with Multiple Sclerosis Risk . Annals of Neurology vol. 87 , ( 4 ) 599 - 608 .

Saxena GK, Theocharopoulos I, Aziz NT, Jones M, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K, Garnett JA et al. ( 2020 ) . GloBody Technology: Detecting Anti-Drug Antibody against VH/VL domains . Scientific Reports vol. 10 , ( 1 ) Article 1860 ,

Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2020 ) . Ageing and multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 38 ,

Chataway J, De Angelis F, Connick P, Parker RA, Plantone D, Doshi A, John N, Stutters J et al. ( 2020 ) . Efficacy of three neuroprotective drugs in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-SMART): a phase 2b, multiarm, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial . The Lancet Neurology vol. 19 , ( 3 ) 214 - 225 .

McDonell J, Costello K, Laurson-Doube J, Rijke N, Giovannoni G, Banwell B, Baneke P ( 2020 ) . World Health Organization Essential Medicines List: Multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies application . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 26 , ( 2 ) 153 - 158 .

Dobson R, Noyce A, Giovannoni G, jacobs B ( 2020 ) . BMI and low serum vitamin D are causal risk factors for Multiple Sclerosis: a Mendelian Randomisation study . Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation

Lombardi V, Carassiti D, Giovannoni G, Lu CH, Adiutori R, Malaspina A ( 2020 ) . The potential of neurofilaments analysis using dry-blood and plasma spots . Scientific Reports vol. 10 , ( 1 )

Freedman M, Pardo G, De Stefano N, Aldridge J, Hyvert Y, Galazka A, Lemieux C, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2020 ) . Age-related efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing-remitting ms in the clarity extension study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 257 - 258 .

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Comi G, Nolting A, Sylvester E, Jack D, Damian D et al. ( 2020 ) . An analysis of the relationship between cladribine dose and risk of malignancies in patients with multiple sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Kalatskaya I, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Sorensen PS, Boschert U, Demartino J, Rolfe A ( 2020 ) . Assessing the immune cell subtype reconstitution profile using deconvolution algorithms in patients treated with cladribine in the CLARITY study: findings at the 96-week timepoint . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 26 - 26 .

Goodwin G, Li H, Ismail A, Azevedo H, Giovannoni G, Schrag A, Lees A, Cuzick J et al. ( 2020 ) . Assessing the screening performance of three abbreviated smell tests in Parkinson's disease . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 35 , S652 - S652 .

Narayanan S, Cutter G, Wolinsky J, Freedman MS, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Hartung H, Sedel F et al. ( 2020 ) . Axonal Integrity by MRS at Baseline in the SPI2 Ph3 Trial of MD1003 (hdPB): Effect of Sex, Disease Burden, and Progressive MS Type . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 84 - 84 .

Foley J, Defer G, Ryerson LZ, Cohen JA, Arnold DL, Butzkueven H, Cutter G, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2020 ) . Baseline characteristics of multiple sclerosis patients enrolled in NOVA, a multicentre, randomised trial to assess the efficacy of natalizumab every-6-weeks dosing . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 212 - 212 .

Leddy S, Jacobs B, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . Bone health, fracture risk, and Multiple Sclerosis: a UK Biobank study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Smets I, Reyes S, Carrillo-Loza K, Mateo-Casas M, Bianchi L, Holden D, Ammoscato F, Turner B et al. ( 2020 ) . CSF Neurofilament Light Chain for guiding individual treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 475 - 476 .

Benedict RHB, Arnold DL, Rose J, Cohan S, Lynch S, Kappos L, Havrdova EK, Khatri B et al. ( 2020 ) . Change in cognitive processing speed is associated with cortical grey matter and thalamic volume loss in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Allen-Philbey K, De Trane S, Stennett A, Yildiz O, Adams A, Turner B, Marta M, Gnanapavan S et al. ( 2020 ) . Cladribine personalised dosing to treat multiple sclerosis: observations in 208 patients . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 522 - 523 .

Lieberman D, Mangat H, Allen-Philbey K, Baker D, Barkhof F, Chandran S, Chapman C, Chataway J et al. ( 2020 ) . Cladribine to halt deterioration in people with advanced multiple sclerosis (CHARIOTMS) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 212 - 213 .

Giovannoni G, Leist T, Aydemir A, Di Cantogno EV ( 2020 ) . Classic-ms: long-term efficacy and real-world treatment patterns for patients receiving cladribine tablets - interim data with 8-14 years follow-up . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 90 - 90 .

Sormani MP, Giovannoni G, Signori A, Alexandri N ( 2020 ) . Disability improvement in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients receiving cladribine tablets, evaluated by expanded disability status scale . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 215 - 215 .

Calabresi PA, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Plavina T, Koulinska I, Edwards MR, Kieseier B, de Moor C et al. ( 2020 ) . Disease Control Beyond NEDA: The Value of Non-clinical Disease Activity Measures to Determine Treatment Response to Natalizumab . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Leist T, Coyle P, Keller B, Jack D, Alexandri N ( 2020 ) . Durable efficacy of cladribine tablets: cumulative relapse incidence over 5 years in clarity and clarity extension . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 215 - 216 .

Vennersch P, Fox RJ, Arnold DL, Giovannoni G, Cree BAC, Bar-Or A, Golds R, Benedict RHB et al. ( 2020 ) . Effect of Siponimod on Grey Matter Atrophy in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Subgroup Analyses from the EXPAND Study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 478 - 478 .

Penner I-K, Giovannoni G, Cree BAC, Fox R, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Vermersch P, Hach T et al. ( 2020 ) . Effect of siponimod on cognitive processing speed in spms patients with active and non-active disease . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 502 - 502 .

Comi G, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Rammohan K, Giovannoni G, Damian D, Jack D, Dangond F, Galazka A et al. ( 2020 ) . Efficacy Outcomes In Cladribine Tablets-treated Patients In CLARITY Were Similar Between Patients Who Did Vs. Did Not Enter CLARITY Extension . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 43 - 43 .

Comi G, Sorensen PS, Rammohan K, Giovannoni G, Damian D, Jack D, Dangond F, Galazka A et al. ( 2020 ) . Efficacy outcomes in cladribine tablets-treated patients in CLARITY were similar between patients who did vs. did not enter CLARITY extension . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 1136 - 1136 .

Jacobs B, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . Environmental exposures associated with Multiple Sclerosis: a UK Biobank study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Sormani MP, Signori A, Giovannoni G, Alexandri N ( 2020 ) . Evaluation of Disability Improvement in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Cladribine Tablets as Measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale Score . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Arnold DL, Vermersch P, Cree BAC, Bar-or A, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Piani-Meier D, Arnould S et al. ( 2020 ) . Evidence for Improved Myelination in Patients Treated with Siponimod: Results from the Phase 3 EXPAND MRI Substudy . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 194 - 195 .

Hauser S, Bar-Or A, Francis G, Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Nicholas J, Oh J, Sormani MP et al. ( 2020 ) . Examination of fenebrutinib, a highly selective btki, on disease progression of multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 220 - 220 .

Sørensen PS, Centonze D, Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Selchen D, Vermersch P, Wiendl H, Yamout B et al. ( 2020 ) . Expert Opinion on the Use of Cladribine Tablets in Clinical Practice for the Treatment of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 37 ,

Sorensen PS, Centonze D, Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Selchen D, Vermersch P, Wiendl H, Yamout B et al. ( 2020 ) . Expert opinion consensus on recommendations for treating relapsing multiple sclerosis with cladribine tablets in daily clinical practice . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 945 - 946 .

Jacobs B, Noyce A, Bestwick J, Belete D, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . Gene-environment interactions in multiple sclerosis: a uk biobank study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 367 - 367 .

Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Cree BAC, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Piani-Meier D, Hach T et al. ( 2020 ) . Impact of siponimod on myelination as assessed by mtr across spms subgroups: post-hoc analysis from the expand mri substudy . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 398 - 399 .

Giovannoni G, Leist T, Sorensen PS, Kalatskaya I, Boschert U, DeMartino J, Rolfe A, Jack D ( 2020 ) . Increase of Naive B Cells M2 Macrophages and Reduction of Memory B/T Cells During Immune Repopulation at 96 Weeks in CLARITY Assessed by Immune Cell Deconvolution . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , NP41 - NP41 .

Giovannoni G, Leist TP, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Kalatskaya I, Shafaatian UB, DeMartino J, Rolfe A ( 2020 ) . Increased Naive B Cells, M2 Macrophages, And Decreased Memory B And T Cells During Immune Repopulation In CLARITY Assessed By Immune Cell Deconvolution . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 65 - 66 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P, Dangond F, Keller B, Jack D ( 2020 ) . Long-Term Disease Stability Assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale in Patients Treated with Cladribine Tablets . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Parratt J, Hauser SL, Kappos L, Montalban X, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Model F, Prajapati K et al. ( 2020 ) . Long-Term Reduction in 48-Week Confirmed Disability Progression After 5 Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [Encore] . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , NP66 - NP67 .

Gouider R, Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Hauser SL, Montalban X, Koendgen H, Prajapati K, Manfrini M et al. ( 2020 ) . Long-Term Reduction of Relapse Rate and Confirmed Disability Progression After 6 Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders . vol. 37 ,

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P, Dangond F, Keller B, Jack D ( 2020 ) . Long-term Disease Stability Assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale in Patients Treated with Cladribine Tablets in the CLARITY and CLARITY Extension Studies . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 468 - 468 .

Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox RJ, Vermersch P, Benedict RHB, Bar-Or A, Rouyrre N et al. ( 2020 ) . Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Siponimod in Patients with SPMS: EXPAND Extension Analysis Up to 5 Years . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox RJ, Vermersch P, Benedict RHB, Bar-or A, Rouyrres N et al. ( 2020 ) . Long-term Efficacy of Siponimod Treatment for up to 5 Years in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Analysis of the EXPAND Extension Study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 337 - 337 .

Hauser SL, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Koendgen H, Wang Q, Manfrini M, Wolinsky J ( 2020 ) . Long-term Reduction Of Relapse Rate And Confirmed Disability Progression After 6 Years Of Ocrelizumab Treatment In Patients With Relapsing MS . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 45 - 46 .

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Giovannoni G, Kappos L, De Seze J, Hauser S, Overell J, Koendgen H, Schneble H-M, Prajapati K et al. ( 2020 ) . Long-term reduction of relapse rate and 48-week confirmed disability progression after 6.5 Years of ocrelizumab treatment in patients with rms . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 222 - 223 .

Arnold DL, Cree BAC, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Meier DP, Arnould S et al. ( 2020 ) . Magnetization Transfer Imaging in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Siponimod: Results from the Phase 3 EXPAND Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Rouyrre N, Cree BAC, Fox R, Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Piani-Meier D et al. ( 2020 ) . Modeling a long-term virtual placebo arm for spms population in the expand study: comparing different statistical methods . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 123 - 123 .

Ziemssen T, Giovannoni G, Alvarez E, Bhan V, Hersh C, Hoffmann O, Oreja-Guevara C, Robles-Cedeno R et al. ( 2020 ) . Msprodiscuss™ is a useful tool to aid discussion of multiple sclerosis disease progression: results from a large, real-world qualitative survey . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 539 - 539 .

Gudesblatt M, Srinivasan J, Bumstead B, Zarif M, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Multiple Sclerosis Management And EDSS: A Great Start, But A Reason For Change Was Never So Apparent And Needed . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 33 - 33 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Bar-Or A, Fox RJ, Chen C, Parks B, Kapadia S ( 2020 ) . Overall Safety and Efficacy Through 10 Years of Treatment with Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Belete D, Jacobs B, Bestwick J, Blauwendraat C, Bandres-Ciga S, Heilbron K, Dobson R, Nalls M et al. ( 2020 ) . Parkinson's disease determinants, prediction and gene-environment interactions in the UK Biobank . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 35 , S74 - S74 .

Christmas T, Reyes S, Singh N, Allen-Philbey K, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Postprandial Somnolence in People with Multiple Sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Christmas T, Ardissino M, Singh N, Allen-Philbey K, Giovannoni G, Reyes S ( 2020 ) . Postprandial somnolence in multiple sclerosis: the invisible is real . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 641 - 641 .

Yamout B, Giovannoni G, Magyari M, Vermersch P, Merino-Plazas E, Alexandri N, Keller B ( 2020 ) . Preservation of relapse-free status in Year 2 of treatment with cladribine tablets by relapse-free status in Year 1 . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 482 - 482 .

Hauser S, Bar-Or A, Francis G, Kappos L, Nicholas J, Oh J, Sormani MP, Stoll S et al. ( 2020 ) . Rationale and design of two phase iiib studies of ocrelizumab at higher than the approved dose in patients with rms and ppms . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 230 - 231 .

Boyko AN, Correale JD, Edan G, Freedman M, Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Rammohan K, Leist T et al. ( 2020 ) . Rationale, design and feasibility assessment of the Phase IV CLASSIC-MS study evaluating long-term efficacy for patients with multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 200 - 200 .

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Rammohan K, Cook S, Keller B, Roy S ( 2020 ) . Reduction Of Risk Of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Within Two Years Of Treatment With Cladribine Tablets: An Analysis Of The CLARITY Study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 67 - 68 .

Taylor B, Wolinsky JS, Kappos L, Montalban X, Model F, Mehta L, Hubeaux S, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Reduction in 48-Week Confirmed Disability Progression After 5.5 Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [Encore] . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , NP37 - NP37 .

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Sørensen PS, Rammohan K, Cook S, Keller B, Roy S ( 2020 ) . Reduction of Risk of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Within Two Years of Treatment with Cladribine Tablets: An Analysis of the CLARITY Study . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 37 ,

Kalatskaya I, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Sorensen PS, Boschert U, Demartino J, Rolfe A ( 2020 ) . Revealing the Immune Cell Subtype Reconstitution Profile in Cladribine Treated Patients at the 96 Week Timepoint (CLARITY) Using Deconvolution Algorithms . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Bar-Or A, Fox R, Mokliatchouk O, Parks B, Miller C et al. ( 2020 ) . Safety and efficacy in patients treated with dimethyl fumarate and followed for 13 years: final results of endorse . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 6 - 6 .

Coles AJ, Bass AD, Comi G, Fernandez O, Giovannoni G, Jones J, Kappos L, Havrdova EK et al. ( 2020 ) . Safety of Alemtuzumab Over 9 Years in Patients With Non-MS Autoimmunity . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 681 - 681 .

Vennersch P, Bass AD, Boster A, Chan A, Coles AJ, Comic G, Giovannoni G, Junes J et al. ( 2020 ) . Safety of Alemtuzumab in RRMS Patients During the Peri-infusion Period: Clinical Trial and Postmarketing Experience . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 477 - 477 .

Struga G, Bianchi L, Ammoscato F, Bestwick J, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S ( 2020 ) . Safety of Ixazomib Targeting Plasma Cells in Multiple Sclerosis . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 1143 - 1143 .

Coles A, Bass A, Comi G, Fernandez O, Giovannoni G, Jones J, Havrdova EK, Montalban X et al. ( 2020 ) . Safety of alemtuzumab over 9 years in patients with non-MS autoimmunity . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 3 - 4 .

Fox R, Arnold D, Giovannoni G, Cree B, Vermersch P, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Benedict R et al. ( 2020 ) . Siponimod Reduces Grey Matter Atrophy in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Subgroup Analyses from the EXPAND Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Gold R, Kappos L, Benedict RHB, Bar-or A, Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Fox RJ, Hach T et al. ( 2020 ) . Siponimod Slows Physical Disability Progression and Decline in Cognitive Processing Speed in SPMS Patients with Active Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of the EXPAND Study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 328 - 329 .

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Fox R, Vermersch P, Cree BAC, Benedict R, Bar-Or A, Rouyrre N et al. ( 2020 ) . Sustained reduction of disability and cognitive decline with long-term siponimod treatment in patients with active spms: expand data up to 5 years . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 235 - 235 .

Greenberg B, Rammohan K, Aldridge J, Lebson LA, Dangond F, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . The effect of cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who had evidence of disease activity in CLARITY . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 916 - 917 .

Giovannoni G, Pardo G, Ben-Zacharia A, Harty G, Hayward B, Harty G, Jones DL, Rammohan K ( 2020 ) . Time To First Relapse Over The Duration Of Clarity And Clarity Extension In Patients Treated With Cladribine Tablets 3.5 Mg/kg Over Two Years . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 50 - 51 .

Noyce A, Giovannoni G, Scheltens P, Berg D, Brown L, Dierickx K, Frisoni G, Georges J et al. ( 2020 ) . Time matters in brain health: how can health systems respond to the growing demand for genetic testing? . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 35 , S71 - S71 .

Noyce A, Giovannoni G, Scheltens P, Berg D, Brown L, Dierickx K, Frisoni GB, Georges J et al. ( 2020 ) . Time matters in brain health: how should society prepare for a growing population at risk of neurodegenerative diseases? . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 143 - 143 .

Hobart J, Butzkueven H, Haartsen J, Vollmer T, Ziemssen T, Lane T, Giovannoni G ( 2020 ) . Timely intervention, monitoring and education matters in ms (time matters in ms): global piloting of the ms brain health quality improvement tool . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 643 - 643 .

Leddy S, Jacobs BM, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2020 ) . To examine the impact of Multiple Sclerosis on bone health and explore mechanisms for this association . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 981 - 981 .

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Berger J, Cutter G, Fox R, Wiendl H, Chang I, Englishby R et al. ( 2020 ) . Updated Incidence of Natalizumab-associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and Its Relationship with Natalizumab Exposure Over Time . NEUROLOGY . vol. 94 ,

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Leist TP, Comi G, Syed S, Nolting A, Damian D, Schick R ( 2020 ) . Updated Safety Of Cladribine Tablets In The Treatment Of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Integrated Safety Analysis And Post-approval Data . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 52 - 52 .

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Comi G, Syed S, Noltine A, Damian D, Schick R ( 2020 ) . Updated Safety of Cladribine Tablets in the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Integrated Safety Analysis and Post-Approval Data . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 27 , 327 - 328 .

Giovannoni G, Berger J, Leist T, Jack D, Galazka A, Nolting A, Damian D ( 2020 ) . Updated post-approval safety of cladribine tablets in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, with particular reference to respiratory viral infections . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 318 - 318 .

Vickaryous N, Garjani A, Jacobs B, Jitlal M, Middleton R, Das Nair R, Tuite-Dalton K, Hunter R et al. ( 2020 ) . Vitamin D levels in the UK MS population and COVID-19 susceptibility . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 26 , 55 - 55 .

Bar-Or A, Pender MP, Khanna R, Steinman L, Hartung H-P, Maniar T, Croze E, Aftab BT et al. ( 2019 ) . Epstein–Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Theory and Emerging Immunotherapies . Trends in Molecular Medicine vol. 26 , ( 3 ) 296 - 310 .

Giovannoni G, Brex P, Dhiraj D, Fullarton J, Freddi M, Rodgers-Gray B, Schmierer K ( 2019 ) . Glatiramer acetate as a clinically and cost-effective treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis over 10 years of use within the National Health Service: Final results from the UK Risk Sharing Scheme . Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational and Clinical vol. 5 , ( 4 )

Levy M, Waubant E, Hawkes C, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J ( 2019 ) . “Is this new medicine going to help me walk again?” . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 37 ,

Giovannoni G, White S, Mistry N, Calhoun S, Young C, Coutts M, Roberts M, Anderson P et al. ( 2019 ) . 163 Development of clinical and patient-reported quality metrics for multiple sclerosis: a UK pilot study report . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 90 ,

Giovannoni G, Hauser SL, Brochet B, Montalban X, Naismith RT, Wolinsky JS, Hubeaux S, Mehta L et al. ( 2019 ) . 178 Long-term efficacy of ocrelizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 90 ,

Reyes S, Allen-Philbey K, Suarez S, Yildiz Ö, Turner B, Gnanapavan S, Schmierer K, Marta M et al. ( 2019 ) . 192 Does socioeconomic status impact on the prescription of disease-modifying treatments in people with multiple sclerosis? . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 90 ,

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Berger J, Cutter G, Fox R, Wiendl H, Chang I, Kasliwal R et al. ( 2019 ) . 199 Changes in natalizumab exposure and PML incidence over time . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 90 ,

Allen-Philbey K, Silveira F, Turner B, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2019 ) . 212 Is there an ethnicity bias of access to MS services? The barts health experience revisited . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 90 ,

Lombardi V, Carassiti D, Giovannoni G, Lu C-H, Adiutori R, Malaspina A ( 2019 ) . Theme 7 Pre-clinical therapeutic strategies . Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration vol. 20 , ( sup1 ) 217 - 245 .

Baker D, Pryce G, James LK, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Failed B cell survival factor trials support the importance of memory B cells in multiple sclerosis . European Journal of Neurology vol. 27 , ( 2 ) 221 - 228 .

Waubant E, Levy M, Lechner-Scott J, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C ( 2019 ) . Grassroot efforts towards diversity in MS care and research: Win-win for patients and science . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 35 , a1 - a2 .

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Keller B, di Cantogno EV ( 2019 ) . Efficacy of cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis aged above and below 45 years; clarity and clarity extension . Journal of the Neurological Sciences . vol. 405 , 177 - 178 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P, Dangond F, Keller B, Jack D ( 2019 ) . Long-term disease stability assessed by the expanded disability status scale in patients treated with cladribine tablets in the clarity and clarity extension studies . Journal of the Neurological Sciences . vol. 405 ,

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Hauser SL, Montalban X, Koendgen H, Prajapati K, Manfrini M, Mehta L et al. ( 2019 ) . Long-term reduction of relapse rate and confirmed disability progression after 6 years of ocrelizumab treatment in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis . Journal of the Neurological Sciences . vol. 405 , 308 - 309 .

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Rammohan K, Cook S, Keller B, Roy S ( 2019 ) . Reduction of risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis within two years of treatment with cladribine tablets: An analysis of the clarity study . Journal of the Neurological Sciences . vol. 405 ,

Jacobs BM, Giovannoni G, Cuzick J, Dobson R ( 2019 ) . Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between Epstein-Barr virus, Multiple Sclerosis, and other risk factors . medRxiv19007450 - 19007450 .

Oreja-Guevara C, Potra S, Bauer B, Centonze D, Giambastiani M-P, Giovannoni G, Kesselring J, Langdon D et al. ( 2019 ) . Joint Healthcare Professional and Patient Development of Communication Tools to Improve the Standard of MS Care . Advances in Therapy vol. 36 , ( 11 ) 3238 - 3252 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2019 ) . Multiple sclerosis and migration revisited . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 34 , a1 - a2 .

Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Do we have equipoise when it comes to how we treat active multiple sclerosis? . The Lancet Neurology vol. 18 , ( 10 ) 909 - 911 .

Cadavid D, Mellion M, Hupperts R, Edwards KR, Calabresi PA, Drulović J, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P et al. ( 2019 ) . Safety and efficacy of opicinumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (SYNERGY): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial . The Lancet Neurology vol. 18 , ( 9 ) 845 - 856 .

Pardo S, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Waubant E, Levy M ( 2019 ) . Editorial on: Eculizumab in aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 33 , a1 - a2 .

Baker D, Jacobs BM, Gnanapavan S, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Plasma cell and B cell-targeted treatments for use in advanced multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 35 , 19 - 25 .

Hasan H, Burrows M, Athauda DS, Hellman B, James B, Warner T, Foltynie T, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2019 ) . The BRadykinesia Akinesia INcoordination (BRAIN) Tap Test: Capturing the Sequence Effect . Movement Disorders Clinical Practice vol. 6 , ( 6 ) 462 - 469 .

Stuve O, Soerensen PS, Leist T, Giovannoni G, Hyvert Y, Damian D, Dangond F, Boschert U ( 2019 ) . Effects of cladribine tablets on lymphocyte subsets in patients with multiple sclerosis: an extended analysis of surface markers . Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders vol. 12 ,

Joseph T, Auger SD, Peress L, Rack D, Cuzick J, Giovannoni G, Lees A, Schrag AE et al. ( 2019 ) . Screening performance of abbreviated versions of the UPSIT smell test . Journal of Neurology vol. 266 , ( 8 ) 1897 - 1906 .

Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2019 ) . A narrative to explain worsening secondary progressive multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Waubant E, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M ( 2019 ) . Three suggestions to decrease the financial burden of MS treatments . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 30 ,

Lechner-Scott J, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2019 ) . One size doesn't fit all . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 31 , a1 - a2 .

Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Survival: the ultimate long-term outcome in multiple sclerosis . Brain vol. 142 , ( 5 ) 1166 - 1167 .

Gaiottino J, Giovannoni G, Breuer J, Tang JW ( 2019 ) . Chronic-relapsing varicella zoster meningitis – Successfully treated with varicella vaccine . Journal of Infection vol. 79 , ( 1 ) 61 - 74 .

Kappos L, Vermersch P, Cree B, Benedict R, Giovannoni G, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Arnould S et al. ( 2019 ) . A Novel Functional Composite Endpoint to Characterize Disease Progression in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (S12.006) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Narayanan S, Cutter G, Wolinsky J, Freedman M, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, SEDEL F et al. ( 2019 ) . Axonal Integrity in Primary and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: a Baseline Subgroup Analysis of Sex, Age, and Disease Severity from the Phase III SPI2 Study (S12.005) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

De Trane S, Mao Z, Alvarez-Gonzalez C, Allen-Philbey K, Yildiz O, Campion T, Adams A, Turner B et al. ( 2019 ) . Cladribine to treat Relapsing and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis - experience in >200 patients (S26.008) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Williams M, Langdon D, Giovannoni G, Pontaga M, Alexandri N ( 2019 ) . Comparing Patient Perceptions on Multiple Sclerosis Management and Care – A Sub-analysis of Geographic Differences (P4.9-076) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Bar-Or A, Fox RJ, Chen C, Miller C ( 2019 ) . Delayed-release Dimethyl Fumarate Demonstrates Sustained Efficacy over Nine Years in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P3.2-084) . Neurology . vol. 92 ,

Giovannoni G, Keller B, Jack D ( 2019 ) . Durability of NEDA-3 status in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis receiving cladribine tablets: CLARITY Extension (P3.2-100) . Neurology . vol. 92 ,

Benedict R, Fox R, Tomic D, Cree B, Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Bar-Or A, Gold R et al. ( 2019 ) . Effect of Siponimod on Cognition in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS): Phase 3 EXPAND Study Subgroup Analysis (P3.2-051) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Campbell N, Cohen J, Wiendl H, Foley J, Butzkueven H, Ryerson LZ, Giovannoni G, Arnold D et al. ( 2019 ) . Evaluating the efficacy and safety of 6-week extended interval dosing of natalizumab via a prospective, controlled, randomized, open-label, rater-blinded phase 3b study (P3.2-095) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Hauser SL, Kappos L, Montalban X, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Model F, Hubeaux S, Mehta L et al. ( 2019 ) . Long-Term Reduction in 48-Week Confirmed Disability Progression After 5 Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (P3.2-054) . Neurology . vol. 92 ,

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Sorensen PS, Keller B, Jack D ( 2019 ) . Lymphopenia rates in CLARITY/CLARITY Extension are consistent in patients with or without high disease activity at baseline (P3.2-062) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Giovannoni G, Airas L, Bove R, Boyko A, Cutter G, Hobart J, Kuhle J, Oh J et al. ( 2019 ) . Ocrelizumab Treatment Effect on Upper Limb Function in PPMS Patients with Disability: Subgroup Results of the ORATORIO Study to Inform the ORATORIO-HAND Study Design (P3.2-091) . Neurology . vol. 92 ,

Maeglin J, Finnegan T, Murray C, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Online Medical Education Improves Knowledge of Immune Mechanisms in the Treatment of MS Among Neurologists (P1.2-100) . Neurology . vol. 92 ,

Zhu B, Calabresi P, Giovannoni G, Kapoor R, Naismith R, Hartung H-P, Arnold D, Wolstencroft P et al. ( 2019 ) . Phase 2 AFFINITY Trial Evaluates Opicinumab in a Targeted Population of Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Rationale, Design and Baseline Characteristics (P3.2-072) . Neurology . vol. 92 ,

Carrillo-Loza K, Reyes S, Bianchi L, Holden D, Espasandin M, Ammoscato F, Turner B, Schmierer K et al. ( 2019 ) . Real Life Evidence for CSF Neurofilaments Light Chain in Clinical Practice. (P5.2-021) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Arnold DL, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Hauser SL, Kappos L, Montalban X, Wolinsky JS, Coutant K et al. ( 2019 ) . Reduced Rate of Brain Atrophy in Patients With PPMS Receiving Ocrelizumab Earlier and Continuously Versus Those Initiating Ocrelizumab Later: Results of ORATORIO 5-Year Follow-Up (P3.2-042) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Wolinsky JS, Kappos L, Montalban X, Model F, Mehta L, Hubeaux S, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Reduction in 48-Week Confirmed Disability Progression After 5.5 Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (P3.2-031) . Neurology . vol. 92 ,

Mateo-Casas M, Reyes S, De Trane S, Yildiz O, Turner B, Mathews J, Giovannoni G, O’toole E et al. ( 2019 ) . Severe skin reactions associated with Cladribine treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (P4.2-022) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Reyes S, Suarez S, Allen-Philbey K, Thomson A, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . The Impact of Social Capital on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (P4.2-069) . Neurology vol. 92 , ( 15_supplement )

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Syed S, Nolting A, Damian D, Schick R ( 2019 ) . Updated safety analysis of cladribine tablets in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (P4.2-046) . Neurology . vol. 92 ,

Levy M, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lechner-Scott J, Waubant E ( 2019 ) . Acute flaccid myelitis in the 21st century: reminiscence of poliomyelitis or a new emergent disease . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 29 , a1 - a2 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips T, Bar-Or A, Fox RJ, Chen C, Miller C ( 2019 ) . Delayed-release Dimethyl Fumarate demonstrates sustained efficacy over nine years in newly diagnosed patients with relapsing-remitting multiple Sclerosis . Revue Neurologique . vol. 175 ,

Giovannoni G, Jack D ( 2019 ) . Durabilité du statut NEDA-3 (No Evidence of Disease Activity) chez les patients atteints d’une forme récurrente de sclérose en plaques (SEP-R) recevant Cladribine Comprimés 3,5mg/kg (CT3,5) : CLARITY Extension . Revue Neurologique vol. 175 ,

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Berger J, Cutter G, Fox RJ, Wiendl H, Chang I, Kasliwal R et al. ( 2019 ) . Incidence of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and its relationship with the pattern of natalizumab exposure over time . Revue Neurologique vol. 175 , s96 - s97 .

DOBSON R ( 2019 ) . Visibility and representation of women in multiple sclerosis research . Neurology

Axelsson M, Dubuisson N, Novakova L, Malmeström C, Giovannoni G, Lycke J, Gnanapavan S ( 2019 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid NCAM levels are modulated by disease‐modifying therapies . Acta Neurologica Scandinavica vol. 139 , ( 5 ) 422 - 427 .

Hawkes C, Giovannoni G, Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2019 ) . Multiple Sclerosis and Vitamin D – Caviar or a Dog’s Dinner? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 28 , a1 - a2 .

Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rieckmann P, Sørensen PS, Vermersch P, Galazka A, Nolting A et al. ( 2019 ) . Effect of cladribine tablets on lymphocyte reduction and repopulation dynamics in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 29 , 168 - 174 .

Dobson R, Dassan P, Roberts M, Giovannoni G, Nelson-Piercy C, Brex PA ( 2019 ) . UK consensus on pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: 'Association of British Neurologists' guidelines . Pract Neurol

Kappos L, Vermersch P, Cree B, Benedict R, Giovannoni G, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Arnould S et al. ( 2019 ) . A Novel Functional Composite Endpoint to Characterize Disease Progression in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, King J, Keller B, di Cantogno EV ( 2019 ) . An Exploratory Analysis of the Efficacy of Cladribine Tablets 3.5 mg/kg in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Stratified According to Age Above and Below 45 Years in the CLARITY Study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 465 - 466 .

Giovannoni G, Rammohan KW, Cook SD, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Keller B, di Cantogno EV ( 2019 ) . An Exploratory Analysis of the Efficacy of Cladribine Tablets in Patients with RMS Stratified According to Age Above and below 45 Years in CLARITY . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 45 - 46 .

Cores C, Reyes S, De Trane S, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K, Baker D ( 2019 ) . Are poor depleters worse off? Variation in total lymphocyte reduction following MS treatment with cladribine . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 745 - 746 .

Kappos L, Vermersch P, Cree B, Benedict R, Giovannoni G, Bar-or A, Gold R, Arnould S et al. ( 2019 ) . Assessment of disease progression in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) using a novel functional composite endpoint . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 26 , 240 - 241 .

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Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Keller B, Jack D ( 2019 ) . CLARITY extension: sustained efficacy in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis following switch from cladribine tablets to placebo in patients with high disease activity at baseline . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 26 , 867 - 867 .

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Kappos L, Mcguigan C, Derfuss T, Giovannoni G, Oh J, Ren Z, McCarthy K, Chang I et al. ( 2019 ) . Determinants of clinical outcomes for patients with Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 19 - 20 .

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Benedict R, Fox R, Tomic D, Cree B, Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Bar-Or A, Gold R et al. ( 2019 ) . Effect of Siponimod on Cognition in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS): Phase 3 EXPAND Study Subgroup Analysis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

Arnold DL, Fox R, Bar-Or A, Cree BAC, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Meier DP et al. ( 2019 ) . Effect of siponimod on cortical grey matter and thalamic volume in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis - results of the EXPAND study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 151 - 152 .

Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Fox R, Rouyrre N, Karlsson G et al. ( 2019 ) . Efficacy of Siponimod in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients with active disease: the EXPAND study subgroup analysis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 380 - 381 .

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Cohen JA, Campbell N, Wiendl H, Foley J, Butzkueven H, Ryerson LZ, Giovannoni G, Arnold DL et al. ( 2019 ) . Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of 6-Week Extended Interval Dosing of Natalizumab Via a Prospective, Controlled, Randomized Phase 3b Study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 48 - 49 .

Campbell N, Cohen J, Wiendl H, Foley J, Butzkueven H, Ryerson LZ, Giovannoni G, Arnold D et al. ( 2019 ) . Evaluating the efficacy and safety of 6 week extended interval dosing of natalizumab via a prospective, controlled, randomized, open-label, rater-blinded phase 3b study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

Reyes S, Carrillo-Loza K, Mateo M, Bianchi L, Holden D, Ammoscato F, Marta M, Turner B et al. ( 2019 ) . Evidence of the utility of CSF neurofilament light chain measurements in people with MS in clinical practice . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 854 - 854 .

Skromne E, Hobart J, Bowen A, Eberhard L, Pepper G, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Expert consensus on standards for multiple sclerosis care: Results from a modified Delphi process . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 169 - 170 .

Giovannoni G, Leist T, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Kalatskaya I, Boschert U, DeMartino J, Rolfe A ( 2019 ) . Increase of naive B cells, M2 macrophages and reduction of memory B/T cells during immune repopulation at 96 weeks in CLARITY assessed by immune cell deconvolution . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 514 - 515 .

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Gudesblatt M, Srinivasan J, Drost T, Bumstead B, Fafard L, Jaenicke K, Buhse M, Zarif M et al. ( 2019 ) . Multiple sclerosis management and EDSS: a great start, but a reason for change was never so apparent and needed . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 628 - 629 .

Giovannoni G, Keller B, Jack D ( 2019 ) . NEDA-3 durability in CLARITY Extension in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis receiving cladribine tablets . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 26 , 492 - 493 .

Bianchi L, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Marta M ( 2019 ) . Neurofilament light chain levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of a longitudinal cohort of people with multiple sclerosis on disease modifying drugs . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 734 - 735 .

Dobson R, Jitlal M, Marshall C, Noyce A, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Obesity is not associated with MS in a socially and ethnically diverse population . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 49 - 49 .

Giovannoni G, Airas L, Bove R, Boyko A, Cutter G, Hobart J, Kuhle J, Oh J et al. ( 2019 ) . Ocrelizumab Treatment Effect on Upper Limb Function in PPMS Patients with Disability: Subgroup Results of the ORATORIO Study to Inform the ORATORIO-HAND Study Design . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

Maeglin J, Finnegan T, Murray C, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Online Medical Education Improves Knowledge of Immune Mechanisms in the Treatment of MS Among Neurologists . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

Marta M, Bianchi L, Lieberman D, Ciccarelli O, Collorone S, Kapoor R, Chataway J, Schmierer K et al. ( 2019 ) . Oxcarbazepine as a neuroprotective agent in MS: a phase IIa trial (PROXIMUS) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 91 - 91 .

Chitnis T, Banwell B, Krupp L, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Brueck W, Giovannoni G, Greenberg B et al. ( 2019 ) . Paediatric patients with multiple sclerosis: effect of fingolimod on lymphocyte counts and its relationship with infection from the paradigms study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 376 - 377 .

Allen-Philbey K, Miller J, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K, Turner B ( 2019 ) . Pharmacovigilance of urinary tract infections in Alemtuzumab cohort . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 321 - 322 .

Zhu B, Calabresi P, Giovannoni G, Kapoor R, Naismith R, Hartung H-P, Arnold D, Wolstencroft P et al. ( 2019 ) . Phase 2 AFFINITY Trial Evaluates Opicinumab in a Targeted Population of Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Rationale, Design and Baseline Characteristics . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

Kappos L, Meier DP, Tomic T, Haring D, Bakshi R, Meinert R, Giovannoni G, Chitnis T ( 2019 ) . Predictors of Conversion to Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 447 - 447 .

Carrillo-Loza K, Reyes S, Bianchi L, Holden D, Espasandin M, Ammoscato F, Turner B, Schmierer K et al. ( 2019 ) . Real life Evidence for CSF Neurofilaments Light Chain in Clinical Practice . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

Arnold DL, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Hauser SL, Kappos L, Montalban X, Wolinsky JS, Coutant K et al. ( 2019 ) . Reduced Rate of Brain Atrophy in Patients With PPMS Receiving Ocrelizumab Earlier and Continuously Versus Those Initiating Ocrelizumab Later: Results of ORATORIO 5-Year Follow-Up . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

Arnold DL, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Hauser SL, Kappos L, Montalban X, Wolinsky JS, Coutant K et al. ( 2019 ) . Reduced rate of brain atrophy after 5 years of ocrelizumab treatment in patients with PPMS from the Phase III ORATORIO Trial . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 26 , 157 - 157 .

Wolinsky JS, Kappos L, Montalban X, Model F, Mehta L, Hubeaux S, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . Reduction in 48-Week Confirmed Disability Progression After 5.5 Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

Arnold DL, Giovannoni G, Cree BAC, Vermersch P, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Meier DP, Arnould S et al. ( 2019 ) . Relationship between grey matter atrophy, disability and cognition in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: analysis from the EXPAND study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 568 - 569 .

Lieberman DR, Giovannoni G, Cafferty F, Bianchi L, Gnanapavan S, Marta M, Altmann DR, Kapoor R ( 2019 ) . Seamless phase II-III adaptive trial design elements for progressive MS: Neurofilament light chain (phase II/interim endpoint), phase III endpoints and patient populations . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 600 - 600 .

Schippling S, Sormani MP, De Stefano N, Giovannoni G, Dangond F, Galazka A, Keller B, Alexandri N ( 2019 ) . Severity and frequency of relapses in patients with relapsing-remitting MS treated with cladribine tablets in CLARITY and placebo in CLARITY extension . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 26 , 857 - 858 .

Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Lechner-Scott J, Waubant E ( 2019 ) . Should our treatment target in MS include the intrathecal plasma cell response? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 27 , a1 - a2 .

Benedict R, Tomic D, Fox R, Cree B, Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Bar-Or A, Gold R et al. ( 2019 ) . Siponimod Improves Cognitive Processing Speed in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: EXPAND Subgroup Analyses . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , NP20 - NP21 .

Vermersch P, Gold R, Kappos L, Fox R, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Rouyrre N, Arnould S et al. ( 2019 ) . Siponimod delays the time to wheelchair in patients with SPMS: results from the EXPAND study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 55 - 56 .

Benedict R, Fox R, Tomic D, Cree B, Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Bar-or A, Gold R et al. ( 2019 ) . Siponimod improves cognitive processing speed in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: EXPAND subgroup analyses . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 26 , 868 - 868 .

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Keller B, Jack D ( 2019 ) . Sustained Efficacy in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Following Switch to Placebo Treatment from Cladribine Tablets in Patients with High Disease Activity (HDA) at Baseline . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 25 , 467 - 468 .

Reyes S, Suarez S, Allen-Philbey K, Thomson A, Giovannoni G ( 2019 ) . The Impact of Social Capital on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 92 ,

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Yeandle D, Rieckmann P, Giovannoni G, Alexandri N, Langdon D ( 2018 ) . Patient Power Revolution in Multiple Sclerosis: Navigating the New Frontier . Neurology and Therapy vol. 7 , ( 2 ) 179 - 187 .

Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . The unintended consequences of NICE . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 90 , ( 3 )

Mao Z, Álvarez-González C, Allen-Philbey K, De Trane S, Yildiz O, Campion T, Adams A, Turner BP et al. ( 2018 ) . Treating the ineligible: Disease modification in people with multiple sclerosis beyond NHS England commissioning policies . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 27 , 247 - 253 .

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-sorensen P, Keller B, Jack D ( 2018 ) . Clinical Efficacy Is Sustained in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Following Treatment Switch to Placebo from Cladribine Tablets in Patients with High Disease Activity at Baseline . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 26 ,

Arnold D, Banwell B, Bar-or A, Ghezzi A, Greenberg B, Waubant E, Giovannoni G, Wolinsky J et al. ( 2018 ) . Effects of Fingolimod on MRI Outcomes in Patients with Pediatric-onset Multiple Sclerosis: Results from the Phase 3 ParadigMS Study . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 26 ,

Schippling S, Sormani MP, De Stefano N, Giovannoni G, Galazka A, Keller B, Alexandri N ( 2018 ) . In Clarity the Severity and Frequency of Relapses are Lower in Patients with Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Cladribine Tablets Versus Placebo . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 26 ,

Hobart J, Bowen A, Pepper G, Crofts H, Eberhard L, Berger T, Boyko A, Boz C et al. ( 2018 ) . International consensus on quality standards for brain health-focused care in multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 25 , ( 13 ) 1809 - 1818 .

Kappos L, Vermersch P, Fox R, Bar-or A, Cree B, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Masior T et al. ( 2018 ) . Longer-term Safety with Siponimod Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis: Pooled Analysis of Data from the Bold and Expand Trials and their Extensions . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 26 , 255 - 256 .

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Soelberg-sorensen P, Keller B, Jack D ( 2018 ) . Lymphopenia Rates in Clarity/clarity Extension Are Unrelated to Disease Activity at Baseline . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 26 ,

Giovannoni G, Keller B, Jack D ( 2018 ) . No Evidence of Disease Activity-3 Status Is Durable in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Cladribine Tablets: Clarity Extension . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 26 , 259 - 260 .

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Syed S, Nolting A, Schick R ( 2018 ) . Updated Safety Analysis of Cladribine Tablets in the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders . vol. 26 ,

Lavorgna L, Brigo F, Moccia M, Leocani L, Lanzillo R, Clerico M, Abbadessa G, Schmierer K et al. ( 2018 ) . e-Health and multiple sclerosis: An update . Mult Scler vol. 24 , ( 13 ) 1657 - 1664 .

Waubant E, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M ( 2018 ) . Vaccines and disease-modifying treatments . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 26 , a1 - a2 .

Sorensen PS, Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Thalheim C, Zaratin P, Comi G ( 2018 ) . The Multiple Sclerosis Care Unit . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 25 , ( 5 ) 627 - 636 .

Wolinsky JS, Montalban X, Hauser SL, Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Bernasconi C, Deol‐Bhullar G, Garren H et al. ( 2018 ) . Evaluation of no evidence of progression or active disease (NEPAD) in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO trial . Annals of Neurology . vol. 84 , 527 - 536 .

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Sormani MP, De Stefano N, Giovannoni G, Langdon D, Piani-Meier D, Haering DA, Kappos L, Tomic D ( 2018 ) . Learning ability correlates with brain atrophy and disability progression in RRMS . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 90 , ( 1 )

Dobson R, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Multiple Sclerosis - a review . Eur J Neurol vol. 26 , 27 - 40 .

Levy M, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Waubant E ( 2018 ) . Refining the Nosology of Antigen-Specific Diseases Within the Spectrum of Neuromyelitis Optica . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 25 , ( JAMA Neurol. 2018 ) a1 - a2 .

Cook S, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F, Hicking C ( 2018 ) . THUR 192 Yearly lymphopenia rates in cladribine tablets-treated rms patients . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 89 , a27 - a28 .

Chitnis T, Arnold DL, Banwell B, Brück W, Ghezzi A, Giovannoni G, Greenberg B, Krupp L et al. ( 2018 ) . Trial of Fingolimod versus Interferon Beta-1a in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis . New England Journal of Medicine vol. 379 , ( 11 ) 1017 - 1027 .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . WED 182 Cladribine tablets effects on lymphocytes in ms patients . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 89 ,

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2018 ) . WED 184 Cladribine tablets in clarity patients with high disease activity ms . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 89 , a25 - a26 .

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2018 ) . WED 185 Clarity: mri outcomes in high disease activity relapsing ms . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 89 , a26 - a26 .

Stuve O, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Hyvert Y, Damian D, Boschert U ( 2018 ) . WED 186 Effect of cladribine tablets on immune cells in patients with ms . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 89 ,

BAKER D, GIOVANNONI G, PRYCE G, AMOR S, SCHMIERER K ( 2018 ) . Learning from other autoimmunities to understand targeting of B cells to control multiple sclerosis . Brain

Moneim J, Coles A, Giovannoni G, Horne R, Carr O ( 2018 ) . Women on multiple sclerosis clinical trial steering committees . Annals of Neurology vol. 84 , ( 2 ) 329 - 330 .

Connick P, De Angelis F, Parker RA, Plantone D, Doshi A, John N, Stutters J, MacManus D et al. ( 2018 ) . Multiple Sclerosis-Secondary Progressive Multi-Arm Randomisation Trial (MS-SMART): a multiarm phase IIb randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of three neuroprotective drugs in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis . BMJ Open vol. 8 , ( 8 )

BO XUENONG, GUSHCHINA S, PRYCE G, YIP P, WU D, PALLIER P, GIOVANNONI G, BAKER D ( 2018 ) . Increased expression of colony‐stimulating factor‐1 in mouse spinal cord with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis correlates with microglial activation and neuronal loss . Glia vol. 66 , ( 10 ) 2108 - 2125 .

Casha S, Rice T, Stirling DP, Silva C, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G, Hurlbert RJ, Yong VW ( 2018 ) . Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Human Spinal Cord Injury from a Phase II Minocycline Trial . Journal of Neurotrauma vol. 35 , ( 16 ) 1918 - 1928 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2018 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 24 , a1 - a2 .

Holden DW, Gold J, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Saxton JM, Carter A, Sharrack B ( 2018 ) . Epstein Barr virus shedding in multiple sclerosis: Similar frequencies of EBV in saliva across separate patient cohorts . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 25 , 197 - 199 .

Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Peripheral blood neurofilament light chain levels: the neurologist’s C-reactive protein? . Brain vol. 141 , ( 8 ) 2235 - 2237 .

Jacobs BM, Ammoscato F, Giovannoni G, Baker D, Schmierer K ( 2018 ) . Cladribine: mechanisms and mysteries in multiple sclerosis . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 89 , ( 12 )

Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2018 ) . Is cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis reversible? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 23 ,

Gold J, Marta M, Meier UC, Christensen T, Miller D, Altmann D, Holden D, Bianchi L et al. ( 2018 ) . A phase II baseline versus treatment study to determine the efficacy of raltegravir (Isentress) in preventing progression of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis as determined by gadolinium-enhanced MRI: The INSPIRE study . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 24 , 123 - 128 .

Mao Z, Álvarez-Gonzalez C, De Trane S, Yildiz O, Albor C, Doctor G, Soon D, Pepper G et al. ( 2018 ) . Cladribine: Off-label disease modification for people with multiple sclerosis in resource-poor settings? . Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical vol. 4 , ( 2 ) 2055217318783767 - 2055217318783767 .

Yildiz O, Mao Z, Adams A, Dubuisson N, Allen-Philbey K, Giovannoni G, Malaspina A, Baker D et al. ( 2018 ) . Disease activity in progressive multiple sclerosis can be effectively reduced by cladribine . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 24 , 20 - 27 .

Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Disease-modifying treatments for early and advanced multiple sclerosis . Current Opinion in Neurology vol. 31 , ( 3 ) 233 - 243 .

Marshall I, Thrippleton MJ, Bastin ME, Mollison D, Dickie DA, Chappell FM, Semple SIK, Cooper A et al. ( 2018 ) . Characterisation of tissue-type metabolic content in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study . Journal of Neurology vol. 265 , ( 8 ) 1795 - 1802 .

Fox E, Markowitz C, Applebee A, Montalban X, Wolinsky JS, Belachew S, Fiore D, Han J et al. ( 2018 ) . 033 Effect of ocrelizumab on upper limb function in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in the oratorio study (ENCORE) . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 89 ,

Cook S, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Dangond F, King J et al. ( 2018 ) . 039 Rates of lymphopenia in years 1–4 in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated annually with cladribine tablets . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 89 ,

Traboulsee A, Arnold D, Klawiter EC, Havrdova E, Fiore D, Zheng R, Julian L, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . 060 Association of brain volume loss and neda outcomes in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in the opera i and opera ii studies (ENCORE) . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 89 ,

Kappos L, Wolinsky JS, Giovannoni G, Arnold DL, Lublin F, Wang Q, Model F, Wei W et al. ( 2018 ) . 061 Ocrelizumab reduces disability progression independent of relapse activity in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) (ENCORE) . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 89 ,

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Jacobs BM, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2018 ) . No Evident Disease Activity-More Than a Risky Ambition? . JAMA Neurol

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Chitnis T, Giovannoni G, Trojano M ( 2018 ) . Complexity of MS management in the current treatment era . Neurology vol. 90 , ( 17 ) 761 - 762 .

Giovannoni G, Barkhof F, Hartung H-P, Cree B, Krieger S, Montalban X, Sormani MP, Uccelli A et al. ( 2018 ) . ARPEGGIO: a placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (S8.003) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Ceronie B, Dubuisson N, Jacobs BM, Mao Z, Ammoscato F, Lock H, Longhurst H, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2018 ) . Cladribine for the Effective Control of Multiple Sclerosis via Memory B Cell Depletion (S52.007) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Yang L, Taylor C ( 2018 ) . Delayed-release Dimethyl Fumarate Demonstrates Long-term, Sustained Efficacy in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis followed for at least Eight-Years (P6.382) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Cook S, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Rieckmann P, Soerensen PS, Vermersch P, Dangond F, Hicking C ( 2018 ) . Effectiveness of Lymphocyte-based Re-treatment Criteria in Minimizing the Incidence of Severe Sustained Lymphopenia during Treatment with Cladribine Tablets 3.5mg/kg (P5.370) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Banwell B, Arnold D, Bar-Or A, Ghezzi A, Greenberg B, Waubant E, Giovannoni G, Wolinsky J et al. ( 2018 ) . Effects of Fingolimod on MRI Outcomes in Patients with Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis: Results from Phase 3 PARADIGMS Study (S51.005) . Neurology vol. 90 , ( 15_supplement )

Benedict RH, Cree B, Tomic D, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Vermersch P et al. ( 2018 ) . Impact of Siponimod on Cognition in Patients With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Results From Phase 3 EXPAND Study (S44.004) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Soerensen PS, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Long-term Lymphocyte Counts in Patients with RRMS Treated with Cladribine Tablets 3.5 mg/kg: Total Lymphocytes, B-, and T-cell Subsets (P5.364) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Ceronie B, Dubuisson N, Ammoscato F, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2018 ) . Memory B Cells: Toward a Unified Therapeutic Target for Effective Immunotherapy in Multiple Sclerosis (P5.365) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Chang I, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Calabresi PA, Sandrock A, Chai Y, Zhu B, Castrillo-Viguera C et al. ( 2018 ) . Overall Response Score: A Novel Disability Endpoint That Allows for the Integrated Assessment of Improvement and Worsening over Time in Patients with MS (P4.380) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Mao Z, Alvarez-Gonzalez C, Yildiz O, Allen-Philbey K, Turner B, Gnananpavan S, Marta M, Mathews J et al. ( 2018 ) . Personalised dosing of cladribine for people with multiple sclerosis (P3.400) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Tomic D, Kappos L, Meier DP, Häring D, Meinert R, Giovannoni G, Chitnis T ( 2018 ) . Predictors of Conversion to Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in Patients With Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P2.393) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Sheikh S, Calabresi P, Giovannoni G, Kapoor R, Arnold DL, Chai Y, Zhu B, Castrillo-Viguera C et al. ( 2018 ) . Predictors of an Opicinumab Treatment Effect and Identification of an Efficacy Subpopulation: A Post hoc Analysis of the SYNERGY Study (P3.408) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Gold R, Radue E-W, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Stefoski D, Sprenger T et al. ( 2018 ) . Safety and Efficacy of Long-Term Treatment With Daclizumab Beta: 6-Year Results From the SELECTED Extension Study (P6.390) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Stuve O, Soerensen PS, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Hyvert Y, Damian D, Boschert U ( 2018 ) . Selective and Discontinuous Reduction of B and T Lymphocytes and NK Cells in Patients with Early and Relapsing MS (ORACLE-MS, CLARITY and CLARITY Extension) after Administration of Cladribine Tablets (P5.351) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Dubuisson N, Laws M, Paterson A, Turner B, Thomson A, Westcott M, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Self-monitoring visual function in Neurology (S16.008) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Reyes S, Allen-Philbey K, Suarez S, Yildiz Ö, Turner B, Gnanapavan S, Schmierer K, Marta M et al. ( 2018 ) . The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Treatment Choice in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. (P2.346) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Magnusson B, Rouyrre N et al. ( 2018 ) . Uncoupling the Impact on Relapses and Disability Progression: Siponimod in Relapsing and Non-relapsing Patients With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in the Phase III EXPAND Study (S8.005) . Neurology . vol. 90 ,

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Havrdová E, Bourkhis E ( 2018 ) . Absence de signes d’activité de la maladie avec le traitement par le daclizumab bêta versus l’interféron bêta-1a intramusculaire dans les sous-groupes de patients de l’étude DECIDE . Revue Neurologique vol. 174 ,

Levy M, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Waubant E ( 2018 ) . Editors’ Welcome Pregnancy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 21 , a1 - a2 .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Numération des cellules immunitaires innées chez les patients atteints de sclérose en plaques récurrente-rémittente (SEP-RR) traités par cladribine comprimés à la dose de 3,5mg/kg dans les études CLARITY/CLARITY Extension . Revue Neurologique vol. 174 ,

Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Dangond F, Hicking C ( 2018 ) . Proportions de patients atteints d’une forme très active de SEP récurrente ne présentant aucun signe d’activité de la maladie en réponse au traitement par cladribine comprimés dans l’étude CLARITY . Revue Neurologique vol. 174 ,

Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Dangond F, Hicking C ( 2018 ) . Résultats radiologiques obtenus avec cladribine comprimés dans des sous-groupes de patients atteints d’une forme active de sclérose en plaques récurrente dans l’étude CLARITY . Revue Neurologique vol. 174 ,

Lebrun-Frenay C, Kobelt G, Traboulsee A, Giovannoni G, in SBH ( 2018 ) . Sclérose en plaques : le temps compte. Recommandations d’un consensus international pour faciliter l’accès au diagnostic et aux traitements . Revue Neurologique vol. 174 , s88 - s89 .

Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree BAC, Fox RJ, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Arnold DL et al. ( 2018 ) . Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study . The Lancet vol. 391 , ( 10127 ) 1263 - 1273 .

Ceronie B, Jacobs BM, Baker D, Dubuisson N, Mao Z, Ammoscato F, Lock H, Longhurst HJ et al. ( 2018 ) . Cladribine treatment of multiple sclerosis is associated with depletion of memory B cells . Journal of Neurology vol. 265 , ( 5 ) 1199 - 1209 .

Küry P, Nath A, Créange A, Dolei A, Marche P, Gold J, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P et al. ( 2018 ) . Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Neurological Diseases . Trends in Molecular Medicine vol. 24 , ( 4 ) 379 - 394 .

Havrdová E, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Comi G, Hartung H-P, Kappos L, Lublin F, Selmaj K et al. ( 2018 ) . No evidence of disease activity (NEDA) analysis by epochs in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab vs interferon beta-1a . Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin vol. 4 , ( 1 ) 2055217318760642 - 2055217318760642 .

Kita M, Fox RJ, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Sarda SP, Kong J, Viglietta V et al. ( 2018 ) . Corrigendum to ‘Effects of Delayed-release Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) on Health-related Quality of Life in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: An Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies [Clinical Therapeutics 36 (2014) 1958–1971] . Clinical Therapeutics vol. 40 , ( 5 )

Keddie S, Adams A, Kelso ARC, Turner B, Schmierer K, Gnanapavan S, Malaspina A, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2018 ) . No laughing matter: subacute degeneration of the spinal cord due to nitrous oxide inhalation . Journal of Neurology vol. 265 , ( 5 ) 1089 - 1095 .

Fernández O, Delvecchio M, Edan G, Fredrikson S, Giovannoni G, Hartung H, Havrdova E, Kappos L et al. ( 2018 ) . Survey of diagnostic and treatment practices for multiple sclerosis (MS) in Europe. Part 2: Progressive MS, paediatric MS, pregnancy and general management . European Journal of Neurology vol. 25 , ( 5 ) 739 - 746 .

Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2018 ) . Are the high-costs of MS disease-modifying therapies justified? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 20 , a3 - a5 .

Hawkes C, Giovannoni G, Levy M, Waubant E ( 2018 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 20 , ( Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 2018 ) a1 - a2 .

Noyce AJ, Dickson J, Rees RN, Bestwick JP, Isaias IU, Politis M, Giovannoni G, Warner TT et al. ( 2018 ) . Dopamine reuptake transporter–single‐photon emission computed tomography and transcranial sonography as imaging markers of prediagnostic Parkinson's disease . Movement Disorders vol. 33 , ( 3 ) 478 - 482 .

Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Soelberg Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Adeniji AK, Dangond F, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Long-term effects of cladribine tablets on MRI activity outcomes in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: the CLARITY Extension study . Ther Adv Neurol Disord vol. 11 , 1756285617753365 - 1756285617753365 .

Sormani M, Giovannoni G, Wolff R, Duffy S, Kinter E, Wakeford C, Hyde R, Kleijnen J et al. ( 2018 ) . VP167 Comparison Of Methodology In Mixed Treatment Comparisons Of Treatments For Multiple Sclerosis . International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care vol. 33 , ( S1 ) 226 - 226 .

Dubuisson N, Baker D, Kang AS, Pryce G, Marta M, Visser LH, Hofmann WE, Gnanapavan S et al. ( 2018 ) . Alemtuzumab depletion failure can occur in multiple sclerosis . Immunology vol. 154 , ( 2 ) 253 - 260 .

John N, Solanky B, DeAngelis F, Stutters J, Prados F, Plantone D, Tur C, Doshi A et al. ( 2018 ) . A neurometabolic profile of SPMS: the relationship between brain metabolites and clinical disability . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 72 - 72 .

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Keller B, di Cantogno EV ( 2018 ) . An exploratory analysis of the efficacy of cladribine tablets 3.5mg/kg in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis stratified according to age above and below 45 years in the CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 681 - 682 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Hicking C et al. ( 2018 ) . Analysis of Relapse Rates and Relapse-Free Patients in the CLARITY and CLARITY Extension Studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 396 - 396 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Hicking C et al. ( 2018 ) . Analysis of relapse rates and relapse-free patients in the CLARITY and CLARITY Extension studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , NP4 - NP5 .

Schippling S, Sormani MP, De Stefano N, Giovannoni G, Galazka A, Keller B, Alexandri N ( 2018 ) . CLARITY: an analysis of severity and frequency of relapses in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets or placebo . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 258 - 259 .

De Trane S, Mao Z, Alvarez-Gonzalez C, Allen-Philbey K, Yildiz O, Campion T, Adams A, Turner BP et al. ( 2018 ) . Cladribine personalised dosing in people with MS (n>200) - four years experience in clinical care .

Stuve O, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Hyvert Y, Damian D, Boschert U ( 2018 ) . Cladribine tablets produce selective and discontinuous reduction in B and T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in patients with early and relapsing multiple sclerosis (ORACLE-MS, CLARITY and CLARITY extension) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , NP6 - NP6 .

Stuve O, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Hyvert Y, Damian D, Boschert U ( 2018 ) . Cladribine tablets produce selective and discontinuous reduction of B and T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in patients with early and relapsing Multiple Sclerosis . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 527 - 527 .

Giovannoni G, Keller B, Jack D ( 2018 ) . Durability of NEDA-3 status in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis receiving cladribine tablets: CLARITY extension . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 479 - 480 .

Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Lublin F, Waubant E ( 2018 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 19 , a1 - a2 .

Fox EJ, Markowitz C, Applebee A, Montalban X, Wolinsky JS, Belachew S, Fiore D, Pei J et al. ( 2018 ) . Effect of Ocrelizumab on Severe Progression of Upper Extremity Impairment in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in ORATORIO . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 33 - 34 .

Cook S, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F, Hicking C ( 2018 ) . Effectiveness of Lymphocyte-Based Re-Treatment Criteria in Minimizing the Incidence of Severe Sustained Lymphopenia with Cladribine Tablets 3.5 mg/kg . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 49 - 49 .

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2018 ) . Efficacy of Cladribine Tablets 3.5 mg/ kg in High Disease Activity (HDA) Subgroups of Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) in the CLARITY Study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 396 - 397 .

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2018 ) . Efficacy of cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg in high disease activity (HDA) subgroups of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) in the CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , NP6 - NP6 .

Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Damian D, Dangond F ( 2018 ) . Efficacy of cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg in patients with highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS): Pooled analysis of the double-blind cohort from CLARITY and ONWARD . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 332 - 332 .

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2018 ) . Efficacy of cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg in patients ≤50 and >50 years of age with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): a post hoc analysis from CLARITY . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 331 - 331 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rieckmann P, Rammohan K, Soelberg-Soerensen P, Vermersch P, Martin E et al. ( 2018 ) . Efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in the 120-week extension to the CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , NP6 - NP7 .

Yildiz O, Mao Z, Adams A, Dubuisson N, Allen-Philbey K, Giovannoni G, Malaspina A, Baker D et al. ( 2018 ) . Elevated neurofilament light chain levels in progressive multiple sclerosis effectively reduced by cladribine treatment . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 949 - 949 .

Hobart J, Bowen A, Eberhard L, Pepper G, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Engaging Multiple Stakeholder Groups in the Development of Standards for Multiple Sclerosis Care: A Modified Delphi Process . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 111 - 112 .

Traboulsee A, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Hauser SL, Kappos L et al. ( 2018 ) . Evaluation of No Evidence of Progression or Active Disease (NEPAD) in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis in the OPERA I and OPERA II Trials . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 17 - 17 .

Montalban X, Wolinsky J, Kappos L, Hauser SL, Giovannoni G, de Seze J, Bar-Or A, Masterman D et al. ( 2018 ) . Evaluation of no evidence of progression or active disease (NEPAD) in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , NP10 - NP10 .

Jacobs B, Ammoscato F, Ceronie B, Xenakis T, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2018 ) . Explaining long-term depletion of memory B lymphocytes after cladribine treatment . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 894 - 894 .

Giovannoni G, Brex P, Walters E, Al-Izki S, Dhiraj D, Schmierer K ( 2018 ) . Glatiramer acetate slows disability progression - final 10-year results from UK Risk Sharing Scheme . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 728 - 729 .

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Berger J, Cutter G, Fox RJ, Wiendl H, Chang I, Kasliwal R et al. ( 2018 ) . Incidence of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and its relationship with the pattern of natalizumab exposure over time . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 296 - 296 .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Innate immune cell counts in patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) treated with cladribine tablets 3.5mg/kg in CLARITY and CLARITY extension . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 528 - 528 .

Hobart J, Bowen A, Eberhard L, Pepper G, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . International consensus on quality standards for multiple sclerosis care: results from a modified Delphi process . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 430 - 430 .

Kuhle J, Barro C, Hrusovsky K, Chang L, Jeromin A, Bridel C, Bar-Or A, Bittner S et al. ( 2018 ) . International multi-site analytical validation of the Simoa NF-light assay in human serum samples from multiple sclerosis patients . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 249 - 251 .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Long-Term Lymphocyte Counts in Patients with RRMS Treated with Cladribine Tablets (CT) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 397 - 397 .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Long-Term Lymphocyte Counts in Patients with RRMS Treated with Cladribine Tablets 3.5 Mg/Kg: Total Lymphocytes, B-, and T-Cell Subsets . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 48 - 49 .

Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Adeniji AK, Dangond F, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Long-term effects of cladribine tablets on MRI activity outcomes in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: the CLARITY Extension study . THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS vol. 11 , 1 - 11 .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Long-term lymphocyte counts in patients with RRMS treated with cladribine tablets . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , NP4 - NP4 .

Kappos L, Vermersch P, Fox R, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Masior T et al. ( 2018 ) . Longer-term safety with Siponimod treatment in multiple sclerosis: pooled analysis of data from the BOLD and EXPAND trials and their extensions . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 491 - 492 .

Cook S, Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Keller B, Jack D ( 2018 ) . Lymphopenia rates in CLARITY/CLARITY extension are unrelated to disease activity at baseline . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 478 - 479 .

Schippling S, Centonze D, Giovannoni G, di Cantogno EV ( 2018 ) . MS in the 21st Century mapping study identifying the global educational offerings for multiple sclerosis patients . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 970 - 971 .

Chataway J, De Angelis F, Connick P, Parker R, Plantone D, Doshi A, John N, Stutters J et al. ( 2018 ) . MS-SMART Trial: a multi-arm phase 2b randomised, double blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of three neuroprotective drugs in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis [NCT01910259] . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 986 - 987 .

Thomson A, Aldam R, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2018 ) . Making science digestible: the development of educational activities for children with a parent with MS, and the need to better engage families . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 972 - 972 .

Doshi A, De Angelis F, Muhlert N, Stutters J, Eshaghi A, Prados F, Plantone D, John N et al. ( 2018 ) . Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale and brain volume are independent predictors of cognitive impairment in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 69 - + .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . Neutrophil and Monocyte Cell Numbers Remained Within Normal Limits in Patients with RRMS Treated with Cladribine Tablets 3.5 Mg/Kg (CLARITY/CLARITY EXT.) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 39 - 39 .

Chang I, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Calabresi PA, Sandrock A, Chai Y, Zhu B, Castrillo-Viguera C et al. ( 2018 ) . Overall Response Score: A Novel Disability Endpoint That Allows for the Integrated Assessment of Improvement and Worsening over Time in Patients with MS . NEUROLOGY . vol. 90 ,

Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Hicking C, Dangond F ( 2018 ) . Pooled analysis of the efficacy of cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg in patients with EDSS ≥3.5 or . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 329 - 329 .

Allen-Philbey K, Lee QM, Francis M, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K, Turner B ( 2018 ) . Real-world experience of the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of dimethyl fumarate in Barts Health MS cohort . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 276 - 277 .

Kappos L, Wolinsky JS, Giovannoni G, Arnold DL, Wang Q, Bernasconi C, Model F, Manfrini M et al. ( 2018 ) . Relapse-associated worsening and progression independent of relapse activity in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in the Phase III OPERA I and OPERA II studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 256 - 257 .

Chang I, Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Calabresi PA, Zhu B, Sheikh S, Hyde R, Deykin A et al. ( 2018 ) . Relationship between overall response score of disability in MS with patient-reported outcome SF-36 . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 512 - 513 .

Auger S, Rack D, Bestwick J, Giovannoni G, Lees A, Schrag A, Noyce A ( 2018 ) . Risk estimation in the years preceding diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in the PREDICT-PD cohort . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 33 , S773 - S774 .

Butzkueven H, Spelman T, Horakova D, Slee M, Hughes S, Solaro C, Izquierdo G, Sola P et al. ( 2018 ) . Risk of Becoming Wheelchair-Confined in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Data from the ORATORIO Trial and a Long-Term Real-World Cohort from MSBase Registry . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 320 - 321 .

Gold R, Radue E-W, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Stefoski D, Sprenger T et al. ( 2018 ) . Safety and Efficacy of Long-Term Treatment With Daclizumab Beta: 6-Year Results From the SELECTED Extension Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 90 ,

Stuve O, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Hyvert Y, Damian D, Boschert U ( 2018 ) . Selective and Discontinuous Reduction of B and T Lymphocytes and NK Cells by Cladribine Tablets in Patients with Early and Relapsing MS . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 397 - 398 .

Stuve O, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Giovannoni G, Leist TP, Hyvert Y, Damian D, Boschert U ( 2018 ) . Selective, Discontinuous Reduction of B and T Lymphocytes and NK Cells in Patients with Early, Relapsing MS after administration . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 38 - 38 .

Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Tomic D, Magnusson B et al. ( 2018 ) . Siponimod affects disability progression in SPMS patients independent of relapse activity: results from the phase III EXPAND study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 70 - 71 .

Benedict RH, Cree B, Tomic D, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Bar-or A, Gold R, Vermersch P et al. ( 2018 ) . Siponimod improves cognitive processing speed in patients with SPMS: Results from Phase 3 EXPAND Study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 432 - 432 .

De Angelis F, Stutters J, Eshaghi A, Garcia A, Prados F, Plantone D, Doshi A, John NA et al. ( 2018 ) . Spinal cord area is a stronger predictor of physical disability than brain volume in secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 25 , 23 - 23 .

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Keller B, Jack D ( 2018 ) . Sustained efficacy in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis following switch to placebo treatment from cladribine tablets in patients with high disease activity at baseline . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 268 - 269 .

Allen-Philbey K, Yildiz O, Raciborska D, Stennett A, Mathews J, Turner B, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2018 ) . Systematic multidimensional clinical point-of-care monitoring of people with multiple sclerosis using 3test . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 569 - 569 .

Chitnis T, Arnold DL, Banwell B, Bruck W, Ghezzi A, Giovannoni G, Greenberg B, Krupp LB et al. ( 2018 ) . The Paradigms Study: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Fingolimod Versus Interferon β-1a in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Aged 10 to < 18 Years . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 21 - 22 .

Giovannoni G ( 2018 ) . What are the implications of retrospectively applying the 2017 McDonald MS diagnostic criteria to patients with CIS? . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 24 , 330 - 330 .

Shribman S, Hasan H, Hadavi S, Giovannoni G, Noyce AJ ( 2017 ) . The BRAIN test: a keyboard-tapping test to assess disability and clinical features of multiple sclerosis . Journal of Neurology vol. 265 , ( 2 ) 285 - 290 .

Allen-Philbey K, Albor C, Raciborska D, Turner B, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2017 ) . PO109 Is there an ethnicity bias of access to multiple services in the nhs? – the barts health experience . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Ziemssen T, Ma W, Fam S ( 2017 ) . PO111 Daclizumab efficacy in highly active rrms: select/decide . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Havrdova E, Khatri BO, Gauthier SA, Greenberg SJ, Wang P, Giannattasio G ( 2017 ) . PO114 Neda achievement by time interval with daclizumab . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Dubuisson N, Bauer A, Marta M, Gnanapavan S, Turner B, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K et al. ( 2017 ) . PO124 Validation of an environmentally-friendly and affordable cardboard 9-hole peg test . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, de Seze J, Hemmer B, Montalban X, Belachew S, Bernasconi C et al. ( 2017 ) . PO127 Composite confirmed disability progression in oratorio . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

de Seze J, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Kappos L, Lublin F, Wolinsky J, Li C et al. ( 2017 ) . PO128 Infusion-related reactions with ocrelizumab in rms and ppms . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Havrdová E, Kappos L, Lublin F, Traboulsee A, Belachew S et al. ( 2017 ) . PO129 Neda analysis by epoch in the opera studies of ocrelizumab . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Mao Z, Alvarez-Gonzalez C, Allen-Philbey K, Mathews J, Turner BP, Gnanapavan S, Marta M, Baker D et al. ( 2017 ) . PO134 Personalised dosing of cladribine to treat multiple sclerosis . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . PO135 Cladribine tablets in rrms: lymphocyte counts . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Hicking C et al. ( 2017 ) . PO136 Durable efficacy of cladribine tablets: clarity+extension . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 , a48 - a48 .

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2017 ) . PO137 Efficacy of cladribine tablets in high disease activity rms . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2017 ) . PO138 High disease activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis (rms) . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Schmierer K, Herrod S, Alvarez-Gonzalez C, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2017 ) . PO149 A new perspective on autoimmunity after alemtuzumab . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Schmierer K, Marta M, Pryce G, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2017 ) . PO150 Memory b cells are key for immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 , a52 - a52 .

Shafei R, Fourali S, Hateley S, Dubuisson N, Davidson H, Turner B, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2017 ) . PO151 Infections in patients with multiple sclerosis on alemtuzumab – should antibiotic prophylaxis be standard? . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Group: MOTMITSCS, Rieckmann P, Centonze D, Elovaara I, Giovannoni G, Havrdová E, Kesselring J, Kobelt G et al. ( 2017 ) . Unmet needs, burden of treatment, and patient engagement in multiple sclerosis: A combined perspective from the MS in the 21st Century Steering Group . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 19 , 153 - 160 .

Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Personalized medicine in multiple sclerosis . Neurodegenerative Disease Management vol. 7 , ( 6s ) 13 - 17 .

Waubant E, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2017 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 18 , a1 - a2 .

Baker D, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2017 ) . Marked neutropenia: significant but rare in people with multiple sclerosis after alemtuzumab treatment . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Cohan S, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Wiendl H, Selmaj K, Havrdová EK, Rose J, Greenberg S et al. ( 2017 ) . Efficacy of daclizumab beta versus intramuscular interferon beta-1a on disability progression across patient demographic and disease activity subgroups in DECIDE . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 24 , ( 14 ) 1883 - 1891 .

Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Cladribine to Treat Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis . Neurotherapeutics vol. 14 , ( 4 ) 874 - 887 .

Lublin F, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Waubant E ( 2017 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 17 , a1 - a2 .

Dubuisson N, Paterson A, Turner B, Westcott M, Thomson A, Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Self-monitoring visual function via a smartphone application . Journal of the Neurological Sciences . vol. 381 ,

Dobson R, Cock HR, Brex P, Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Vitamin D supplementation . Practical Neurology vol. 18 , ( 1 )

Giovannoni G, Wiendl H, Turner B, Umans K, Mokliatchouk O, Castro-Borrero W, Greenberg SJ, McCroskery P et al. ( 2017 ) . Circulating lymphocyte levels and relationship with infection status in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis treated with daclizumab beta . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 24 , ( 13 ) 1725 - 1736 .

Giovannoni G, Sorensen PS, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Comi G, Dangond F, Adeniji AK et al. ( 2017 ) . Safety and efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: Results from the randomized extension trial of the CLARITY study . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 24 , ( 12 ) 1594 - 1604 .

Havrdova E, Arnold DL, Cohen JA, Hartung H-P, Fox EJ, Giovannoni G, Schippling S, Selmaj KW et al. ( 2017 ) . Alemtuzumab CARE-MS I 5-year follow-up: Durable efficacy in the absence of continuous MS therapy . Neurology vol. 89 , ( 11 ) 1107 - 1116 .

Coles AJ, Cohen JA, Fox EJ, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Schippling S, Selmaj KW et al. ( 2017 ) . Alemtuzumab CARE-MS II 5-year follow-up: Efficacy and safety findings . Neurology vol. 89 , ( 11 ) 1117 - 1126 .

Dubuisson N, Bauer A, Buckley M, Gilbert R, Paterson A, Marta M, Gnanapavan S, Turner B et al. ( 2017 ) . Validation of an environmentally-friendly and affordable cardboard 9-hole peg test . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 17 , 172 - 176 .

Hawkes C, Giovannoni G, Lublin F, Waubant E ( 2017 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 16 , a1 - a2 .

Baker D, Herrod SS, Alvarez-Gonzalez C, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2017 ) . Interpreting Lymphocyte Reconstitution Data From the Pivotal Phase 3 Trials of Alemtuzumab . JAMA Neurol vol. 74 , ( 8 ) 961 - 969 .

Fernández Ó, Giovannoni G, Fox RJ, Gold R, Phillips JT, Potts J, Okwuokenye M, Marantz JL ( 2017 ) . Efficacy and Safety of Delayed-release Dimethyl Fumarate for Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Prior Interferon Users: An Integrated Analysis of DEFINE and CONFIRM . Clinical Therapeutics vol. 39 , ( 8 ) 1671 - 1679 .

Giovannoni G, Bermel R, Phillips T, Rudick R ( 2017 ) . A brief history of NEDA . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 20 , 228 - 230 .

Kobelt G, Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Tackling comorbidity in multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 17 , 144 - 145 .

BAKER D ( 2017 ) . Big conductance calcium-activated potassium channel openers control spasticity without sedation . British Journal of Pharmcology

Pakpoor J, Goldacre R, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G, Waubant E, Goldacre MJ ( 2017 ) . Psychiatric disorders in children with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 24 , ( 9 ) 1243 - 1250 .

Dubuisson N, Baker D, Thomson A, Marta M, Gnanapavan S, Turner B, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2017 ) . Disease modification in advanced MS: Focus on upper limb function . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 23 , ( 14 ) 1956 - 1957 .

Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Waubant E, Lublin F ( 2017 ) . The ‘Field Hypothesis’: rebound activity after stopping disease-modifying therapies . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 15 , a1 - a2 .

Lee PR, Johnson TP, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G, Wang T, Steiner JP, Medynets M, Vaal MJ et al. ( 2017 ) . Protease-activated receptor-1 activation by granzyme B causes neurotoxicity that is augmented by interleukin-1β . J Neuroinflammation vol. 14 , ( 1 ) 131 - 131 .

Rose JW, Giovannoni G, Wiendl H, Gold R, Havrdová E, Kappos L, Selmaj KW, Zhao J et al. ( 2017 ) . Consistent efficacy of daclizumab beta across patient demographic and disease activity subgroups in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 17 , 32 - 40 .

Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . The neurodegenerative prodrome in multiple sclerosis . The Lancet Neurology vol. 16 , ( 6 ) 413 - 414 .

Dubuisson N, Puentes F, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S ( 2017 ) . Science is 1% inspiration and 99% biomarkers . Multiple Sclerosis vol. 23 , ( 11 ) 1442 - 1452 .

Alvarez-Gonzalez C, Adams A, Mathews J, Turner BP, Giovannoni G, Baker D, Schmierer K ( 2017 ) . Cladribine to treat disease exacerbation after fingolimod discontinuation in progressive multiple sclerosis . Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Can we afford not to prevent MS-related disability? . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 23 , ( 8 ) 1048 - 1049 .

Koch MW, Cutter GR, Giovannoni G, Uitdehaag BMJ, Wolinsky JS, Davis MD, Steinerman JR, Knappertz V ( 2017 ) . Comparative utility of disability progression measures in PPMS: Analysis of the PROMiSe data set . Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm vol. 4 , ( 4 ) e358 - e358 .

Wolinsky J, Montalban X, Kappos L, Hauser S, Giovannoni G, de Seze J, Bar-Or A, Masterman D et al. ( 2017 ) . Evaluation of no evidence of progression or active disease (nepad) in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the oratorio trial . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 88 ,

Absoud M, Brex P, Ciccarelli O, Diribe O, Giovannoni G, Hellier J, Howe R, Holland R et al. ( 2017 ) . A multicentre randomiSed controlled TRial of IntraVEnous immunoglobulin compared with standard therapy for the treatment of transverse myelitis in adults and children (STRIVE) . Health Technology Assessment vol. 21 , ( 31 ) 1 - 50 .

BAKER D, Giovannoni G, Sefia E, Pryce G, Meier U ( 2017 ) . Depletion of CD20 B cells fails to inhibit relapsing mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Waubant E, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2017 ) . Editors' welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 14 , a1 - a2 .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Absolute lymphocyte count recovery in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg in CLARITY and CLARITY Extension (P5.379) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Schippling S, Traboulsee A, Barnett M, Comi G, De Sèze J, Giovannoni G, Pelletier D, Rovira A et al. ( 2017 ) . Alemtuzumab Suppresses MRI Disease Activity Over 6 Years in the Absence of Continuous Treatment in Patients With Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and an Inadequate Response to Prior Therapy: CARE-MS II (P5.339) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Chitnis T, Arnold D, Banwell B, Brück W, Ghezzi A, Giovannoni G, Greenberg B, Krupp L et al. ( 2017 ) . Baseline Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Enrolled in the PARADIGMS Study: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Fingolimod versus Interferon-β-1a (P1.347) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2017 ) . Defining High Disease Activity (HDA) in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) Receiving Placebo in the CLARITY Study (P6.351) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Steinerman JR, Davis MD, Knappertz V, Giovannoni G, Wolinsky JS ( 2017 ) . Disability Progression and Cerebrospinal Fluid Status in PPMS: Re-Analysis of the ProMiSe Clinical Trial Data Set (P2.354) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Arnold DL, Barnett M, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Pelletier D, Rovira A, Schippling S, Van Wijmeersch B et al. ( 2017 ) . Durable Reduction in MRI Disease Activity With Alemtuzumab in the Absence of Continuous Treatment in Patients With Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Who Were Treatment-Naive: 6-Year Follow-up of the CARE-MS I Study (S10.002) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P, Hicking C et al. ( 2017 ) . Durable efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis: analysis of relapse rates and relapse-free patients in the CLARITY and CLARITY Extension studies (P6.353) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2017 ) . Efficacy of Cladribine Tablets 3.5 mg/kg in High Disease Activity (HDA) Subgroups of Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) in the CLARITY Study (P6.360) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Xiao J, Taylor C ( 2017 ) . Efficacy of Delayed-release Dimethyl Fumarate at Seven-Year Follow-up in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Integrated Analysis of DEFINE, CONFIRM and ENDORSE (P6.352) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Arnould S et al. ( 2017 ) . Efficacy of Siponimod in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Results of the Phase 3 Study (CT.002) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Wolinsky J, Montalban X, Kappos L, Hauser S, Giovannoni G, de Seze J, Bar-Or A, Masterman D et al. ( 2017 ) . Evaluation of No Evidence of Progression or Active Disease (NEPAD) in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in the ORATORIO Trial (P4.384) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Kobelt G, Hobart J, Alexander M, Bowen A, Butzkueven H, Giovannoni G, Kenny T, Ziemssen T ( 2017 ) . Maximizing brain health in multiple sclerosis: a quality improvement framework (P3.371) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Miravalle A, Cohan S, Umans K, Fam S ( 2017 ) . Return of MS Disease Activity after Daclizumab Discontinuation Did Not Exceed Baseline Levels in SELECT/SELECTION Studies (P2.400) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Fox R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Pohlmann H et al. ( 2017 ) . Safety and Tolerability of Siponimod in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (S33.007) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Steiner D, Sellebjerg F, Cohan S, Jeffery D, Rog D, Chen Y, Dong Q et al. ( 2017 ) . Sustained Disability Improvement as Assessed by a Multicomponent Endpoint in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) Patients: A Post Hoc Analysis from ASCEND (P5.359) . Neurology . vol. 88 ,

Thomson A, Raciborska D, Baker D, Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . How to start a blog . Pract Neurol vol. 17 , ( 3 ) 224 - 228 .

Giovannoni G, Tomic D, Bright JR, Havrdová E ( 2017 ) . "No evident disease activity": The use of combined assessments in the management of patients with multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis vol. 23 , ( 9 ) 1179 - 1187 .

Lublin F, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Waubant E ( 2017 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 13 ,

Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox RJ, Kappos L, Phillips JT, Okwuokenye M, Marantz JL ( 2017 ) . Effect of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on no evidence of disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: integrated analysis of the phase III DEFINE and CONFIRM studies . Eur J Neurol vol. 24 , ( 5 ) 726 - 733 .

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Havrdová E, Greenberg S, Wang P, Giannattasio G, Bourkhis E ( 2017 ) . Absence de signes d’activité de la maladie selon la période avec un traitement par daclizumab versus interféron bêta-1a dans l’étude DECIDE . Revue Neurologique vol. 173 ,

Vermesch P, Giovannoni G, Havrdová E, Kappos L, Belachew S, Han J, Hauser SL ( 2017 ) . Analyse de l’absence d’activité clinique et IRM (NEDA) par périodes chez les patients atteints de SEP-R traités par ocrelizumab. Résultats des études de phase III : OPERA I et OPERA II . Revue Neurologique vol. 173 , s117 - s118 .

Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Martin E, Dangond F, EXTENSION GDCC ( 2017 ) . Efficacité clinique de Cladribine comprimés (CC) chez les patients atteints de récurrente-rémittente (SEP-RR) : résultats finaux de l’étude d’extension de Phase IIIb à 120 semaines de l’étude CLARITY . Revue Neurologique vol. 173 ,

Noyce AJ, Schrag A, Masters JM, Bestwick JP, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ ( 2017 ) . Subtle motor disturbances in PREDICT-PD participants . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 88 , ( 3 ) 212 - 217 .

Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Hicking C, Adeniji A, Dangond F, group CCES ( 2017 ) . Éfficacité durable de Cladribine comprimés chez les patients atteints de (SEP) : analyse des taux de poussées et des patients sans poussées dans les études CLARITY et CLARITY Extension . Revue Neurologique vol. 173 ,

Dobson R, Kuhle J, Middeldorp J, Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Epstein-Barr-negative MS: a true phenomenon? . Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm vol. 4 , ( 2 ) e318 - e318 .

Hawkes C, Giovannoni G, Lublin F, Waubant E ( 2017 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 12 , a1 - a2 .

Noyce AJ, R'Bibo L, Peress L, Bestwick JP, Adams-Carr KL, Mencacci NE, Hawkes CH, Masters JM et al. ( 2017 ) . PREDICT-PD: An online approach to prospectively identify risk indicators of Parkinson's disease . Mov Disord vol. 32 , ( 2 ) 219 - 226 .

GIOVANNONI G ( 2017 ) . Serum neurofilament is associated with progression of brain atrophy and disability in early MS . Neurology

Baker D, Marta M, Pryce G, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2017 ) . Memory B Cells are Major Targets for Effective Immunotherapy in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis . EBioMedicine vol. 16 , 41 - 50 .

De Stefano N, Giorgio A, Battaglini M, De Leucio A, Hicking C, Dangond F, Giovannoni G, Sormani MP ( 2017 ) . Reduced brain atrophy rates are associated with lower risk of disability progression in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets . Multiple Sclerosis1352458517690269 - 1352458517690269 .

Giovannoni G, Cutter G, Pia-Sormani M, Belachew S, Hyde R, Koendgen H, Knappertz V, Tomic D et al. ( 2017 ) . Is multiple sclerosis a length-dependent central axonopathy? The case for therapeutic lag and the asynchronous progressive MS hypotheses . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 12 , 70 - 78 .

Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Should we rebrand multiple sclerosis a dementia? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 12 , 79 - 81 .

von Kutzleben S, Pryce G, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2017 ) . Depletion of CD52‐positive cells inhibits the development of central nervous system autoimmune disease, but deletes an immune‐tolerance promoting CD8 T‐cell population. Implications for secondary autoimmunity of alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis . Immunology vol. 150 , ( 4 ) 444 - 455 .

Middleton RM, Rodgers WJ, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K, Dobson R, Allen-Philbey K, Patterson A, Akbari A et al. ( 2017 ) . A Comparison of participant supplied EDSS scores and clinically submitted data via the UK MS Register . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 153 - 154 .

Baker D, Kang AS, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2017 ) . A central role of B cells in MS control and causing autoimmunity after alemtuzumab . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 336 - 336 .

Kolodny S, Giovannoni G, Grinspan A, Hartung H-P, Cree BAC, Barkhof F, Uccelli A, Sormani MP et al. ( 2017 ) . ARPEGGIO: Design of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate Oral Laquinimod in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 335 - 336 .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Dangond F, Hicking C, Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Absolute lymphocyte count recovery in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg in CLARITY and CLARITY Extension . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , NP12 - NP12 .

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Havrdova E, Khatri B, Chiodo L, Mokliatchouk O, Riester K, Giannattasio G ( 2017 ) . Achievement of no evidence of disease activity with daclizumab beta versus intramuscular interferon beta-1a treatment across patient subgroups in DECIDE . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 338 - 339 .

Coles AJ, Cohen JA, Fox EJ, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Schippling S, Selmaj KW et al. ( 2017 ) . Alemtuzumab CARE-MS II 5-year follow-up Efficacy and safety findings . NEUROLOGY vol. 89 , ( 11 ) 1117 - 1126 .

Schippling S, Traboulsee A, Barnett M, Comi G, De Seze J, Giovannoni G, Pelletier D, Rovira A et al. ( 2017 ) . Alemtuzumab Suppresses MRI Disease Activity Over 6 Years in the Absence of Continuous Treatment in Patients With Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and an Inadequate Response to Prior Therapy: CARE-MS II . NEUROLOGY . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, de Seze J, Kappos L, Montalban X, Hauser SL, Belachew S, Bernasconi C, Buffels R et al. ( 2017 ) . An exploratory analysis of the risk of being restricted to wheelchair in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO trial . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 24 , 494 - 494 .

Traboulsee A, Arnold DL, Klawiter EC, Havrdova E, Fiore D, Zheng H, Julian L, Giovannoni G ( 2017 ) . Association of brain volume loss and NEDA outcomes in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in the OPERA I and OPERA II studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 389 - 390 .

Noyce A, Dickson J, Bestwick J, Isaias I, Politis M, Giovannoni G, Warner T, Lees A et al. ( 2017 ) . Associations of DAT SPECT and TCS with prodromal features of Parkinson's disease: Results in PREDICT-PD participants . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 32 ,

Puentes F, Giovannoni G, Kuhle J ( 2017 ) . Autoantibodies to neurofilament light protein as a potential biomarker of treatment response and disease progression in multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 291 - 291 .

Dubuisson N, Lycke J, Axelsson M, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S ( 2017 ) . CSF NCAM levels are modulated by highly-active DMTs . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 24 , 596 - 596 .

Metcalfe SM, Giovannoni G, Pan W, Banks WA ( 2017 ) . Can the BBB be targeted for treatment of MS? Evidence that IL-6 is actively transported across the BBB in vivo by an IL-6 specific transporter reveals a novel target linked to inflammatory immunity . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 995 - 995 .

Ceronie B, Zhifeng M, Ammoscato F, Lock H, Longhurst HJ, Giovannoni G, Baker D, Schmierer K ( 2017 ) . Cladribine controls multiple sclerosis via memory B cell depletion . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 1011 - 1012 .

Mao Z, Alvarez-Gonzalez C, Allen-Philbey K, Turner B, Gnanapavan S, Marta M, Mathews J, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2017 ) . Cladribine personalised dosing to treat multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 609 - 609 .

Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Dangond F et al. ( 2017 ) . Cladribine tablets in high disease activity (HDA) subgroups from the CLARITY study of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 24 , 203 - 204 .

Stuve O, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Giovannoni G, Leist T, Hyvert Y, Damian D, Boschert U ( 2017 ) . Cladribine tablets produce selective and discontinuous reduction of B and T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in patients with early and relapsing multiple sclerosis (ORACLE-MS, CLARITY and CLARITY Extension) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 335 - 336 .

Nagy A, Hardaker E, Bestwick J, Giovannoni G, Warner T, Lees A, Schrag A, Noyce A ( 2017 ) . Cognition in the PREDICT-PD Cohort . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 32 ,

Ziemssen T, Giovannoni G, Wiendl H, Greenberg S, Wang P, Aquino P, Giannattasio G ( 2017 ) . Consistent effects of daclizumab in disease-modifying therapy (DMT)-naive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients in DECIDE . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 24 , 657 - 658 .

Giovannoni G, Ziemssen T, Ma W, Fam S ( 2017 ) . Daclizumab HYP efficacy on disease outcome measures using an expanded definition of highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results from SELECT and DECIDE . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 154 - 155 .

Soelberg-Sorensen P, Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P, Hicking C et al. ( 2017 ) . Durable efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis: analysis of relapse rates and relapse-free patients in the CLARITY and CLARITY Extension studies . NEUROLOGY . vol. 88 ,

Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F, Waubant E ( 2017 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 11 , a1 - a2 .

Fox EJ, Markowitz C, Applebee A, Montalban X, Wolinsky JS, Belachew S, Fiore D, Han J et al. ( 2017 ) . Effect of ocrelizumab on upper limb function in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 658 - 659 .

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Fox R, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Pohlmann H et al. ( 2017 ) . Effects of siponimod on MRI outcomes in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of the phase 3 EXPAND study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 23 , 34 - 35 .

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May Y, Li Y, Raffel J, Craner M, Hemingway C, Giovannoni G, Overell J, Hyde R et al. ( 2016 ) . OPTIMISE - A Web-Based Solution for Recording and Analyzing Longitudinal Multiple Sclerosis Data (P2.116) . Neurology . vol. 86 ,

Coles A, Arnold D, Cohen J, Fox E, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Selmaj K et al. ( 2016 ) . Patients with Active RRMS and an Inadequate Response to Prior Therapy Demonstrate Durable Improvements in Relapse and Disability Following Treatment with Alemtuzumab: 5-Year Follow-Up of the CARE-MS II Study (P3.022) . Neurology . vol. 86 ,

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Raftopoulos R, Hickman S, Toosy A, Sharrack B, Mallik S, Paling D, Altmann D, Yiannakas M et al. ( 2016 ) . Prognostic Factors Associated with Axonal Loss after Optic Neuritis . NEUROLOGY . Conference: AAN vol. 86 ,

Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Rammohan K, Soelberg-Soerensenn P, Vermersch P, Martin E, Dangond F et al. ( 2016 ) . Safety and Tolerability of Cladribine Tablets in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS): Final Results fro the 120-Week Phase IIIb Extension Trial to the CLARITY Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

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Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sørensenn P, Vermersch P, Hicking C, Dangond F, Giovannoni G ( 2016 ) . Slowing of Disability Progression Based on 6-Month Confirmed EDSS in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Treated with Cladribine Tablets in the CLARITY Study: A Post-Hoc Subgroup Analysis (P3.058) . Neurology . vol. 86 ,

Giovannoni G, Butzkueven H, Dhib-Jalbut S, Hobart J, Kobelt G, Pepper G, Sormani MP, Thalheim C et al. ( 2016 ) . Time Matters in Multiple Sclerosis - International Consensus Recommendations on Diagnosis, Management and Treatment Access . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Giovannoni G, Butzkueven H, Dhib-Jalbut S, Hobart J, Kobelt G, Pepper G, Sormani MP, Thalheim C et al. ( 2016 ) . Time Matters in Multiple Sclerosis - International Consensus Recommendations on Diagnosis, Management and Treatment Access (P1.340) . Neurology . vol. 86 ,

Limmroth V, Giovannoni G, Arnold D, Cohen J, Coles A, Fox E, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E et al. ( 2016 ) . Treatment-Naive Patients with Active RRMS Demonstrate Durable Improvements in Relapse and Disability Following Treatment with Alemtuzumab: 5-Year Follow-Up of the CARE-MS I Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

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Nissim A . COMBINATORIAL ANTIBODY PHAGE DISPLAY LIBRARIES CONSTRUCTED FROM B-CELLS INFILTRATING BRAIN TISSUE OF PEOPLE WITH PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS .

De Seze J, Arnold D, Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Sauter A, Chin P, Wolinsky J ( 2016 ) . Efficacité et sécurité de l’ocrelizumab chez les patients atteints de sclérose en plaques primaire progressive : résultats d’ORATORIO, étude de phase III, en double-insu, contrôlée par placebo . Revue Neurologique vol. 172 ,

Matthews PM, Roncaroli F, Waldman A, Sormani MP, De Stefano N, Giovannoni G, Reynolds R ( 2016 ) . A practical review of the neuropathology and neuroimaging of multiple sclerosis . Practical Neurology vol. 16 , ( 4 )

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2016 ) . Editors' Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 6 , a1 - a2 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Zhang A, Marantz JL ( 2016 ) . Sustained Effect of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: 6-Year Interim Results From an Extension of the DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies . Neurology and Therapy vol. 5 , ( 1 ) 45 - 57 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Marantz JL, Yang M, Lee A ( 2016 ) . Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate and disability assessed by the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite: Integrated analysis of DEFINE and CONFIRM . Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational and Clinical vol. 2 ,

Marrie RA, Miller A, Sormani MP, Thompson A, Waubant E, Trojano M, O'Connor P, Reingold S et al. ( 2016 ) . The challenge of comorbidity in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis . Neurology vol. 86 , ( 15 ) 1437 - 1445 .

Giovannoni G ( 2016 ) . How long is the presymptomatic phase of multiple sclerosis? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 7 , 12 - 13 .

Marrie RA, Miller A, Sormani MP, Thompson A, Waubant E, Trojano M, O'Connor P, Fiest K et al. ( 2016 ) . Recommendations for observational studies of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis . Neurology vol. 86 , ( 15 ) 1446 - 1453 .

Hegen H, Adrianto I, Lessard CJ, Millonig A, Bertolotto A, Comabella M, Giovannoni G, Guger M et al. ( 2016 ) . Cytokine profiles show heterogeneity of interferon-β response in multiple sclerosis patients . Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation vol. 3 , ( 2 )

Raftopoulos R, Hickman SJ, Toosy A, Sharrack B, Mallik S, Paling D, Altmann DR, Yiannakas MC et al. ( 2016 ) . Phenytoin for neuroprotection in patients with acute optic neuritis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial . The Lancet Neurology vol. 15 , ( 3 ) 259 - 269 .

Radue E-W, Sprenger T, Vollmer T, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Havrdova E, Selmaj K, Stefoski D et al. ( 2016 ) . Daclizumab high‐yield process reduced the evolution of new gadolinium‐enhancing lesions to T1 black holes in patients with relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis . European Journal of Neurology vol. 23 , ( 2 ) 412 - 415 .

Topping J, Dobson R, Lapin S, Maslyanskiy A, Kropshofer H, Leppert D, Giovannoni G, Evdoshenko E ( 2016 ) . The effects of intrathecal rituximab on biomarkers in multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 6 , 49 - 53 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Marantz JL, Yang M, Lee A ( 2016 ) . Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate and disability assessed by the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite: Integrated analysis of DEFINE and CONFIRM . Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical . vol. 2 ,

Havrdova E, Baum K, Hartung H-P, Giovannoni G, Margolin DH, Thangavelu K, Wiendl H ( 2016 ) . A Cohort of CARE-MS I patients had no evidence of disease activity over 4 years following 2 courses of alemtuzumab and no further treatment . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 23 , 815 - 815 .

Masters JM, Noyce AJ, Lynham S, Warner TT, Giovannoni G, Proctor GB ( 2016 ) . A comprehensive characterisation of the salivary proteome of patients with Parkinson's disease . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 31 , S238 - S239 .

Davis A, Turner B, Ramadhan M, Albor C, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G ( 2016 ) . A multi-centre audit to describe the burden of bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 23 , 531 - 531 .

Montalban X, Hemmer B, Rammohan KW, Giovannoni G, De Seze J, Bar-Or A, Arnold DL, Sauter A et al. ( 2016 ) . A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in PPMS . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 17 - 17 .

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Havrdova E, Khatri BO, Gauthier SA, Greenberg SJ, Wang P, Giannattasio G ( 2016 ) . Achievement of no evidence of disease activity by time interval with daclizumab HYP versus intramuscular interferon beta-1a treatment in DECIDE . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 317 - 318 .

Inshasi JS, Al Jumah M, Alroughani R, Compston DAS, Filippi M, Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Yamout B et al. ( 2016 ) . Alemtuzumab-treated patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis demonstrate durable slowing of brain volume loss over 5 years with most not receiving treatment for 4 years-CARE-MS I and II extension study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , NP7 - NP7 .

Giovannoni G, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, De Seze J, Hemmer B, Montalban X, Rammohan KW, Belachew S et al. ( 2016 ) . An exploratory analysis of 12-and 24-week composite confirmed disability progression in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 371 - 372 .

Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Bhasin P et al. ( 2016 ) . Baseline Subgroup Characteristics of EXPAND: A Phase 3 Study of Siponimod (BAF312) for the Treatment of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Montalban X, Hicking C, Dangond F ( 2016 ) . Benefits of cladribine tablets on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis: analysis of pooled double-blind data from the CLARITY and ONWARD studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 304 - 304 .

Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Hicking C, Dangond F ( 2016 ) . Benefits of cladribine tablets on relapse rates and disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis: analysis of pooled double-blind data from the CLARITY and ONWARD studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 305 - 305 .

Giovannoni G, Montalban X, Hicking C, Dangond F ( 2016 ) . Benefits of cladribine tablets on the achievement of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) status in patients with multiple sclerosis: analysis of pooled double-blind data from the CLARITY and ONWARD studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 303 - 304 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rieckmann P, Rammohan K, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Adeniji A et al. ( 2016 ) . Benefits of cladribine tablets on the proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis free from clinical and radiological indicators of disease activity in the CLARITY EXTENSION study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 300 - 301 .

Noyce AJ, Schrag A, Masters J, Bestwick JP, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ ( 2016 ) . Blinded video assessment of subtle Parkinsonian signs in PREDICT-PD participants . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 31 , S506 - S506 .

Giovannoni G, Butzkueven H, Costello K, Dhib-Jalbut S, Hobart J, Kobelt G, Pepper G, Sormani MP et al. ( 2016 ) . Brain health: time matters in multiple sclerosis - developmental process and objectives of international consensus policy recommendations . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 23 , 669 - 670 .

de Stefano N, Giorgio A, Battaglini M, De Leucio A, Giovannoni G, Hicking C, Dangond F, Sormani MP ( 2016 ) . Cladribine effect on brain volume loss and its correlation with disability progression in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 216 - 217 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rieckmann P, Rammohan K, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Martin E et al. ( 2016 ) . Clinical efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): final results from the 120-week Phase IIIb extension trial to the CLARITY study . SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY . vol. 146 , 79S - 79S .

Fox E, Arnold D, Cohen J, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Selmaj K, Limmroth V et al. ( 2016 ) . Durable Efficacy in RRMS Patients Receiving Two Annual Courses of Alemtuzumab and No Additional Treatment for 4 Years: Pooled Analysis of CARE-MS I and II . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Arnold DL, Barnett M, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Pelletier D, Rovira A, Schippling S, Van Wijmeersch B et al. ( 2016 ) . Durable reduction in MRI disease activity with alemtuzumab in treatment-naive patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 6-year follow-up of the CARE-MS I study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 329 - 329 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2016 ) . Editors' Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 5 ,

de Stefano N, Giorgio A, Battaglini M, Giovannoni G, Hicking C, Dangond F, Sormani MP ( 2016 ) . Effect of cladribine tablets on brain atrophy rates in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): exploratory analysis of the CLARITY study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 23 , 532 - 532 .

Bennett J, Cree B, Leist T, Moses H, Giovannoni G, Tsao C, Zhao J, Pan G et al. ( 2016 ) . Effects of Daclizumab on Accumulation of Disability Exclusive of Acute Relapse in Moderately/Severely Disabled Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Neurophysical Composite Outcome from the DECIDE Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Giovannoni G ( 2016 ) . Efficacy and Safety of Existing and Emerging Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis . European Neurological Review vol. 11 , ( 2 )

Montalban X, Hemmer B, Rammohan K, Giovannoni G, De Seze J, Bar-Or A, Arnold D, Sauter A et al. ( 2016 ) . Efficacy and Safety of Ocrelizumab in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Results of the Phase III Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled ORATORIO Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Arnould S et al. ( 2016 ) . Efficacy and safety of siponimod in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis - Results of the placebo controlled, double-blind, Phase III EXPAND study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 828 - 829 .

Phillips JT, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Fox R, Potts J, Soman T, Marantz J ( 2016 ) . Efficacy of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Using a Composite Measure of Disability: Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Cohan S, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Wiendl H, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Rose J, Greenberg SJ et al. ( 2016 ) . Efficacy of daclizumab HYP vs intramuscular interferon beta-1a on 24-week sustained disability progression using a modified multiple sclerosis functional composite . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 295 - 296 .

Fernandez O, Giovannoni G, Fox RJ, Gold R, Phillips JT, Potts J, Marantz JL ( 2016 ) . Efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in prior interferon users with low clinical disease activity-Integrated analysis of the phase 3 define and confirm studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , NP3 - NP3 .

Phillips JT, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Fox RJ, Potts J, Marantz JL ( 2016 ) . Efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in newly diagnosed patients with relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis using a composite measure of disability-Integrated analysis of the phase 3 define and confirm studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , NP3 - NP4 .

Freedman MS, Kappos L, Cree BAC, Radue E-W, Giovannoni G, Ritter S, Meier DP, Tomic D ( 2016 ) . Efficacy of fingolimod on no evidence of disease activity (NEDA)-4 in pooled FREEDOMS and FREEDOMS II studies by subgroups of baseline characteristics . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , NP21 - NP21 .

Wolinsky JS, Arnold D, Bar-Or A, de Seze J, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Rammohan KW, Sauter A et al. ( 2016 ) . Efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with PPMS with and without T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions at baseline in a Phase III, placebo-controlled trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 67 - 68 .

Wolinsky J, Arnold D, Bar-or A, de Seze J, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Rammohan K, Sauter A et al. ( 2016 ) . Efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with primary progressive MS with and without T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions at baseline in a Phase III, placebo-controlled trial . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 23 , 56 - 56 .

Montalban X, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, De Seze J, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Rammohan K, Masterman D et al. ( 2016 ) . Evaluation of no evidence of progression using composite disability outcome measures, in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 50 - 51 .

R'Bibo L, Mencacci NE, Schrag A, Bestwick JP, Peress L, Masters J, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ et al. ( 2016 ) . Exploring association of GBA variants with pre-diagnostic features of PD in the PREDICT-PD cohort: A nested case-control study . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 31 , S125 - S125 .

Hobart J, Alexander M, Bowen A, Butzkueven H, Giovannoni G, Kenny T, Kobelt G, Ziemssen T ( 2016 ) . Implementing quality recommendations in multiple sclerosis care - a strategic approach to improve brain health . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 638 - 638 .

Arroyo Gonzalez R, Dive D, Dreyer M, Hupperts RMM, LaGanke C, Lycke J, Moreau T, Singer B et al. ( 2016 ) . Improvements in quality of life over 5 years with alemtuzumab are associated with confirmed disability improvement in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who had an inadequate response to prior therapy (CARE-MS II) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 382 - 383 .

Hartung H-P, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Comi G, de Seze J, Giovannoni G, Hauser SL, Hemmer B et al. ( 2016 ) . Infections and serious infections with ocrelizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis and primary progressive multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 658 - 659 .

Montalban X, Arnold D, Bar-or A, de Seze J, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Rammohan K, Mairon N et al. ( 2016 ) . Infusion-related reactions in the Phase III double-blind, placebo-controlled ORATORIO study of ocrelizumab in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 23 , 410 - 410 .

De Seze J, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Hauser SL, Hemmer B, Kappos L et al. ( 2016 ) . Infusion-related reactions with ocrelizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis and primary progressive multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 351 - 352 .

Plantone D, Solanky B, Miller D, Pavitt S, Giovannoni G, Wheeler-Kingshott CG, De Angelis F, Doshi A et al. ( 2016 ) . Initial cross-sectional MR spectroscopy analysis of a cohort of secondary progressive MS patients enrolled in the MS-SMART trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 512 - 513 .

Giovannoni G ( 2016 ) . Is multiple sclerosis a length-dependent central axonopathy . IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE vol. 185 , S176 - S176 .

Giovannoni G, Arnold D, Cohen J, Coles A, Fox E, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Selmaj K et al. ( 2016 ) . Long-Term Responders from the CARE-MS I Study: No Evidence of Disease Activity for 4 Years Following 2 Courses of Alemtuzumab and No Further Treatment . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Connick P, Miller D, Pavitt S, Giovannoni G, Wheeler-Kingshott C, Weir C, Stallard N, Hawkins C et al. ( 2016 ) . MS-SMART trial design and recruitment status: a multi-arm phase IIB randomised double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of three repositioned neuroprotective drugs in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 630 - 631 .

Comi G, Giovannoni G, Cook S, Rieckmann P, Rammohan K, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Martin E et al. ( 2016 ) . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with cladribine tablets: results from the 120-week Phase IIIb extension of the CLARITY study . SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY . vol. 146 , 77S - 77S .

Vermersch P, Gold R, Holloway C, Rovira A, Giovannoni G, Toumi M ( 2016 ) . Multi-stakeholder Colloquium – Opportunities and Challenges in Multiple Sclerosis Management . European Neurological Review vol. 11 , ( 1 )

Giovannoni G, Craveiro L ( 2016 ) . Múltipa brain health initiative: Time matters in MS . Sinapse vol. 16 , ( 2 ) 5 - 12 .

Kappos L, Stefano ND, Sormani MP, Giovannoni G, Haring D, Tomic D, Meier DP, Chitnis T ( 2016 ) . NEDA as a predictor of conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 638 - 639 .

Giovannoni G, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Comi G, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Kappos L, Lublin F et al. ( 2016 ) . NEDA epoch analysis of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab: Results from OPERA I and OPERA II, phase III studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 837 - 838 .

May Y, Li Y, Raffel J, Craner M, Hemingway C, Giovannoni G, Overell J, Hyde R et al. ( 2016 ) . OPTIMISE - A Web-Based Solution for Recording and Analyzing Longitudinal Multiple Sclerosis Data . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

De Angelis F, Cameron J, Connick P, Miller D, Pavitt S, Giovannoni G, Wheeler-Kingshott CG, Plantone D et al. ( 2016 ) . Optical coherence tomography in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a baseline data report from the MS-SMART trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 250 - 251 .

Chitnis T, Arnold DL, Banwell B, Brueck W, Ghezzi A, Giovannoni G, Greenberg B, Krupp L et al. ( 2016 ) . PARADIGMS baseline characteristics: a randomised, double-blind study of fingolimod in paediatric patients with multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 102 - 103 .

Osborne CW, Bestwick J, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Schrag A, Noyce A ( 2016 ) . Participant feedback in the PREDICT-PD study . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 31 , S594 - S594 .

Coles A, Arnold D, Cohen J, Fox E, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Selmaj K et al. ( 2016 ) . Patients with Active RRMs and an Inadequate Response to Prior Therapy Demonstrate Durable Improvements in Relapse and Disability Following Treatment with Alemtuzumab: 5-Year Follow-Up of the CARE-MS II Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

LaGanke C, Berkovich R, Fernandez O, Fox E, Wiendl H, Margolin D, Thangavelu K, Giovannoni G ( 2016 ) . Patients with RRMS Who Had an Inadequate Response to a Prior Therapy Demonstrated Durable Improvement in EDSS Functional Systems Scores Over 5 Years with Alemtuzumab . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Gafson AR, Nicholas R, Giovannoni G, Matthews PM ( 2016 ) . Plasma cytokine concentration changes in multiple sclerosis patients after treatment with dimethyl fumarate . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 670 - 671 .

Finnegan T, Giovannoni G ( 2016 ) . Progressive multiple sclerosis: effectiveness of a medical education activity in improving the knowledge of novel approaches to treatment . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 370 - 370 .

Cook S, Comi G, Rieckmann P, Rammohan K, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Martin E, Dangond F et al. ( 2016 ) . Safety and tolerability of cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): final results from the 120-week Phase IIIb extension trial to the CLARITY study . SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY . vol. 146 , 78S - 78S .

Nourbakhsh B, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G, Julian L, Spain RI, Kuhle J, Waubant E ( 2016 ) . Serum neurofilament light chain levels are associated with cognitive and disability measures in patients with very early MS: a longitudinal study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 9 - 9 .

Disanto G, Adiutori R, Dobson R, Martinelli V, Costa GD, Runia T, Evdoshenko E, Thouvenot E et al. ( 2016 ) . Serum neurofilament light chain levels are increased in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY vol. 87 , ( 2 ) 126 - 129 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Xiao J, Taylor C, Marantz JL ( 2016 ) . Seven-year follow-up of the efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in newly diagnosed patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: integrated analysis of DEFINE, CONFIRM, and ENDORSE . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 296 - 297 .

Kapoor R, Steiner D, Miller A, Giovannoni G, Cohan S, Gold R, Rog D, Ho P-R et al. ( 2016 ) . Subgroup analyses of natalizumab treatment response in ASCEND, a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase 3 clinical trial in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 874 - 875 .

Giovannoni G, Steiner D, Sellebjerg F, Cohan S, Jeffery D, Rog D, Chen Y, Dong Q et al. ( 2016 ) . Sustained disability improvement in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) assessed by a multicomponent endpoint: a post hoc analysis from the ASCEND study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 671 - 672 .

Sormani MP, de Stefano N, Giovannoni G, Langdon DW, Meier DP, Haring DA, Tomic D, Kappos L ( 2016 ) . The value of PASAT short-term training: Only a, practice effect' or does it tell us more about MS? . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 651 - 652 .

Sormani MP, Giovannoni G ( 2016 ) . Therapeutic lag: is treatment effect delayed in progressive MS? . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 77 - 77 .

Giovannoni G, Butzkueven H, Dhib-Jalbut S, Hobart J, Kobelt G, Pepper G, Sormani MP, Thalheim C et al. ( 2016 ) . Time Matters in Multiple Sclerosis - International Consensus Recommendations on Diagnosis, Management and Treatment Access . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Giovannoni G, Butzkueven H, Dhib-Jalbut S, Hobart J, Kobelt G, Pepper G, Pepper G, Thalheim C et al. ( 2016 ) . Time matters in multiple sclerosis-International consensus policy recommendations on diagnosis, management, and treatment access . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , NP16 - NP16 .

Limmroth V, Giovannoni G, Arnold D, Cohen J, Coles A, Fox E, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E et al. ( 2016 ) . Treatment-Naive Patients with Active RRMS Demonstrate Durable Improvements in Relapse and Disability Following Treatment with Alemtuzumab: 5-Year Follow-Up of the CARE-MS I Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 86 ,

Schippling S, Rovira A, Giovannoni G, Arnold DL, Traboulsee A, Margolin DH, Thangavelu K, Filippi M ( 2016 ) . Treatment-naive patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis at baseline demonstrate slowing of brain volume loss with alemtuzumab: 5-year outcomes from the CARE-MS I extension study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 23 , 824 - 825 .

Thomson A, Baker D, Giovannoni G ( 2016 ) . Using social media to communicate with people affected by multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 22 , 691 - 692 .

Ziemssen T, Derfuss T, de Stefano N, Giovannoni G, Palavra F, Tomic D, Vollmer T, Schippling S ( 2015 ) . Optimizing treatment success in multiple sclerosis . Journal of Neurology vol. 263 , ( 6 ) 1053 - 1065 .

Cohen J, Belova A, Selmaj K, Wolf C, Sormani MP, Oberyé J, van den Tweel E, Mulder R et al. ( 2015 ) . Equivalence of Generic Glatiramer Acetate in Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial . JAMA Neurology vol. 72 , ( 12 ) 1 - 9 .

Noyce A, Bestwick J, Mencacci N, Hawkes C, Hardy J, Giovannoni G, Lees A, Schrag A ( 2015 ) . PREDICT-PD: Identifying Risk of Parkinson's disease in the Community . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 30 , 1989 - 1989 .

Masters JM, Bestwick J, Warner TT, Giovannoni G, Proctor GB, Noyce AJ ( 2015 ) . Systematic review and meta‐analysis of salivary protein concentration in Parkinson's disease . Movement Disorders vol. 30 , ( 14 ) 1971 - 1972 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2015 ) . Editors' Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 6 ) a1 - a2 .

Bove R, White CC, Giovannoni G, Glanz B, Golubchikov V, Hujol J, Jennings C, Langdon D et al. ( 2015 ) . Evaluating more naturalistic outcome measures . Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation vol. 2 , ( 6 )

Coles A, Giovannoni G, Moreau T, Havrdova E, Margolin D, Kasten L, Singer B ( 2015 ) . ALEMTUZUMAB IMPROVES 3-YEAR QUALITY OF LIFE IN CARE-MS II . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 86 ,

Thomson A, Davis A, Paterson A, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2015 ) . DESIGNING AN INFORMATION RESOURCE TO EXPLAIN DIAGNOSTIC LUMBAR PUNCTURE AND PROMOTE BEST PRACTICE . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 86 ,

Masters J, Noyce A, Giovannoni G, Warner T, Proctor G ( 2015 ) . ELEVATED SALIVARY DJ-1 IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED SALIVARY SECRETION . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 86 ,

Chataway J, Chandran S, Miller D, Giovannoni G, Wheeler-Kingshott C, Pavitt S, Stallard N, Hawkins C et al. ( 2015 ) . THE MS-SMART TRIAL IN SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A MULTI-ARM, MULTI-CENTRE TRIAL OF NEUROPROTECTION . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 86 ,

Davis A, Dobson R, Kaninia S, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2015 ) . Atraumatic needles for lumbar puncture: why haven't neurologists changed? . Practical Neurology vol. 16 , ( 1 )

Phillips JT, Selmaj K, Gold R, Fox RJ, Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Abourjaily H, Pace A et al. ( 2015 ) . Clinical Significance of Gastrointestinal and Flushing Events in MS Patients Treated With Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate . International Journal of MS Care vol. 17 , ( 5 ) 236 - 243 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2015 ) . Editors' Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 5 ) a1 - a2 .

Masters JM, Noyce AJ, Warner TT, Giovannoni G, Proctor GB ( 2015 ) . Elevated salivary protein in Parkinson's disease and salivary DJ-1 as a potential marker of disease severity . Parkinsonism & Related Disorders vol. 21 , ( 10 ) 1251 - 1255 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2015 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 4 ) a1 - a3 .

Scolding N, Barnes D, Cader S, Chataway J, Chaudhuri A, Coles A, Giovannoni G, Miller D et al. ( 2015 ) . Association of British Neurologists: revised (2015) guidelines for prescribing disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis . Practical Neurology vol. 15 , ( 4 )

Kappos L, Radue E-W, Comi G, Montalban X, Butzkueven H, Wiendl H, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P et al. ( 2015 ) . Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod . Neurology vol. 85 , ( 1 ) 29 - 39 .

Absoud M, Gadian J, Hellier J, Brex PA, Ciccarelli O, Giovannoni G, Kelly J, McCrone P et al. ( 2015 ) . Protocol for a multicentre randomiSed controlled TRial of IntraVEnous immunoglobulin versus standard therapy for the treatment of transverse myelitis in adults and children (STRIVE) . BMJ Open vol. 5 , ( 5 )

Noyce AJ, Mencacci NE, Schrag A, Bestwick JP, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Hardy J ( 2015 ) . Web‐based assessment of Parkinson's prodromal markers identifies GBA variants . Movement Disorders vol. 30 , ( 7 ) 1002 - 1003 .

Giovannoni G, Turner B, Gnanapavan S, Offiah C, Schmierer K, Marta M ( 2015 ) . Is it time to target no evident disease activity (NEDA) in multiple sclerosis? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 4 ) 329 - 333 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2015 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 3 )

Lu CH, Macdonald-Wallis C, Gray E, Pearce N, Petzold A, Norgren N, Giovannoni G, Fratta P et al. ( 2015 ) . Neurofilament light chain: A prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 22 ) 2247 - 2257 .

Lu C-H, Petzold A, Topping J, Allen K, Macdonald-Wallis C, Clarke J, Pearce N, Kuhle J et al. ( 2015 ) . Plasma neurofilament heavy chain levels and disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from a longitudinal study . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 86 , ( 5 ) 565 - 573 .

Thomson A, Rivas C, Giovannoni G ( 2015 ) . Multiple sclerosis outpatient future groups: improving the quality of participant interaction and ideation tools within service improvement activities . BMC Health Services Research vol. 15 , ( 1 )

McCarthy CL, Giovannoni G, Coles AJ ( 2015 ) . Timing is everything in the treatment of multiple sclerosis . BMJ Case Reports vol. 2015 ,

Brinar V, Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Twyman C, Sharrack B, Ziemssen T, Baldinetti F, Rizzo M et al. ( 2015 ) . A Phase 3b/4 Long-Term Study of Alemtuzumab in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: TOPAZ Study Design (P7.219) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Barkhof F, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Cree B, Uccelli A, Sormani MP, Krieger S, Uitdehaag B et al. ( 2015 ) . ARPEGGIO: A randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate oral laquinimod in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) (P7.210) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Montalban X, Hemmer B, Rammohan K, Giovannoni G, De Seze J, Bar-Or A, Arnold D, Sauter A et al. ( 2015 ) . Baseline Demographics and Disease Characteristics from ORATORIO, a Phase III Trial Evaluating Ocrelizumab in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (P7.017) . Neurology . vol. 84 ,

Phillips J, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Fox R, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya N ( 2015 ) . Clinical Efficacy of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate in Newly Diagnosed Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Highly Active Disease: An Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies (P7.228) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Koch M, Steinerman J, Knappertz V, Sasson N, Giovannoni G, Cutter G, Wolinsky J ( 2015 ) . Comparative utility of different progression metrics in PPMS: re-analysis of the PROMiSe clinical trial dataset (P7.237) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Arnold D, Coles A, Fox E, Hartung H-P, Selmaj K, Margolin D et al. ( 2015 ) . Durable Effect of Alemtuzumab on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Who Relapsed on Prior Therapy: 4-Year Follow-up of CARE-MS II (P7.276) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Compston A, Giovannoni G, Arnold D, Fox E, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Selmaj K, Margolin D et al. ( 2015 ) . Durable Effect of Alemtuzumab on Clinical Outcomes in Treatment-Naive Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Four-Year Follow-up of CARE-MS I (S4.007) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

LaGanke C, Hughes B, Berkovich R, Cohen J, Giovannoni G, Kasten L, Margolin D, Havrdova E ( 2015 ) . Durable Effect of Alemtuzumab on Disability Improvement in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Who Relapsed on a Prior Therapy (P3.261) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox R, Kappos L, Phillips JT, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya N ( 2015 ) . Effect of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate on No Evident Disease Activity in Newly Diagnosed Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: An Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies (P7.247) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Fernandez O, Giovannoni G, Fox R, Gold R, Phillips JT, Okwuokenye M, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya N ( 2015 ) . Efficacy of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate for RRMS in Prior Interferon Users in the DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies (P7.231) . Neurology . vol. 84 ,

Fox E, Giovannoni G, Arnold D, Coles A, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Selmaj K, Margolin D et al. ( 2015 ) . Improvement in Clinical Outcomes Following Switch From Subcutaneous Interferon Beta-1a to Alemtuzumab: CARE-MS II Extension Study (P7.278) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Hartung H-P, Giovannoni G, Arnold D, Coles A, Fox E, Havrdova E, Selmaj K, Margolin D et al. ( 2015 ) . Improvement in Clinical Outcomes in Treatment-Naive Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Who Switched From Subcutaneous Interferon Beta-1a to Alemtuzumab (P7.270) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Kita M, Cohen J, Moreau T, Havrdova E, Arroyo-Gonzalez R, Herbert J, Kasten L, Margolin D et al. ( 2015 ) . Improvement in Disability With Alemtuzumab Is Associated With Quality of Life Improvement Over 3 Years in Patients Who Relapsed on Prior Therapy (P3.260) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Radue E-W, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Stefoski D, Sprenger T, Montalban X et al. ( 2015 ) . Long-Term Efficacy of Daclizumab HYP in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: 3 Year Results from the SELECTED Extension Study (P7.226) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Stefoski D, Radue E-W, Sprenger T, Montalban X et al. ( 2015 ) . Long-Term Safety of Daclizumab HYP in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: 3-4 Year Results from the SELECTED Extension Study (P7.225) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Bar-Or A, Hutchinson M, Gold R, Fox R, Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Potts J, Kurukulasuriya N ( 2015 ) . Long-term Efficacy of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis According to Prior Therapy: Integrated Analysis of the DEFINE, CONFIRM, and ENDORSE Studies (P7.229) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox R, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya N ( 2015 ) . Long-term Efficacy of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate in Newly Diagnosed Patients with RRMS: An Integrated Analysis of DEFINE, CONFIRM, and ENDORSE (P7.227) . Neurology . vol. 84 ,

Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Gold R, Fox R, Kappos L, Phillips JT, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya N ( 2015 ) . Long-term Follow-up of the Effect of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate on No Evidence of Disease Activity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (P7.280) . Neurology . vol. 84 ,

Giovannoni G, Belachew S, Dong Q, Rudick R, Mikol D, Shang S ( 2015 ) . Natalizumab Reduces Total Disability Burden Relative to Placebo in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Regardless of the Occurrence of Relapses or Confirmed Disability Progression or Improvement over 2 Years in the AFFIRM Study (P7.244) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Kita M, Kappos L, Fox R, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Sarda S, Okwuokenye M et al. ( 2015 ) . Quality of Life in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate: A Three-Year Interim Analysis of ENDORSE (P7.236) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Raftopoulos R, Chen C-L, Hickman S, Toosy A, Wheeler-Kingshott C, Altmann D, Mallik S, Paling D et al. ( 2015 ) . Swelling of the Outer Retinal Layers in Acute Optic Neuritis (P4.042) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Pakpoor J, Goldacre R, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G, Goldacre M ( 2015 ) . Testicular Hypofunction and Multiple Sclerosis Risk: A Record-Linkage Study (P1.101) . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 14_supplement )

Kuhle J, Disanto G, Lorscheider J, Stites T, Chen Y, Dahlke F, Francis G, Shrinivasan A et al. ( 2015 ) . Fingolimod and CSF neurofilament light chain levels in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . Neurology vol. 84 , ( 16 ) 1639 - 1643 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2015 ) . Editors’ welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 2 ) 93 - 94 .

Steele S, Freitag A, McGettigan P, Giovannoni G, Pollock AM ( 2015 ) . A guide to private prescribing . Prescriber vol. 26 , ( 6 ) 19 - 23 .

Marta M, Santos E, Coutinho E, Silva AM, Correia J, Vasconcelos C, Giovannoni G ( 2015 ) . The role of infections in Behçet disease and neuro-Behçet syndrome . Autoimmunity Reviews vol. 14 , ( 7 ) 609 - 615 .

Rieckmann P, Boyko A, Centonze D, Elovaara I, Giovannoni G, Havrdová E, Hommes O, Kesselring J et al. ( 2015 ) . Achieving patient engagement in multiple sclerosis: A perspective from the multiple sclerosis in the 21st Century Steering Group . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 3 ) 202 - 218 .

Kuhle J, Gaiottino J, Leppert D, Petzold A, Bestwick JP, Malaspina A, Lu C-H, Dobson R et al. ( 2015 ) . Serum neurofilament light chain is a biomarker of human spinal cord injury severity and outcome . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 86 , ( 3 ) 273 - 279 .

Disanto G, Adiutori R, Dobson R, Martinelli V, Costa GD, Runia T, Evdoshenko E, Thouvenot E et al. ( 2015 ) . Serum neurofilament light chain levels are increased in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 87 , ( 2 )

Kuhle J, Disanto G, Dobson R, Adiutori R, Bianchi L, Topping J, Bestwick JP, Meier U-C et al. ( 2015 ) . Conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: A large multicentre study . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 21 , ( 8 ) 1013 - 1024 .

Marques IB, Flanagan S, Noble H, Giovannoni G, Marta M ( 2015 ) . Varicella-zoster virus encephalitis mimicking toxoplasmosis relapse . Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation vol. 2 , ( 2 )

Biela A, Watkinson M, Meier UC, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Becer CR, Krause S ( 2015 ) . Disposable MMP-9 sensor based on the degradation of peptide cross-linked hydrogel films using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy . Biosensors and Bioelectronics vol. 68 , 660 - 667 .

Giovannoni G ( 2015 ) . Any evident MRI T2-lesion activity should guide change of therapy in multiple sclerosis - Yes . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 21 , ( 2 ) 134 - 136 .

Elkins J, Sheridan J, Amaravadi L, Riester K, Selmaj K, Bielekova B, Parr E, Giovannoni G ( 2015 ) . CD56bright natural killer cells and response to daclizumab HYP in relapsing-remitting MS . Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation vol. 2 , ( 2 )

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2015 ) . Editors׳ welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 1 ) 1 - 2 .

Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Phillips JT, Arnold DL, Hotermans C, Zhang A, Viglietta V et al. ( 2015 ) . Time course of clinical and neuroradiological effects of delayed‐release dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis . European Journal of Neurology vol. 22 , ( 4 ) 664 - 671 .

Arnold DL, Traboulsee A, Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Fox EJ, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E et al. ( 2015 ) . Alemtuzumab demonstrates durable reduction of MRI activity over 5 years in CARE-MS I with the majority of patients treatment-free for 4 years . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 568 - 569 .

Traboulsee A, Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Compston DAS, Fox EJ, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E et al. ( 2015 ) . Alemtuzumab demonstrates durable reduction of MRI activity over 5 years in CARE-MS II with most patients free from treatment for 4 years . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 570 - 571 .

Fernandez Fernandez O, Hartung H-P, LaGanke C, Margolin DH, Kasten L, Moreau T, Giovannoni G ( 2015 ) . Alemtuzumab has a durable effect on disability improvement in treatment-naive patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 4-year follow-up of CARE-MS I . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 22 , 824 - 824 .

Montalban X, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Margolin DH, Kasten L ( 2015 ) . Alemtuzumab improves disability outcomes versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in CARE-MS I and II patients with active relapsing multiple sclerosis using the novel SAD-plus endpoint . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 588 - 588 .

Arroyo Gonzalez R, Moreau T, Cohen JA, Giovannoni G, Margolin DH, Kasten L, Havrdova E ( 2015 ) . Alemtuzumab improves quality of life in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with inadequate efficacy response to prior therapy: 4-year follow-up of CARE-MS II . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 22 , 614 - 614 .

Barkhof F, Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Compston DAS, Filippi M, Fox EJ, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P et al. ( 2015 ) . Alemtuzumab slows brain volume loss over 5 years in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with most patients not receiving treatment for 4 years: CARE MS I and II extension study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 44 - 45 .

Havrdova E, Gold R, Fox RJ, Giovannoni G, Xiao J, Edwards MR ( 2015 ) . Association between no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) and long-term clinical efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis from the phase 3 study, ENDORSE . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 256 - 257 .

Raghupathi K, Pace A, Giovannoni G, Weinstock-Guttman B, Montalban X, Rudick R, Hyde R, Castrillo C et al. ( 2015 ) . Baseline cognitive function predicts clinical disability progression in an integrated RRMS clinical trial database . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 121 - 122 .

Wiendl H, Havrdova E, Rose J, Giovannoni G, Tsao LC, Zhao J, Pan Q, Elkins J et al. ( 2015 ) . Daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) vs. intramuscular interferon beta-1a in subgroups predictive of active disease: results from the DECIDE study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 232 - 233 .

Thomson A, Davis A, Paterson A, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2015 ) . Designing an information resource to explain diagnostic lumbar puncture and promote best practice . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 22 , 491 - 492 .

Moreau T, Arroyo Gonzalez R, Hartung H-P, Hupperts RMM, Kita M, Margolin DH, Kasten L, Giovannoni G ( 2015 ) . Disability improvement with alemtuzumab is associated with durable improvement on functional assessment in multiple sclerosis scores over 4 years in CARE-MS II patients with RRMS though most were treatment-free after year 1 . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 564 - 565 .

Wiendl H, Arnold DL, Hupperts RM, Giovannoni G, Margolin DH, Kasten L, Havrdova E ( 2015 ) . Durable effect of alemtuzumab on disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 22 , 256 - 256 .

Giovannoni G, Berkovich R, Fernandez O, Fox EJ, Wiendl H, Margolin DH, Kasten L, LaGanke C ( 2015 ) . Durable improvement in expanded disability status scale functional systems scores over 4 years with alemtuzumab despite a majority of patients not receiving treatment since year 1 . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 571 - 572 .

Kappos L, Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Khatri BO, Gauthier SA, Greenberg S, Wang P, Elkins J et al. ( 2015 ) . Effect of daclizumab HYP versus intramuscular interferon beta-1a on no evidence of disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: analysis of the DECIDE study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 22 - 22 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Zhang A, Meltzer L, Kurukulasuriya NC ( 2015 ) . Efficacy and safety of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in patients newly diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) . Mult Scler vol. 21 , ( 1 ) 57 - 66 .

Montalban X, Hemmer B, Rammohan K, Giovannoni G, de Seze J, Bar-Or A, Arnold DL, Sauter A et al. ( 2015 ) . Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in primary progressive multiple sclerosis - results of the placebo-controlled, double-blind, Phase III ORATORIO study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 781 - 782 .

Fernandez O, Giovannoni G, Fox RJ, Gold R, Phillips JT, Potts J, Okwuokenye M, Marantz JL ( 2015 ) . Efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in prior interferon users with low clinical disease activity: integrated analysis of the phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 687 - 687 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Lewin JB, Zhang A, Marantz JL ( 2015 ) . Efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in early multiple sclerosis: post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies according to baseline cognitive function . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 252 - 253 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Lewin JB, Zhang A, Marantz JL ( 2015 ) . Efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in early multiple sclerosis: post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies according to baseline disability . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 263 - 264 .

Freedman MS, Kappos L, Cree BAC, Radue E-W, Giovannoni G, Ritter S, Meier DP, Tomic D ( 2015 ) . Efficacy of fingolimod on NEDA-4 in pooled FREEDOMS and FREEDOMS II studies by subgroups of baseline characteristics . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 301 - 302 .

Masters JM, Noyce AJ, Giovannoni G, Warner TT, Proctor GB ( 2015 ) . Elevated salivary DJ-1 in Parkinson's disease is associated with altered salivary secretion . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 30 , S169 - S170 .

Giovannoni G, Brex P, Sumra M, Walters E, Schmierer K ( 2015 ) . Glatiramer acetate slows disability progression - results from a 6-year analysis of the UK Risk Sharing Scheme . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 800 - 801 .

Gold J, Goldacre R, Maruszak H, Giovannoni G, Yeates D, Goldacre M ( 2015 ) . HIV and lower risk of multiple sclerosis: beginning to unravel a mystery using a record-linked database study . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 86 , ( 1 ) 9 - 12 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya NC ( 2015 ) . Long-term efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in newly diagnosed patients with RRMS: an integrated analysis of DEFINE, CONFIRM, and ENDORSE . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 22 , 27 - 27 .

Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Gold R, Fox RJ, Kappos L, Phillips JT, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya NC ( 2015 ) . Long-term follow-up of the effect of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on No Evidence of Disease Activity in patients with multiple sclerosis . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 22 , 479 - 479 .

Marantz J, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Zhang A ( 2015 ) . Longer-term follow-up of the efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in newly diagnosed patients with RRMS: an integrated analysis of DEFINE, CONFIRM, and ENDORSE . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 263 - 263 .

Wiendl H, Giovannoni G, Greenberg S, Sheridan J, Amaravadi L, McCroskery P, Giannattasio G ( 2015 ) . Lymphocyte counts in patients receiving daclizumab HYP in DECIDE . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 266 - 267 .

Koch MW, Steinerman JR, Knappertz V, Davis MD, Giovannoni G, Cutter GR, Wolinsky JS ( 2015 ) . MRI measures and disability progression in PPMS: analysis of the PROMiSe clinical trial dataset . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 46 - 46 .

Raftopoulos R, Hickman S, Toosy A, Sharrack B, Mallik S, Altmann D, Malladi P, Koltzenburg M et al. ( 2015 ) . Neuroprotection with phenytoin in acute optic neuritis: results of a phase II randomised controlled trial . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 22 , 48 - 48 .

Gold J, Giovannoni G, Marta MC, Meier U, Miller D, Christensen T, Maruszak H, Holden D et al. ( 2015 ) . Pilot baseline versus treatment clinical trial of the HIV drug raltegravir in patients with active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: the INSPIRE study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 162 - 162 .

Vermersch P, Giovannoni G, Cohen JA, Moreau T, Wray S, Margolin DH, Kasten L ( 2015 ) . Quality of life improvements in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis are not impacted by acute infections after receiving alemtuzumab in CARE-MS II . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 621 - 621 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox RJ, Kappos L, Kita M, Yang M, Sarda SP, Zhang R et al. ( 2015 ) . Relapses Requiring Intravenous Steroid Use and Multiple-Sclerosis-related Hospitalizations: Integrated Analysis of the Delayed-release Dimethyl Fumarate Phase III Studies . CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS vol. 37 , ( 11 ) 2543 - 2551 .

Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Gold R, Khatri B, Selmaj K, Umans K, Greenberg S, Sweetser M et al. ( 2015 ) . Safety and tolerability of daclizumab HYP in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an integrated analysis of six clinical studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 254 - 254 .

Gnanapavan S, Grant D, Morant S, Nourbakhsh B, Revirajan N, Azevedo C, Pelletier D, Waubant E et al. ( 2015 ) . Serum neurofilament light chain levels are associated with brain atrophy in early MS - analysis from the randomized controlled phase II trial of riluzole in early MS . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 355 - 356 .

Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Bhasin P et al. ( 2015 ) . Siponimod (BAF312) for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS): baseline characteristics of the EXPAND study population . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 317 - 318 .

Raftopoulos R, Rangarajan A, Chen C-L, Hickman S, Toosy A, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Altmann D, Malik S et al. ( 2015 ) . Sodium channel blockade with phenytoin has a neuroprotective effect on the ganglion cell complex after acute optic neuritis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 273 - 274 .

Arroyo Gonzalez R, Moreau T, Hartung H-P, Hupperts RM, Kita M, Margolin DH, Kasten L, Giovannoni G ( 2015 ) . Sustained reduction in disability with alemtuzumab is associated with durable quality-of-life improvement on SF-36 over 4 years in CARE-MS II patients with RRMS though most were treatment-free after year 1 . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 21 , 600 - 601 .

Pryce G, Riddall DR, Selwood DL, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2014 ) . Neuroprotection in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis by Cannabis-Based Cannabinoids . Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology vol. 10 , ( 2 ) 281 - 292 .

Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . Developing Biomarkers for MS . Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences vol. 26 , 179 - 194 .

Marques IB, Giovannoni G, Marta M ( 2014 ) . Mononeuritis multiplex as the first presentation of refractory sarcoidosis responsive to etanercept . BMC Neurology vol. 14 , ( 1 )

Fine D, Dattani A, Moreira I, Giovannoni G, Marta M ( 2014 ) . Do neutralising antibodies against exogenous interferon-beta inhibit endogenous signalling pathways? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 1 ) 88 - 91 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2014 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 6 )

Nixon R, Bergvall N, Tomic D, Sfikas N, Cutter G, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . No Evidence of Disease Activity: Indirect Comparisons of Oral Therapies for the Treatment of Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis . Advances in Therapy vol. 31 , ( 11 ) 1134 - 1154 .

Giovannoni G, Baker D, Schmierer K ( 2014 ) . The problem with repurposing: Is there really an alternative to Big Pharma for developing new drugs for multiple sclerosis? . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 1 ) 3 - 5 .

Gnanapavan S, Yousaf N, Heywood W, Grant D, Mills K, Chernajovsky Y, Keir G, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . Growth associated protein (GAP-43): cloning and the development of a sensitive ELISA for neurological disorders . J Neuroimmunol vol. 276 , ( 1-2 ) 18 - 23 .

Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Lam E et al. ( 2014 ) . P036 Siponimod (BAF312) for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Design of the phase 3 EXPAND trial . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 6 )

Pakpoor J, Handel AE, Disanto G, Davenport RJ, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2014 ) . National survey of UK medical students on the perception of neurology . BMC Medical Education vol. 14 , ( 1 )

Giovannoni G, de Jong B, Derfuss T, Izquierdo G, Mazibrada G, Molyneux P, Nicholas R, Overell J et al. ( 2014 ) . A pragmatic approach to dealing with fingolimod-related lymphopaenia in Europe . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 4 , ( 1 ) 83 - 84 .

Pakpoor J, Goldacre R, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G, Goldacre MJ ( 2014 ) . Reply . Annals of Neurology vol. 76 , ( 5 ) 765 - 766 .

Dua P, Jacobson L, Church A, Martino D, Sisay S, Vincent A, Lang B, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2014 ) . Detection of antibodies against the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in a sub-group of patients diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome . Journal of Neuroimmunology . vol. 275 ,

Arnold DL, Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Yang M, Zhang R et al. ( 2014 ) . Magnetization transfer ratio in the delayed-release dimethyl fumarate DEFINE study . Journal of Neurology vol. 261 , ( 12 ) 2429 - 2437 .

Pakpoor J, Goldacre R, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G, Goldacre MJ ( 2014 ) . Testicular hypofunction and multiple sclerosis risk: a record-linkage study . Ann Neurol vol. 76 , ( 4 ) 625 - 628 .

Sisay S, Rosello A, Henseleit K, Tan M, Marta-caldo M, Dua P, Warnes G, Palace J et al. ( 2014 ) . Unaltered frequency and functionality of CD56bright and CD56dim natural killer cells in untreated relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients . Journal of Neuroimmunology . vol. 275 ,

Giovannoni G, Baker D, Schmierer K ( 2014 ) . Simvastatin in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis . Lancet vol. 384 , ( 9947 )

Cooper R, Doshi A, Harris P, Sivagnanasundaram J, Wells G, Barritt A, Aram J, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2014 ) . IMMUNOCOMPETENT PML—AN IMMUNOLOGICAL SCOTOMA? . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 85 , e4 - e4 .

Pakpoor J, Handel A, Disanto G, Davenport R, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan S ( 2014 ) . SURVEY OF UK MEDICAL STUDENTS ON THE PERCEPTION OF NEUROLOGY . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 85 , e4 - e4 .

Schmierer K, Marta M, Turner, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . THE USE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN THE UK . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 85 , e4 - e4 .

Lublin FD, Cutter G, Giovannoni G, Pace A, Campbell NR, Belachew S ( 2014 ) . Natalizumab reduces relapse clinical severity and improves relapse recovery in MS . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 6 ) 705 - 711 .

Pakpoor J, Goldacre R, Disanto G, Giovannoni G, Goldacre MJ ( 2014 ) . Alcohol misuse disorders and multiple sclerosis risk . JAMA Neurol vol. 71 , ( 9 ) 1188 - 1189 .

Arnold DL, Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Yang M, Zhang R et al. ( 2014 ) . Effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on MRI measures in the Phase 3 DEFINE study . Journal of Neurology vol. 261 , ( 9 ) 1794 - 1802 .

Amor S, van der Star BJ, Bosca I, Raffel J, Gnanapavan S, Watchorn J, Kuhle J, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2014 ) . Neurofilament light antibodies in serum reflect response to natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis . Mult Scler vol. 20 , ( 10 ) 1355 - 1362 .

Gnanapavan S, Hegen H, Khalil M, Hemmer B, Franciotta D, Hughes S, Hintzen R, Jeromin A et al. ( 2014 ) . Guidelines for uniform reporting of body fluid biomarker studies in neurologic disorders . Neurology vol. 83 , ( 13 ) 1210 - 1216 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2014 ) . Editors׳ welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 5 ) 553 - 554 .

Arnold DL, Arnold DL, Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Yang M et al. ( 2014 ) . Effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on MRI measures in the Phase 3 DEFINE study . Journal of Neurology

Shahim P, Tegner Y, Adiutori R, Ladenson JH, Macy EH, Crimmins D, Mattsson N, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2014 ) . P3‐078: SERUM NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT PROTEIN AND VISIN‐LIKE PROTEIN‐1 IN CONCUSSED PROFESSIONAL ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS . Alzheimer's & Dementia vol. 10 , ( 4S_Part_18 ) p655 - p655 .

Shribman S, Torsney KM, Noyce AJ, Giovannoni G, Fearnley J, Dobson R ( 2014 ) . A service development study of the assessment and management of fracture risk in Parkinson's disease . J Neurol vol. 261 , ( 6 ) 1153 - 1159 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2014 ) . Editors׳ welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 4 ) 417 - 418 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Radue E-W, Stefoski D, McNeill M et al. ( 2014 ) . Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECTION): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind extension trial . Lancet Neurol vol. 13 , ( 5 ) 472 - 481 .

Ramien C, Pachnio A, Sisay S, Begum J, Leese A, Disanto G, Kuhle J, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2014 ) . Hypovitaminosis-D and EBV: no interdependence between two MS risk factors in a healthy young UK autumn cohort . Mult Scler vol. 20 , ( 6 ) 751 - 753 .

Hartung H-P, Barkhof F, Fernandez O, Hobart J, Giovannoni G, Sormani MP, Dadon Y, Sasson N et al. ( 2014 ) . A Multinational, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Active-Control Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Oral Laquinimod 0.6mg or 1.2mg QD versus IFNβ-1a in Patients with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P3.153) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Dobson R, Topping J, Chard D, Schmierer K, Smith P, Ramagopalan S, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . A Multivariate Risk Calculator for Multiple Sclerosis and Study of an Endophenotype in Siblings of People with Multiple Sclerosis (S34.002) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Havrdova E, Gold R, Fox R, Kappos L, Phillips JT, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya N, Sheikh S et al. ( 2014 ) . Effect of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate on Freedom from Measured Clinical and Neuroradiological Disease Activity in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Patients: An Integrated Analysis of DEFINE and CONFIRM (P3.159) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Kappos L, Fox R, Gold R, Kita M, Phillips JT, Sarda S, Zhong L, Niecko T et al. ( 2014 ) . Effect of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate on Health-Related Quality of Life in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Patients According to Prior Therapy: An Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies (P3.162) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Amaravadi L, Mikulskis A, McNeill M, Riester K, Sweetser M, Elkins J, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . Evaluation of Immunogenicity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Daclizumab-HYP During the SELECT and SELECTION Clinical Trials (P3.177) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Giovannoni G, Naismith RT ( 2014 ) . Natalizumab to fingolimod washout in patients at risk of PML: when good intentions yield bad outcomes . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 14 ) 1196 - 1197 .

Pakpoor J, Handel A, Disanto G, Davenport R, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan S ( 2014 ) . National Survey of UK Medical Students on the Perception of Neurology (P1.331) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Raftopoulos R, Hickman S, Toosy A, Wheeler-Kingshott C, Altmann D, Mallik S, Paling D, Yiannakas M et al. ( 2014 ) . OCT, Visual Function and MRI Measures in Acute Optic Neuritis: Baseline Data from a Clinical Trial (P2.255) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Comi G, Sormani MP, Giovannoni G, Ladkani D, Sasson N, Gorfine T, Knappertz V ( 2014 ) . Rationale For Advancing Laquinimod For Progressive MS: Evidence From Large Clinical Trials In RRMS (S4.001) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Giovannoni G, Margolin D, Palmer J, Herbert J ( 2014 ) . Sustained Improvement in Disability Outcomes with Alemtuzumab in Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Who Participated in CARE-MS II: Three-year Follow-up (P3.165) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Kita M, Fox R, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Sarda S, Okwuokenye M, Kong J et al. ( 2014 ) . Two-Year Interim Analysis of Quality of Life in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Treated with Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate in the ENDORSE Study (P4.178) . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 10_supplement )

Puentes F, Topping J, Kuhle J, van der Star BJ, Douiri A, Giovannoni G, Baker D, Amor S et al. ( 2014 ) . Immune reactivity to neurofilament proteins in the clinical staging of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 85 , ( 3 ) 274 - 278 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2014 ) . Editors׳ welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 3 )

Davis A, Dobson R, Kaninia S, Espasandin M, Berg A, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2014 ) . Change practice now! Using atraumatic needles to prevent post lumbar puncture headache . Eur J Neurol vol. 21 , ( 2 ) 305 - 311 .

Giovannoni G, Radue E-W, Havrdova E, Riester K, Greenberg S, Mehta L, Elkins J ( 2014 ) . Effect of daclizumab high-yield process in patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . J Neurol vol. 261 , ( 2 ) 316 - 323 .

Dua P, Warnes G, Chruch A, Martino D, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Meier UC ( 2014 ) . Functional effects of anti-neuronal antibodies from patients with Tourette's syndrome and disorders associated with streptococcal infection . Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research vol. 20 , ( 1 ) 17 - 18 .

Dobson R, Rudick RA, Turner B, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . Assessing treatment response to interferon-β: is there a role for MRI? . Neurology vol. 82 , ( 3 ) 248 - 254 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2014 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 2 ) 139 - 140 .

Lim ET, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis . Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics vol. 5 , ( 3 ) 379 - 390 .

Pakpoor J, Nyein S, Disanto G, Nwosu A, Baker D, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . A global analysis of the use of social media to discuss multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 20 , 334 - 335 .

Shribman SE, Torsney K, Noyce AJ, Giovannoni G, Fearnley J, Dobson R ( 2014 ) . A service development study of the assessment and management of fracture risk in Parkinson's disease . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 29 , S192 - S192 .

Pakpoor J, Goldacre R, Disanto G, Giovannoni G, Goldacre MJ ( 2014 ) . Alcohol Misuse Disorders and Multiple Sclerosis Risk . JAMA NEUROLOGY vol. 71 , ( 9 ) 1188 - U217 .

Pakpoor J, Goldacre R, Disanto G, Giovannoni G, Goldacre M ( 2014 ) . Alcohol-use disorders and multiple sclerosis risk: a national record-linkage study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 20 , 148 - 149 .

Sarda SP, Kita M, Fox RJ, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips T, Okwuokenye M, Kong J et al. ( 2014 ) . An interim analysis of quality of life in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 20 , 413 - 414 .

Dobson R, Rudick RA, Turner B, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . Assessing treatment response to interferon-β Is there a role for MRI? . NEUROLOGY vol. 82 , ( 3 ) 248 - 254 .

Noyce AJ, Nagy A, Acharya S, Hadavi S, Bestwick JP, Fearnley J, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . Bradykinesia-akinesia incoordination test: validating an online keyboard test of upper limb function . PLoS One vol. 9 , ( 4 )

Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis . Handb Clin Neurol vol. 122 , 681 - 702 .

Pryce G, Visintin C, Ramagopalan SV, Al-Izki S, De Faveri LE, Nuamah RA, Mein CA, Montpetit A et al. ( 2014 ) . Control of spasticity in a multiple sclerosis model using central nervous system-excluded CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists . FASEB J vol. 28 , ( 1 ) 117 - 130 .

Disanto G, Sandve GK, Ricigliano VAG, Pakpoor J, Berlanga-Taylor AJ, Handel AE, Kuhle J, Holden L et al. ( 2014 ) . DNase hypersensitive sites and association with multiple sclerosis . HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS vol. 23 , ( 4 ) 942 - 948 .

Havrdova E, Gold R, Fox RJ, Kappos L, Phillips JT, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya NC, Sheikh SI et al. ( 2014 ) . Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate and freedom from measured clinical and neuroradiologic disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients: integrated analysis of DEFINE and CONFIRM . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 21 , 459 - 459 .

Kappos L, Fox RJ, Gold R, Kita M, Phillips JT, Sarda SP, Zhong L, Niecko T et al. ( 2014 ) . Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients according to prior therapy: integrated analysis of DEFINE and CONFIRM . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 21 , 462 - 462 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox RJ, Kappos L, Kita M, Yang M, Zhang R, Viglietta V et al. ( 2014 ) . Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate and relapses requiring intravenous steroid use and MS-related hospitalizations: integrated analysis of the phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 21 , 457 - 457 .

Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Stefoski D, Forster S, Umans K, Mehta L, Greenberg S, Elkins J ( 2014 ) . Disease-activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with daclizumab high-yield process in the SELECT study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 20 , ( 4 ) 464 - 470 .

Kita M, Fox R, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Sarda SP, Kong J, Viglietta V et al. ( 2014 ) . Effects of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: An Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies . CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS vol. 36 , ( 12 ) 1958 - 1971 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Rana J, Zhang A, Meltzer L, Kurukulasuriya NC ( 2014 ) . Efficacy of Oral BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS): Integrated Analysis of DEFINE and CONFIRM . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 20 , 931 - 932 .

Fernandez O, Giovannoni G, Fox RJ, Gold R, Phillips JT, Yang M, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya NC ( 2014 ) . Efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in "non-responders" to prior treatment with interferon beta . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 21 , 25 - 25 .

Fernandez O, Giovannoni G, Fox RJ, Gold R, Phillips JT, Yang M, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya NC ( 2014 ) . Efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in "non-responders'' to prior treatment with interferon beta . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 261 , S19 - S20 .

Noyce AJ, Mencacci N, Schrag A, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Hardy J ( 2014 ) . GBA1 and LRRK2 mutations in higher and lower risk subjects from the PREDICT-PD project . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 29 , S58 - S59 .

Sadovnick AD, Lee JD, Ramagopalan SV, Dyment DA, Hanwell H, Giovannoni G, Criscuoli M, Yee IM et al. ( 2014 ) . Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis among Iranian Immigrants in Canada . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 20 , 909 - 910 .

Disanto G, Dobson R, Pakpoor J, Elangovan RI, Adiutori R, Gobbi C, Kuhle J, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . Genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 20 , 253 - 253 .

Al-Izki S, Pryce G, Hankey DJR, Lidster K, von Kutzleben SM, Browne L, Clutterbuck L, Posada C et al. ( 2014 ) . Lesional-targeting of neuroprotection to the inflammatory penumbra in experimental multiple sclerosis . Brain vol. 137 , ( Pt 1 ) 92 - 108 .

Baker D, Pepper G, Yauner F, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . MSer - A new, neutral descriptor for someone with multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 1 ) 31 - 33 .

Guimond C, Lee JD, Ramagopalan SV, Dyment DA, Hanwell H, Giovannoni G, Criscuoli M, Yee IM et al. ( 2014 ) . Multiple sclerosis in the Iranian immigrant population of BC, Canada: prevalence and risk factors . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 20 , ( 9 ) 1182 - 1188 .

Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH, Knowles CH, Hardy J, Giovannoni G, Nageshwaran S et al. ( 2014 ) . PREDICT-PD: Identifying risk of Parkinson's disease in the community: methods and baseline results . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY vol. 85 , ( 1 ) 31 - 37 .

Kappos L, Gold R, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Sarda SP, Agarwal S et al. ( 2014 ) . Quality of life outcomes with BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The DEFINE study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 20 , ( 2 ) 243 - 252 .

Giovannoni G, Heesen C ( 2014 ) . Shared decision making in the evolving multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment landscape . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 20 , 1015 - 1015 .

Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Lam E et al. ( 2014 ) . Siponimod (BAF312) for the Treatment of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Design of the Phase 3 EXPAND Trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 20 , 927 - 928 .

Shribman SE, Noyce AJ, Martin JE, Giovannoni G, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . The distribution of α-synuclein in the enteric nervous system: An immunohistochemical study on colonic resections from 24 control and 4 Parkinson's disease patients . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 29 , S31 - S32 .

Disanto G, Dobson R, Pakpoor J, Elangovan RI, Adiutori R, Kuhle J, Giovannoni G ( 2014 ) . The refinement of genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis . PLoS One vol. 9 , ( 5 )

Raffel J, Dobson R, Gafson A, Mattoscio M, Muraro P, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Multiple sclerosis therapy and Epstein–Barr virus antibody titres . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 3 ) 372 - 374 .

Hampton DW, Serio A, Pryce G, Al-Izki S, Franklin RJ, Giovannoni G, Baker D, Chandran S ( 2013 ) . Neurodegeneration progresses despite complete elimination of clinical relapses in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis . Acta Neuropathologica Communications vol. 1 , ( 1 )

Pryce G, Cabranes A, Fernández-Ruiz J, Bisogno T, Di Marzo V, Long JZ, Cravatt BF, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2013 ) . Control of experimental spasticity by targeting the degradation of endocannabinoids using selective fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors . Mult Scler vol. 19 , ( 14 ) 1896 - 1904 .

Kuhle J, Malmeström C, Axelsson M, Plattner K, Yaldizli O, Derfuss T, Giovannoni G, Kappos L et al. ( 2013 ) . Neurofilament light and heavy subunits compared as therapeutic biomarkers in multiple sclerosis . Acta Neurol Scand vol. 128 , ( 6 ) e33 - e36 .

Hadavi S, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2013 ) . A service development audit of fampridine use in ms . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 11 )

Shribman S, Davis A, Vella N, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Heavy metal toxicity: lessons from a case of simultaneous occupational exposure to manganese and mercury . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 11 )

Gafson A, Worthington V, Lakdawala N, Giovannoni G, Farrell R ( 2013 ) . Neutralising antibodies to interferon-Beta predict conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in patients with multiple sclerosis . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 11 )

Hadavi S, Shribman S, Nagy A, Acharya S, Fearnley J, Dobson R, Lees A, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2013 ) . The bradykinesia-akinesia incoordination test: a simple objective test in multiple sclerosis . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 11 )

Dobson R, McMillan A, Kung K, Thom M, Davis A, Simister R, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S ( 2013 ) . Think outside the box, collapse the box, and take a sharp knife to it! . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 11 )

Dobson R, Topping J, Ramagopalan S, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Towards an endophenotype in multiple sclerosis . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 11 )

Gafson AR, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . CCSVI-A. A call to clinicans and scientists to vocalise in an Internet age . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 2 ) 143 - 146 .

Kuhle J, Plattner K, Bestwick JP, Lindberg RL, Ramagopalan SV, Norgren N, Nissim A, Malaspina A et al. ( 2013 ) . A comparative study of CSF neurofilament light and heavy chain protein in MS . Mult Scler vol. 19 , ( 12 ) 1597 - 1603 .

Lycke J, Arnold DL, Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Confavreux C, Fox EJ, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E et al. ( 2013 ) . Adverse event profile of alemtuzumab over time in treatment-naïve patients with early, active relapsing–/INS;remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS; CARE-MS I study) . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 333 , e374 - e375 .

Balcer LJ, Arnold DL, Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Confavreux C, Fox EJ, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E et al. ( 2013 ) . Alemtuzumab improves visual outcomes in treatment-naïve patients with relapsing–/INS;remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): Analysis from the phase 3 CARE-MS I study . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 333 ,

Margolin DH, Rizzo MA, Smith G, Arnold DL, Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Confavreux C, Fox EJ et al. ( 2013 ) . Alemtuzumab treatment has no adverse impact on sperm quality, quantity, or motility: A CARE-MS substudy . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 333 , e375 - e376 .

Maruszak H, Gold J, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Antiretroviral treatment in patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis — /INS;Impact on disease progression and safety . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 333 ,

Kita M, Fox RJ, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Sarda SP, Kong J, Kurukulasuriya NC et al. ( 2013 ) . BG-12 effects on quality of life in relapsing–/INS;remitting ms patients: Integrated analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 333 ,

Vecchio D, Albor C, Richards OJ, Turner BP, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2013 ) . Do disease modifying treatments improve outcome? First results from the London MS Database . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 333 ,

Havrdova E, Phillips JT, Selmaj K, Gold R, Fox RJ, Giovannoni G, Pace A, Novas M et al. ( 2013 ) . Gastrointestinal tolerability events in relapsing–/INS;remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate): Integrated analysis of DEFINE and CONFIRM . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 333 , e368 - e369 .

James E, Dobson R, Kuhle J, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . The effect of vitamin D-related interventions on multiple sclerosis relapses: a meta-analysis . Mult Scler vol. 19 , ( 12 ) 1571 - 1579 .

Leddy S, Hadavi S, McCarren A, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2013 ) . Validating a novel web-based method to capture disease progression outcomes in multiple sclerosis . J Neurol vol. 260 , ( 10 ) 2505 - 2510 .

Disanto G, Handel AE, Damoiseaux J, Hupperts R, Giovannoni G, Smolders J, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . Vitamin D supplementation and antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis patients . Mult Scler vol. 19 , ( 12 ) 1679 - 1680 .

Dobson R, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Bone health in multiple sclerosis: should we be doing more? . Neurodegenerative Disease Management vol. 3 , ( 5 ) 401 - 403 .

Disanto G, Hall C, Lucas R, Ponsonby A-L, Berlanga-Taylor AJ, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV, Ausimmune Investigator Group ( 2013 ) . Assessing interactions between HLA-DRB1*15 and infectious mononucleosis on the risk of multiple sclerosis . Mult Scler vol. 19 , ( 10 ) 1355 - 1358 .

( 2013 ) . Editors' welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 1 ) 1 - 2 .

Dobson R, Ramagopalan S, Davis A, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndromes: a meta-analysis of prevalence, prognosis and effect of latitude . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 8 ) 909 - 914 .

Ramagopalan SV, Goldacre R, Disanto G, Giovannoni G, Goldacre MJ ( 2013 ) . Hospital admissions for vitamin D related conditions and subsequent immune-mediated disease: record-linkage studies . BMC Med vol. 11 ,

Baker D, Pepper G, Yauner F, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . MSer – A new, neutral descriptor for someone with multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 3 , ( 1 ) 31 - 33 .

Handel AE, Sandve GK, Disanto G, Berlanga-Taylor AJ, Gallone G, Hanwell H, Drabløs F, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2013 ) . Vitamin D receptor ChIP-seq in primary CD4+ cells: Relationship to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and autoimmune disease . BMC Medicine vol. 11 , ( 1 )

Bolton C, Gates J, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in normal Biozzi and C57BL/6 mice and during the course of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CR EAE) . Inflamm Res vol. 62 , ( 7 ) 659 - 667 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH, Lublin F ( 2013 ) . Promoting regeneration and repair in Multiple Sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 2 , ( 4 ) 261 - 262 .

Pakpoor J, Pakpoor J, Disanto G, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . Cytomegalovirus and multiple sclerosis risk . Journal of Neurology vol. 260 , ( 6 ) 1658 - 1660 .

Pakpoor J, Pakpoor J, Disanto G, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . Cytomegalovirus and multiple sclerosis risk . J Neurol vol. 260 , ( 6 ) 1658 - 1660 .

Gnanapavan S, Ho P, Heywood W, Jackson S, Grant D, Rantell K, Keir G, Mills K et al. ( 2013 ) . Progression in multiple sclerosis is associated with low endogenous NCAM . J Neurochem vol. 125 , ( 5 ) 766 - 773 .

Gemma C, Ramagopalan SV, Down TA, Beyan H, Hawa MI, Holland ML, Hurd PJ, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2013 ) . Inactive or moderately active human promoters are enriched for inter-individual epialleles . Genome Biol vol. 14 , ( 5 )

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox RJ, Kita M, Yang M, Zhang R, Dawson KT, Viglietta V et al. ( 2013 ) . An integrated analysis of relapses requiring intravenous steroid use and multiple sclerosis (MS)-related hospitalizations from the BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) phase 3 define and confirm studies . Value Health vol. 16 , ( 3 ) A101 - A102 .

Dobson R, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Autoimmune disease in people with multiple sclerosis and their relatives: a systematic review and meta-analysis . J Neurol vol. 260 , ( 5 ) 1272 - 1285 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2013 ) . Editorial . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 2 , ( 3 )

Dobson R, Yarnall A, Noyce AJ, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Bone health in chronic neurological diseases: a focus on multiple sclerosis and parkinsonian syndromes . Pract Neurol vol. 13 , ( 2 ) 70 - 79 .

Pakpoor J, Handel AE, Giovannoni G, Dobson R, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . Correction: Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Multiple Sclerosis and Migraine . PLOS ONE vol. 8 , ( 4 )

Disanto G, Watson CT, Meier UC, Ebers GC, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . Month of birth and thymic output . JAMA Neurol vol. 70 , ( 4 ) 527 - 528 .

Dobson R, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan S ( 2013 ) . The month of birth effect in multiple sclerosis: systematic review, meta-analysis and effect of latitude . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 4 ) 427 - 432 .

Dobson R, Leddy SG, Gangadharan S, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Assessing fracture risk in people with MS: a service development study comparing three fracture risk scoring systems . BMJ Open vol. 3 , ( 3 )

Pakpoor J, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: association or causation? . Expert Rev Neurother vol. 13 , ( 3 ) 287 - 297 .

Disanto G, Pakpoor J, Morahan JM, Hall C, Meier UC, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . Epstein-Barr virus, latitude and multiple sclerosis . Mult Scler vol. 19 , ( 3 ) 362 - 365 .

Dobson R, Ramagopalan SV, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Genome-wide association studies: will we ever predict susceptibility to multiple sclerosis through genetics? . Expert Rev Neurother vol. 13 , ( 3 ) 235 - 237 .

Giovannoni G, Bell J, Feldmann M, Thompson EJ ( 2013 ) . Increased Urinary Neopterin Excretion in Vaccinated Adults . Pteridines vol. 7 , ( 3 ) 82 - 86 .

Ramagopalan SV, Giovannoni G, Yeates DG, Seagroatt V, Goldacre MJ ( 2013 ) . Sex ratio of infectious mononucleosis and possible relevance to multiple sclerosis . Mult Scler vol. 19 , ( 3 ) 359 - 361 .

Kita M, Fox R, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Sarda S, Kong J, Viglietta V et al. ( 2013 ) . Effects of BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) on Quality of Life in Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS): An Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies (P07.092) . Neurology vol. 80 , ( 7_supplement )

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox R, Kappos L, Kita M, Yang M, Zhang R, Dawson K et al. ( 2013 ) . Relapses Requiring Intravenous Steroid Use and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)-Related Hospitalizations: An Integrated Analysis of the BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) Phase 3 Studies (P07.121) . Neurology vol. 80 , ( 7_supplement )

Pakpoor J, Disanto G, Gerber JE, Dobson R, Meier UC, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . The risk of developing multiple sclerosis in individuals seronegative for Epstein-Barr virus: a meta-analysis . Mult Scler vol. 19 , ( 2 ) 162 - 166 .

Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . ECTRIMS 2012: Treatment highlights . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 2 , ( 2 ) 68 - 72 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2013 ) . Editors' welcome and a working definition for a multiple sclerosis cure . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 2 , ( 2 ) 65 - 67 .

Leddy S, Hadavi S, McCarren A, Giovannoni G, Dobson R ( 2013 ) . A novel internet-based method of capturing outcomes in multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 357 - 358 .

Baker D, Lidster K, Al-Izki S, Pryce G, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Animal models of progressive disability in MS . IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE vol. 182 , S5 - S6 .

Havrdova E, Gold R, Fox R, Kappos L, Phillips JT, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya N, Sheikh S et al. ( 2013 ) . BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) Treatment for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Increases the Proportion of Patients Free of Measured Clinical and Neuroradiologic Disease Activity in the Phase 3 Studies . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Gnanapavan S, Grant D, Morant S, Furby J, Hayton T, Teunissen CE, Leoni V, Marta M et al. ( 2013 ) . Biomarker Report from the Phase II Lamotrigine Trial in Secondary Progressive MS - Neurofilament as a Surrogate of Disease Progression . PLOS ONE vol. 8 , ( 8 ) Article ARTN e70019 ,

Nagy A, Acharya S, Hadavi S, Bestwick JP, Fearnley J, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G, Noyce AJ ( 2013 ) . Bradykinesia-akinesia incoordination test: Validating an online keyboard test of upper limb function . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 28 , S114 - S114 .

Kuhle J, Stites T, Chen Y, Dahlke F, Francis G, Sfikas N, Radue E-W, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2013 ) . CSF neurofilament light chain levels are markedly reduced by fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 559 - 560 .

Dobson R, Topping J, Davis A, Thompson E, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid and urinary biomarkers in multiple sclerosis . ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA vol. 128 , ( 5 ) 321 - 327 .

Dobson R, Ramagopalan S, Davis A, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndromes: A meta-analysis of prevalence, prognosis and effect of latitude . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 8 ) 909 - 914 .

Hutchinson M, Gold R, Fox R, Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Zhang A, Hotermans C, Stephan M et al. ( 2013 ) . Clinical Efficacy of BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) According to Prior Therapy: An Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Hutchinson M, Gold R, Fox RJ, Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Zhang A, Hotermans C, Stephan M et al. ( 2013 ) . Clinical efficacy of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis according to prior therapy: an integrated analysis of the phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 235 - 235 .

Bar-Or A, Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, O'Gorman J, Stephan M et al. ( 2013 ) . Clinical efficacy of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of the DEFINE study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY vol. 260 , ( 9 ) 2297 - 2305 .

Dobson R, Topping J, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Comparison of two commercial ELISA systems for evaluating anti-EBNA1 IgG titers . J Med Virol vol. 85 , ( 1 ) 128 - 131 .

Maggiore C, Giovannoni G, Martin J, Nissim A ( 2013 ) . Construction of an antibody phage display library from B-cells infiltrating brain tissue of people with progressive multiple sclerosis . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY vol. 260 , S39 - S39 .

Pakpoor J, Pakpoor J, Disanto G, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . Cyt.lovirus and multiple sclerosis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 154 - 155 .

Radue E-W, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Stefoski D, Selmaj K, You X, Elkins J ( 2013 ) . Daclizumab HYP Reduces the Evolution of New Gadolinium-Enhancing Lesions to T1-Black Holes: Results from the SELECT Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Radue E-W, Stefoski D, Robinson R et al. ( 2013 ) . Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial . LANCET vol. 381 , ( 9884 ) 2167 - 2175 .

Giovannoni G, Arnold D, Cohen J, Coles A, Confavreux C, Fox E, Hartung H, Havrdova E et al. ( 2013 ) . Disability Improvement with Alemtuzumab vs. Interferon beta-1a in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Who Experienced Disease Activity While on Prior Therapy (CARE-MS II) . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Kappos L, Radue E-W, Comi G, Montalban X, Butzkueven H, Wiendl H, Giovannoni G, Naegelin Y et al. ( 2013 ) . Disease control and safety in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients switching from natalizumab to fingolimod: a 32-week, rater- and patient-blind, randomized, parallel-group study (TOFINGO) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 50 - 51 .

Miao T, Raymond M, Bhullar P, Ghaffari E, Symonds ALJ, Meier UC, Giovannoni G, Li S et al. ( 2013 ) . Early growth response gene-2 controls IL-17 expression and Th17 differentiation by negatively regulating Batf . J Immunol vol. 190 , ( 1 ) 58 - 65 .

Hutchinson M, Bar-Or A, Fox RJ, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Kita M, O'Gorman J, Yang M et al. ( 2013 ) . Effect of BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) in Subgroups of Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Findings from Two Phase 3 Studies (DEFINE and CONFIRM) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 682 - 683 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Zhang A, Meltzer L, Kurukulasuriya NC ( 2013 ) . Effect of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) in newly diagnosed patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis from the DEFINE and CONFIRM studies . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY vol. 260 , S51 - S51 .

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Fox RJ, Zhang A, Meltzer L, Kurukulasuriya NC ( 2013 ) . Effect of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) in newly diagnosed relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients from the DEFINE and CONFIRM studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 453 - 454 .

Havrdova E, Gold R, Fox RJ, Kappos L, Phillips JT, Zhang A, Kurukulasuriya NC, Sheikh SI et al. ( 2013 ) . Effect of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) on freedom from measured clinical and neuroradiological disease activity over time in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: results from the phase 3 studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 211 - 212 .

Kita M, Fox R, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Sarda S, Kong J, Viglietta V et al. ( 2013 ) . Effects of BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) on Quality of Life in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS): An Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM Studies . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Havrdova E, Bates D, Galetta S, Giovannoni G, Hutchinson M, Lublin F, O'Connor P, Pellegrini F et al. ( 2013 ) . Effects of natalizumab treatment on freedom from disease activity by baseline characteristics in AFFIRM . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 209 - 210 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Radue E-W, Stefoski D, McNeill M et al. ( 2013 ) . Efficacy and safety of daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from the SELECTION extension study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY vol. 260 , S50 - S51 .

Mehta L, Giovannoni G, Radue E-W, Havrdova E, Riester K, Greenberg S, Elkins J ( 2013 ) . Efficacy of Daclizumab HYP Treatment in Patients with Highly Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Results from the SELECT Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Bergvall N, Nixon R, Tomic D, Sfikas N, Cutter G, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Efficacy of oral fingolimod versus dimethyl fumarate on measures of freedom from disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis, based on indirect comparisons of phase 3 trials . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 519 - 519 .

Giovannoni G, Mikulskis A, McNeil M, Riester K, Sweetser M, Elkins J, Amaravadi L ( 2013 ) . Evaluation of immunogenicity in multiple sclerosis patients continuously treated with daclizumab-HYP during the SELECT and SELECTION clinical trials . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 390 - 390 .

Gafson A, Worthington V, Calado-Marta M, Lakdawala N, Giovannoni G, Farrell R ( 2013 ) . Evaluation of the humoral response to Epstein-Barr virus as a predictor of conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 543 - 544 .

Selmaj K, Gold R, Fox RJ, Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Pace A, Novas M, Meltzer L et al. ( 2013 ) . Flushing and gastrointestinal tolerability events in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated with oral BG-12 dimethyl fumarate) in the phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM trials . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 221 - 221 .

Meltzer L, Selmaj K, Gold R, Fox R, Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Pace A, Novas M et al. ( 2013 ) . Gastrointestinal Tolerability Events in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Patients Treated with Oral BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) in DEFINE and CONFIRM . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Sisay S, Pryce G, Jackson SJ, Tanner C, Ross RA, Michael GJ, Selwood DL, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2013 ) . Genetic background can result in a marked or minimal effect of gene knockout (GPR55 and CB2 receptor) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models of multiple sclerosis . PLoS One vol. 8 , ( 10 )

Christensen T, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . HERVs: have we been here before? (vol 18, pg 1670, 2012) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 19 , ( 6 ) 827 - 829 .

Gaiottino J, Norgren N, Dobson R, Topping J, Nissim A, Malaspina A, Bestwick JP, Monsch AU et al. ( 2013 ) . Increased neurofilament light chain blood levels in neurodegenerative neurological diseases . PLoS One vol. 8 , ( 9 )

Handel AE, Sandve GK, Disanto G, Handunnetthi L, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2013 ) . Integrating multiple oestrogen receptor alpha ChIP studies: overlap with disease susceptibility regions, DNase I hypersensitivity peaks and gene expression . BMC MEDICAL GENOMICS vol. 6 , Article ARTN 45 ,

Kita M, Fox RJ, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Phillips JT, Sarda SP, Kong J, Zhang R et al. ( 2013 ) . Interim analysis of quality of life in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis treated with BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) in the ENDORSE study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 530 - 530 .

Comi G, Cook SD, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Hamlett AC et al. ( 2013 ) . MRI outcomes with cladribine tablets for multiple sclerosis in the CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY vol. 260 , ( 4 ) 1136 - 1146 .

Kuhle J, Dobson R, Bestwick JP, Topping J, Dalla Costa G, Khademi M, Sombekke M, Killestein J et al. ( 2013 ) . Multivariate clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) risk factor study: towards individual prognosis and treatment indication in CIS . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 33 - 34 .

Lublin F, Cutter G, Giovannoni G, Polman C, Paes D, Patel R, Sun J, Belachew S ( 2013 ) . Natalizumab reduces the disabling amplitude of multiple sclerosis relapses and improves post-relapse residual disability . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 213 - 214 .

Lidster K, Jackson SJ, Ahmed Z, Munro P, Coffey P, Giovannoni G, Baker MD, Baker D ( 2013 ) . Neuroprotection in a novel mouse model of multiple sclerosis . PLoS One vol. 8 , ( 11 )

Raftopoulos RE, Hickman S, Toosy A, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Altmann D, Malik S, Paling D, Yiannakas M et al. ( 2013 ) . Optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual function and MRI measures in acute optic neuritis: baseline data from a clinical trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 8 - 9 .

Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH, Knowles C, Hardy J, Giovannoni G, Nageshwaran S et al. ( 2013 ) . PREDICT-PD study: Online screening algorithm identifying Parkinson's disease risk . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 28 , S389 - S389 .

Bergvall N, Nixon R, Tomic D, Sfikas N, Cutter G, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Predicting the efficacy of fingolimod versus dimethyl fumarate in patients with multiple sclerosis using a statistical modelling approach . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 519 - 520 .

Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Stefoski D, Umans K, Greenberg S, Mehta L, Elkins J ( 2013 ) . Proportion of Disease-Activity Free Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Following 1 Year of Treatment with Daclizumab High-Yield Process in the SELECT Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox R, Kappos L, Kita M, Yang M, Zhang R, Dawson K et al. ( 2013 ) . Relapses Requiring Intravenous Steroid Use and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)-Related Hospitalizations: An Integrated Analysis of the BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) Phase 3 Studies . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Thompson AJ, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Removal of access to alemtuzumab for patients with aggressive multiple sclerosis . BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL vol. 346 , Article ARTN f275 ,

Mehta D, Amaravadi L, Gold R, Sheridan J, Riester K, Selmaj K, Giovannoni G, Elkins J ( 2013 ) . Reversal of the Pharmacodynamic Effects of Daclizumab HYP Following Treatment Washout: Results from the SELECTION Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Hamlett A et al. ( 2013 ) . Safety and Efficacy of Oral Cladribine in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Results from the 96 Week Phase IIIb Extension Trial to the CLARITY Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Lam E et al. ( 2013 ) . Siponimod (BAF312) for the Treatment of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Design of the Phase 3 EXPAND Trial . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Radue E-W, Stefoski D, McNeill M et al. ( 2013 ) . The Safety and Efficacy of Daclizumab HYP in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in the SELECTION Extension Study: Primary Results . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Dobson R, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan S ( 2013 ) . The month of birth effect in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review, meta-analysis and effect of latitude . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry vol. 84 , ( 4 ) 427 - 432 .

Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Fox R, Phillips JT, Hotermans C, Zhang A, Viglietta V et al. ( 2013 ) . Timecourse of Treatment Effects of BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 80 ,

Gold J, Christensen T, Maruszak H, Giovannoni G ( 2013 ) . Triggering role of viruses in multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 32 - 32 .

Orchard A, Giovannoni G, Langdon D ( 2013 ) . UK validation of the brief international assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 19 , 203 - 203 .

Giovannoni G, Foley JF, Brandes DW ( 2012 ) . Hidden disabilities in multiple sclerosis - The impact of multiple sclerosis on patients and their caregivers . European Neurological Review vol. 7 , ( SUPPL. 2 ) 2 - 9 .

Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Schrag A ( 2012 ) . Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease . Ann Neurol vol. 72 , ( 6 ) 893 - 901 .

Dobson R, Ramagopalan S, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Bone health and multiple sclerosis . Mult Scler vol. 18 , ( 11 ) 1522 - 1528 .

Beyan H, Down TA, Ramagopalan SV, Uvebrant K, Nilsson A, Holland ML, Gemma C, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2012 ) . Guthrie card methylomics identifies temporally stable epialleles that are present at birth in humans . Genome Res vol. 22 , ( 11 ) 2138 - 2145 .

Dobson R, Ramagopalan S, Giovannoni G, Bazelier MT, de Vries F ( 2012 ) . Risk of fractures in patients with multiple sclerosis . Neurology vol. 79 , ( 18 ) 1934 - 1935 .

Jaber A, Driebergen R, Giovannoni G, Schellekens H, Simsarian J, Antonelli M ( 2012 ) . The Rebif® New Formulation Story . Drugs in R&D vol. 8 , ( 6 ) 335 - 348 .

Pakpoor J, Disanto G, Lacey MV, Hellwig K, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Breastfeeding and multiple sclerosis relapses: A meta-analysis . Journal of Neurology vol. 259 , ( 10 ) 2246 - 2248 .

Pakpoor J, Disanto G, Lacey MV, Hellwig K, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Breastfeeding and multiple sclerosis relapses: a meta-analysis . J Neurol vol. 259 , ( 10 ) 2246 - 2248 .

Sato DK, Nakashima I, Fukazawa T, Shimizu Y, Tomizawa Y, Yokoyama K, Misu T, Creeke PI et al. ( 2012 ) . Neutralizing antibodies are associated with a reduction of interferon-β efficacy during the treatment of Japanese multiple sclerosis patients . Tohoku J Exp Med vol. 228 , ( 2 ) 85 - 92 .

Gafson AR, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Towards the incorporation of lumbar puncture into clinical trials for multiple sclerosis . Mult Scler vol. 18 , ( 10 ) 1509 - 1511 .

( 2012 ) . Editors’ welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 2 , ( 1 )

Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Neural cell adhesion molecules in brain plasticity and disease . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 2 , ( 1 ) 13 - 20 .

Pakpoor J, Handel AE, Giovannoni G, Dobson R, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Multiple Sclerosis and Migraine . PLoS ONE vol. 7 , ( 9 )

CALADO MARTA MS, giovannoni ( 2012 ) . ‘What does it mean to have MS? - chapter . Multiple Sclerosis , Oxford University Press ( United Kingdom ),

Disanto G, Sandve GK, Berlanga-Taylor AJ, Ragnedda G, Morahan JM, Watson CT, Giovannoni G, Ebers GC et al. ( 2012 ) . Vitamin D receptor binding, chromatin states and association with multiple sclerosis . Hum Mol Genet vol. 21 , ( 16 ) 3575 - 3586 .

Hilliard A, Stott C, Wright S, Guy G, Pryce G, Al-Izki S, Bolton C, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Evaluation of the Effects of Sativex (THC BDS: CBD BDS) on Inhibition of Spasticity in a Chronic Relapsing Experimental Allergic Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Model of Multiple Sclerosis . International Scholarly Research Notices vol. 2012 , ( 1 )

Raffel JB, Hunt D, Topping J, Bremner J, Brown KE, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Assay selection affects John Cunningham virus serostatus classification in multiple sclerosis . Ann Neurol vol. 72 , ( 2 ) 295 - 296 .

Marta M, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Disease modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms of action and new drugs in the horizon . CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets vol. 11 , ( 5 ) 610 - 623 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2012 ) . Editors' welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 1 , ( 4 )

Jia Y, Wu T, Jelinek CA, Bielekova B, Chang L, Newsome S, Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2012 ) . Development of protein biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis using selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM-MS) . Clinical Proteomics vol. 9 , ( 1 )

Disanto G, Chaplin G, Morahan JM, Giovannoni G, Hyppönen E, Ebers GC, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Month of birth, vitamin D and risk of immune-mediated disease: a case control study . BMC Med vol. 10 ,

Giovannoni G, Southam E, Waubant E ( 2012 ) . Systematic review of disease-modifying therapies to assess unmet needs in multiple sclerosis: tolerability and adherence . Mult Scler vol. 18 , ( 7 ) 932 - 946 .

Gnanapavan S, Grant D, Pryce G, Jackson S, Baker D, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Neurofilament a biomarker of neurodegeneration in autoimmune encephalomyelitis . Autoimmunity vol. 45 , ( 4 ) 298 - 303 .

Leite MI, Coutinho E, Lana-Peixoto M, Apostolos S, Waters P, Sato D, Melamud L, Marta M et al. ( 2012 ) . Myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a multicenter study of 16 patients . Neurology vol. 78 , ( 20 ) 1601 - 1607 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2012 ) . Editors’ Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 1 , ( 3 )

Dobson R, Ramagopalan S, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . The effect of gender in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS): a meta-analysis . Mult Scler vol. 18 , ( 5 ) 600 - 604 .

Farrell RA, Marta M, Gaeguta AJ, Souslova V, Giovannoni G, Creeke PI ( 2012 ) . Development of resistance to biologic therapies with reference to IFN-β . Rheumatology (Oxford) vol. 51 , ( 4 ) 590 - 599 .

Disanto G, Morahan JM, Barnett MH, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . The evidence for a role of B cells in multiple sclerosis . Neurology vol. 78 , ( 11 ) 823 - 832 .

Dua P, Meier UC, Baker D, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Functional effects of anti-neuronal antibodies in patients with encephalitis lethargica and other related disorders associated with streptococcal infection . Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research vol. 18 , ( 2 )

Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Emerging disease modifying treatments—A therapeutics update from ECTRIMS/ACTRIMS, Amsterdam, 2011 . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 1 , ( 2 ) 56 - 58 .

Brothwell M, Giovannoni G, Spink J ( 2012 ) . 127 Attitudes towards end of life issues among people with MS: a 360 survey . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 83 , ( 3 )

Giovannoni G, Rhoades RW ( 2012 ) . Individualizing treatment goals and interventions for people with MS . Curr Opin Neurol vol. 25 Suppl , S20 - S27 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2012 ) . Editors' welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 1 , ( 2 )

Hunt D, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy: a practical approach to risk profiling and monitoring . Practical Neurology vol. 12 , ( 1 )

Baker D, Pryce G, Jackson SJ, Bolton C, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . The biology that underpins the therapeutic potential of cannabis-based medicines for the control of spasticity in multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 1 , ( 2 ) 64 - 75 .

Tzartos JS, Khan G, Vossenkamper A, Cruz-Sadaba M, Lonardi S, Sefia E, Meager A, Elia A et al. ( 2012 ) . Association of innate immune activation with latent Epstein-Barr virus in active MS lesions . Neurology vol. 78 , ( 1 ) 15 - 23 .

Furby J, Giovannoni G, Page R ( 2012 ) . A CASE OF UNIHEMISPHERIC PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Noyce A, Silveira-Moriyama L, Lees AJ, Schrag A, Bestwick J, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Hardy J et al. ( 2012 ) . A PILOT STUDY OF AN ALGORITHM DESIGNED TO IDENTIFY PARKINSON'S DISEASE IN THE EARLY, NON-MOTOR PHASE . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Gold R, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Radue E-W, Stefoski D, Robinson R et al. ( 2012 ) . A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study To Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Daclizumab HYP Monotherapy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Primary Results of the SELECT Trial . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Raftopoulos RE, Hickman S, Toosy A, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Altmann D, Schmierer K, Sharrack B, Sheridan R et al. ( 2012 ) . A phase II double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of neuroprotection with phenytoin in acute optic neuritis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 442 - 443 .

Noyce A, Bestwick J, Hawkes CH, Knowles CH, Hardy J, Lees AJ, Silveira-Moriyama L, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2012 ) . AN ALGORITHM TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS AT HIGH-RISK OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE IN THE COMMUNITY . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Weinstock-Guttman B, Galetta SL, Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, O'Connor PW, Phillips JT et al. ( 2012 ) . Additional efficacy endpoints from pivotal natalizumab trials in relapsing-remitting MS . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY vol. 259 , ( 5 ) 898 - 905 .

Watson CT, Disanto G, Sandve GK, Breden F, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Age-associated hyper-methylated regions in the human brain overlap with bivalent chromatin domains . PLoS One vol. 7 , ( 9 )

Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Arnold DL, Confavreux C, Fox EJ, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E, Selmaj KW et al. ( 2012 ) . Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial . LANCET vol. 380 , ( 9856 ) 1819 - 1828 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Selmaj K, Zhang A, Sheikh SI et al. ( 2012 ) . Analysis of clinical and radiological disease activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with BG-12: findings from the DEFINE study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 259 , S106 - S106 .

Tzartos J, Khan G, Cruz-Sadaba M, Vossenkamper A, Lonardi S, Sefia E, Meager A, Farrell PJ et al. ( 2012 ) . Association of innate immune activation with latent Epstein - Barr virus infection in active multiple sclerosis lesions . IMMUNOLOGY . vol. 137 , 51 - 51 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold D, Bar-Or A, Selmaj K, Zhang A, Sheikh S et al. ( 2012 ) . BG-12 Increases the Proportion of Patients Free of Clinical and Radiologic Disease Activity in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Findings from the DEFINE Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Dobson R, Rudick RA, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . CAN WE RELIABLY USE MRI TO MONITOR TREATMENT RESPONSE IN PATIENTS ON INTERFERON β: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Raffel J, Hunt D, Topping J, Bremner J, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . CLASSIFICATION OF JC VIRUS SEROSTATUS DEPENDS UPON ASSAY SELECTION: A COMPARISON OF BIOGEN AND HPA ASSAYS . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Davis A, Dobson R, Espasandin M, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2012 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers as outcome measures in clinical trials of MS: The significance of post lumbar puncture headaches . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 237 - 238 .

Bar-Or A, Fox RJ, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Kita M, O'Gorman J, Yang M, Sheikh SI et al. ( 2012 ) . Clinical effects of BG-12 in subgroups of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an integrated analysis of the phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 191 - 191 .

Dobson R, Meier UC, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . DO SIBLINGS OF PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) HAVE MARKERS OF MS RISK? . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Radue EW, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Stefoski D, Mueller-Lenke N, Glyman S, Riester K, Elkins J ( 2012 ) . Daclizumab HYP monotherapy reduces black holes and T2 burden of disease in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the SELECT trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 193 - 194 .

Kappos L, Gold R, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Sarda SP, Agarwal S et al. ( 2012 ) . EFFECTS OF BG-12 ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: FINDINGS FROM THE PHASE 3 DEFINE STUDY . VALUE IN HEALTH vol. 15 , ( 7 ) A557 - A557 .

Arnold D, Brinar V, Cohen J, Coles A, Confavreux C, Fisher E, Fox E, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2012 ) . Effect of Alemtuzumab vs. Rebif® on Brain MRI Measurements: Results of CARE-MS I, a Phase 3 Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Bar-Or A, Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold D, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, O'Gorman J, Stephan M et al. ( 2012 ) . Effect of BG-12 in Subgroups of Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Findings from the DEFINE Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Arnold D, Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Zhang R, Stephan M et al. ( 2012 ) . Effect of BG-12 on Brain Atrophy and Lesions Volume: MRI Results from the DEFINE Study during First and Second Year of Treatment . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Bar-Or A, Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, O'Gorman J, Stephan M et al. ( 2012 ) . Effect of BG-12 on magnetic resonance imaging activity in subgroups of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: findings from the DEFINE study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 19 , 356 - 356 .

Giovannoni G, Radue EW, Havrdova E, Riester K, Greenberg S, Glyman S, Elkins J ( 2012 ) . Effect of daclizumab HYP treatment in highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from the SELECT study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 189 - 189 .

Arnold D, Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Yang M, Stephan M et al. ( 2012 ) . Effects of BG-12 on Magnetization Transfer Ratio in Whole Brain and Normal-Appearing Brain Tissue: Findings from the DEFINE Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

agarwal S, Kappos L, Gold R, Arnold D, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Kong J et al. ( 2012 ) . Effects of BG-12 on Quality of Life in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Findings from the DEFINE Study . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Arnold DL, Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Yang M, Zhang R et al. ( 2012 ) . Effects of BG-12 on magnetic resonance imaging and magnetisation transfer ratio outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: findings from the phase 3 DEFINE study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 214 - 215 .

Coles A, Brinar V, Arnold D, Cohen J, Confavreux C, Fox E, Hartung H, Havrdova E et al. ( 2012 ) . Efficacy and Safety Results from Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif® Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis I (CARE-MS I): A Phase 3 Study in Relapsing-Remitting Treatment-Naive Patients . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Stubinski B, Rocak S, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Efficacy, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of the Serum-Free Formulation of Subcutaneous Interferon Beta-1a: Findings of Clinical Trials in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis or with a First Clinical Demyelinating Event . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 536 - 536 .

Pakpoor J, Disanto G, Meier UC, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Epstein-Barr virus seroprevalence in multiple sclerosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 368 - 369 .

Watson CT, Disanto G, Breden F, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Estimating the proportion of variation in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis captured by common SNPs . Sci Rep vol. 2 ,

Disanto G, Sandve GK, Berlanga-Taylor AJ, Morahan JM, Dobson R, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Genomic Regions Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Are Active in B Cells . PLOS ONE vol. 7 , ( 3 ) Article ARTN e32281 ,

Christensen T, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . HERVs: have we been here before? . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 18 , ( 12 ) 1670 - 1672 .

Selmaj K, Arnold D, Brinar V, Cohen J, Coles A, Confavreux C, Fox E, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2012 ) . Incidence of Autoimmunity in a Phase 3 Trial: Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif® in Multiple Sclerosis I (CARE-MS I) . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Giovannoni G, Stefoski D, Umans K, Greenberg S, Glyman S, Elkins J ( 2012 ) . Increase in proportion of patients free from disease activity following 1 year of treatment with daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from the SELECT study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 419 - 419 .

Havrdova E, Arnold D, Cohen J, Coles A, Confavreux C, Fox E, Hartung H, Selmaj K et al. ( 2012 ) . Infections in Phase 3 Study: Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif® Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis I (CARE-MS I) . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Hill-Cawthorne GA, Button T, Tuohy O, Jones JL, May K, Somerfield J, Green A, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2012 ) . Long term lymphocyte reconstitution after alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY vol. 83 , ( 3 ) 298 - 304 .

Lycke J, Arnold D, Cohen J, Coles AJ, Confavreux C, Fox EJ, Hartung H-P, Havrdova E et al. ( 2012 ) . Lymphocyte subset dynamics following alemtuzumab administration in the CARE-MS I trial . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 19 , 89 - 89 .

Tzartos JS, Khan G, Middeldorp J, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Neuropathological study of Epstein Barr-virus infection in the MS brain . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 140 - 140 .

Giovannoni G, Chamoun V, Scadding J, Thompson E ( 2012 ) . Neurosarcoidosis . Sarcoidosis ,

Dobson R, Ramagopalan S, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Osteoporosis and fracture risk in multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 243 - 244 .

Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Tornatore C, Sweetser MT et al. ( 2012 ) . Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis . NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE vol. 367 , ( 12 ) 1098 - 1107 .

Nicholson TRJ, Ferdinando S, Krishnaiah RB, Anhoury S, Lennox BR, Mataix-Cols D, Cleare A, Veale DM et al. ( 2012 ) . Prevalence of anti-basal ganglia antibodies in adult obsessive compulsive disorder: cross-sectional study . BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY vol. 200 , ( 5 ) 381 - 386 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Radue E-W, Stefoski D, McNeill M et al. ( 2012 ) . Primary results of the SELECTION trial of daclizumab HYP in relapsing multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 514 - 514 .

Ragnedda G, Disanto G, Giovannoni G, Ebers GC, Sotgiu S, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Protein-protein interaction analysis highlights additional loci of interest for multiple sclerosis . PLoS One vol. 7 , ( 10 )

Havrdova E, Gold R, Fox RJ, Kappos L, Kita M, Sarda SP, Yang M, Zhang R et al. ( 2012 ) . RELAPSES REQUIRING INTRAVENOUS STEROIDS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS: FINDINGS FROM THE PHASE 3 DEFINE AND CONFIRM STUDIES . VALUE IN HEALTH vol. 15 , ( 7 ) A546 - A546 .

Ali S, Paracha N, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Comi G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sørensen PS et al. ( 2012 ) . Reduction in Healthcare and Societal Resource Utilization Associated with Cladribine Tablets in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis : Analysis of Economic Data from the CLARITY Study . Clin Drug Investig vol. 32 , ( 1 ) 15 - 27 .

Ali S, Paracha N, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Comi G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sørensen PS et al. ( 2012 ) . Reduction in healthcare and societal resource utilization associated with cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: analysis of economic data from the CLARITY Study . Clin Drug Investig vol. 32 , ( 1 ) 15 - 27 .

Fox E, Arnold D, Brinar V, Cohen J, Coles A, Confavreux C, Giovannoni G, Hartung H et al. ( 2012 ) . Relapse Outcomes with Alemtuzumab vs. Rebif® in Treatment-Naive Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (CARE-MS I): Secondary and Tertiary Endpoints . NEUROLOGY . vol. 78 ,

Havrdova E, Gold R, Fox RJ, Kappos L, Kita M, Yang M, Zhang R, Dawson KT et al. ( 2012 ) . Relapses requiring intravenous steroid use and MS-related hospitalisations: findings from the phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 204 - 205 .

Noyce AJ, Bestwick J, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Schrag A ( 2012 ) . Risk factors and early non-motor features for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 27 , S4 - S4 .

Sorensen PS, Bertolotto A, Edan G, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Havrdova E, Kappos L, Kieseier BC et al. ( 2012 ) . Risk stratification for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with natalizumab . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 18 , ( 2 ) 143 - 152 .

Disanto G, Morahan JM, Lacey MV, DeLuca GC, Giovannoni G, Ebers GC, Ramagopalan SV ( 2012 ) . Seasonal distribution of psychiatric births in England . PLoS One vol. 7 , ( 4 )

Raffel J, Dobson R, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . THE EFFECT OF NATALIZUMAB AND INTERFERON-β ON URINARY FREE LIGHT CHAINS AND ANTI-EBV NUCLEAR ANTIGEN-1 ANTIBODIES IN RELAPSING REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Noyce A, Treacy C, Budu C, Fearnley J, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . THE NEW BRADYKINESIA AKINESIA INCOORDINATION (BRAIN) TEST: AN ONLINE TEST OF UPPER LIMB MOVEMENT . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . The REFLEX study: a missed opportunity? . Lancet Neurol vol. 11 , ( 1 ) 22 - 24 .

Havrdova E, Gold R, Giovannoni G, Umans K, Glyman S, Elkins J ( 2012 ) . The effect of daclizumab HYP on sustained disability progression in the SELECT trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 435 - 436 .

Topping J, Evdoshenko E, Dobson R, Lapin S, Maslyanskiy A, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . The effects of intrathecal rituximab on biomarkers in MS . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 268 - 268 .

Noyce AJ, Treacy C, Budu C, Fearnley J, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . The new Bradykinesia Akinesia Incoordination (BRAIN) test: preliminary data from an online test of upper limb movement . Mov Disord vol. 27 , ( 1 ) 157 - 158 .

Acharya S, Nagy A, Budu C, Treacy C, Fearnley J, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G, Noyce AJ ( 2012 ) . The new bradykinesia akinesia incoordination (BRAIN) test: People with Parkinson's disease versus healthy controls . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 27 , S102 - S102 .

Meier UC, Giovannoni G, Tzartos J, Khan G ( 2012 ) . Translational Mini-Review Series on B cell subsets in disease. B cells in multiple sclerosis: drivers of disease pathogenesis and Trojan horse for Epstein-Barr virus entry to the central nervous system? . Clin. Exp. Immunol vol. 167 , ( 1 ) 1 - 6 .

Dobson R, Topping J, Davis A, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . Urinary and CSF biomarkers in multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 18 , 502 - 503 .

Cook SD, Dhib-Jalbut S, Dowling P, Durelli L, Ford C, Giovannoni G, Halper J, Harris C et al. ( 2012 ) . Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Well as Clinical Disease Activity in the Clinical Classification of Multiple Sclerosis and Assessment of Its Course: A Report from an International CMSC Consensus Conference, March 5-7, 2010 . Int J MS Care vol. 14 , ( 3 ) 105 - 114 .

Dobson R, Giovannoni G ( 2012 ) . WHY CAN'T I WIN ANY MORE? . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Giovannoni G, Cook SD ( 2011 ) . Cladribine to treat multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics , Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Tzartos JS, Khan G, Vossenkamper A, Cruz-Sadaba M, Lonardi S, Sefia E, Meager A, Elia A et al. ( 2011 ) . Association of innate immune activation with latent Epstein Barr virus in active MS lesions . Neurology vol. 78 , ( 1 ) 15 - 23 .

Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Why all the interest in NCAM? . Alzheimer's Disease Research Journal vol. 4 , ( 3 ) 301 - 314 .

Farrell RA, Espasandin M, Lakdawala N, Creeke PI, Worthington V, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Incorporation of an interferon-β neutralizing antibody assay into routine clinical practice . Mult Scler vol. 17 , ( 11 ) 1333 - 1340 .

Disanto G, Handel AE, Morahan JM, Deluca GC, Kimball SM, Hypponen E, Giovannoni G, Ebers GC et al. ( 2011 ) . Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis hospital admissions in Scotland . QJM vol. 104 , ( 11 ) 1001 - 1003 .

Hadavi S, Noyce AJ, Leslie RD, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Stiff person syndrome . Pract Neurol vol. 11 , ( 5 ) 272 - 282 .

Gnanapavan S, Vincent A, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Surviving stiff-person syndrome: a case report . J NEUROL vol. 258 , ( 10 ) 1898 - 1900 .

Deisenhammer F, Egg R, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Petzold A, Sellebjerg F, Teunissen C, Tumani H ( 2011 ) . Disease‐Specific Cerebrospinal Fluid Investigations . European Handbook of Neurological Management , Wiley

Rammohan K, Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rieckmann P, Sørensen PS, Vermersch P, Hamlett A et al. ( 2011 ) . Cladribine tablets for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: Efficacy across patient subgroups from the phase III CLARITY study . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 1 , ( 1 ) 49 - 54 .

Al-Izki S, Pryce G, O'Neill JK, Butter C, Giovannoni G, Amor S, Baker D ( 2011 ) . Practical guide to the induction of relapsing progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Biozzi ABH mouse . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 1 , ( 1 ) 29 - 38 .

Gafson A, Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH ( 2011 ) . The diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: From Charcot to McDonald . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 1 , ( 1 ) 9 - 14 .

Maruszak H, Brew BJ, Giovannoni G, Gold J ( 2011 ) . Could antiretroviral drugs be effective in multiple sclerosis? A case report . Eur J Neurol vol. 18 , ( 9 ) e110 - e111 .

Tumani H, Deisenhammer F, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Hartung HP, Hemmer B, Hohlfeld R, Otto M et al. ( 2011 ) . Revised McDonald Criteria: The Persisting Importance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis . ANN NEUROL vol. 70 , ( 3 ) 520 - 520 .

Disanto G, Meier U, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2011 ) . Vitamin D: a link between Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis development? . EXPERT REV NEUROTHER vol. 11 , ( 9 ) 1221 - 1224 .

Banwell B, Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Lublin F ( 2011 ) . Editor's Welcome . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders vol. 1 , ( 1 ) 1 - 2 .

Al-Izki S, Pryce G, Jackson SJ, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2011 ) . Immunosuppression with FTY720 is insufficient to prevent secondary progressive neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis . Mult Scler vol. 17 , ( 8 ) 939 - 948 .

Phillips JT, Giovannoni G, Lublin FD, O'Connor PW, Polman CH, Willoughby E, Aschenbach W, Pace A et al. ( 2011 ) . Sustained improvement in Expanded Disability Status Scale as a new efficacy measure of neurological change in multiple sclerosis: treatment effects with natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER J vol. 17 , ( 8 ) 970 - 979 .

Teunissen CE, Tumani H, Bennett JL, Berven FS, Brundin L, Comabella M, Franciotta D, Federiksen JL et al. ( 2011 ) . [Retracted] Consensus Guidelines for CSF and Blood Biobanking for CNS Biomarker Studies . Multiple Sclerosis International vol. 2011 , ( 1 )

Jackson SJ, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2011 ) . Fingolimod modulates microglial activation to augment markers of remyelination . J Neuroinflammation vol. 8 ,

Ramagopalan SV, Hoang U, Seagroatt V, Handel A, Ebers GC, Giovannoni G, Goldacre MJ ( 2011 ) . Geography of hospital admissions for multiple sclerosis in England and comparison with the geography of hospital admissions for infectious mononucleosis: a descriptive study . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 82 , ( 6 ) 682 - 687 .

Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . CSF markers . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 258 , 9 - 9 .

Cook S, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Scarramozza M et al. ( 2011 ) . Cladribine tablets in patients who had failed prior treatment with injectable disease-modifying drugs for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: evaluation of treatment effect in the CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 258 , 260 - 260 .

Rammohan K, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Kurukulasuriya N et al. ( 2011 ) . Efficacy of cladribine tablets for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in patients with high disease activity: results from the phase III, 96-week CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 258 , 21 - 21 .

Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Epstein-Barr Virus and MS . Int MS J vol. 17 , ( 2 ) 44 - 49 .

Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Vermersch P, Kurukulasuriya N et al. ( 2011 ) . Exploring correlations between changes in lymphocyte counts and clinical/magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in cladribine-treated patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: analyses from the double-blind, 96-week CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 258 , 48 - 48 .

Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Promising emerging therapies for multiple sclerosis . Neurol Clin vol. 29 , ( 2 ) 435 - 448 .

Cook S, Vermersch P, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Hamlett A et al. ( 2011 ) . Safety and tolerability of cladribine tablets in multiple sclerosis: the CLARITY (CLAdRIbine Tablets treating multiple sclerosis orallY) study . MULT SCLER J vol. 17 , ( 5 ) 578 - 593 .

Rammohan K, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Kurukulasuriya N et al. ( 2011 ) . Safety of cladribine tablets for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in patients with high disease activity: results from the phase III, 96-week CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 258 , 259 - 259 .

Vermersch P, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Kurukulasuriya N et al. ( 2011 ) . Tolerability profile of cladribine tablets therapy for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: factors contributing to treatment completion overall and in patients with high disease activity in the 96-week CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 258 , 259 - 259 .

Giovannoni G, Nath A ( 2011 ) . After the storm: neurofilament levels as a surrogate endpoint for neuroaxonal damage . Neurology vol. 76 , ( 14 ) 1200 - 1201 .

Meager A, Dolman C, Dilger P, Bird C, Giovannoni G, Schellekens H, Thorpe R, Wadhwa M ( 2011 ) . An Assessment of Biological Potency and Molecular Characteristics of Different Innovator and Noninnovator Interferon-Beta Products . J INTERF CYTOK RES vol. 31 , ( 4 ) 383 - 392 .

Ramagopalan SV, Handel AE, Giovannoni G, Siegel SR, Ebers GC, Chaplin G ( 2011 ) . Relationship of UV exposure to prevalence of multiple sclerosis in England . NEUROLOGY vol. 76 , ( 16 ) 1410 - 1414 .

Ramagopalan SV, Meier UC, Conacher M, Ebers GC, Giovannoni G, Crawford DH, McAulay KA ( 2011 ) . Role of the HLA system in the association between multiple sclerosis and infectious mononucleosis . Arch Neurol vol. 68 , ( 4 ) 469 - 472 .

Giovannoni G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sørensen PS, Vermersch P, Hamlett A, Viglietta V et al. ( 2011 ) . Sustained disease-activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets in the CLARITY study: a post-hoc and subgroup analysis . Lancet Neurol vol. 10 , ( 4 ) 329 - 337 .

Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Cannabinoids and B cells: emerging targets for treating progressive multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER J vol. 17 , ( 3 ) 259 - 261 .

Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Dale RC, Tardieu M ( 2011 ) . Therapies for multiple sclerosis: considerations in the pediatric patient . NAT REV NEUROL vol. 7 , ( 2 ) 109 - 122 .

Maghzi A-H, Marta M, Bosca I, Etemadifar M, Dobson R, Maggiore C, Giovannoni G, Meier U-C ( 2011 ) . Viral pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: A role for Epstein-Barr virus infection? . Pathophysiology vol. 18 , ( 1 ) 13 - 20 .

Handel AE, Williamson AJ, Disanto G, Dobson R, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2011 ) . Smoking and Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Meta-Analysis . PLOS ONE vol. 6 , ( 1 ) Article e16149 ,

Noyce AJ, Bestwick J, Hawkes CH, Schrag A, Knowles CH, Hardy J, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2011 ) . A pilot study of an algorithm designed to identify Parkinson's disease in the early, non-motor phase . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 26 , S54 - S54 .

Giovannoni G, Gold R, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Radue EW, Stefoski D, Robinson R et al. ( 2011 ) . A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of daclizumab HYP monotherapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: primary results of the SELECT trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S508 - S509 .

Noyce AJ, Bestwick J, Hawkes CH, Knowles CH, Hardy J, Lees AJ, Silveira-Moriyama L, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2011 ) . An algorithm to identify individuals at high-risk of Parkinson's disease in the community . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 26 , S54 - S55 .

Thomson A, Espasandin M, Denholm T, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Analysing and redesigning the outpatient experience for people with multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S486 - S486 .

Kappos L, Gold R, Arnold D, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Tompkins C, Agarwal S et al. ( 2011 ) . BG-12 effects on patient-reported outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from the DEFINE study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S488 - S489 .

Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Arnold D, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Yang M, Dawson K ( 2011 ) . Clinical efficacy of BG-12, an oral therapy, in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: data from the phase 3 DEFINE trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S34 - S34 .

Dobson R, Meier UC, Schmierer K, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Do siblings have markers of multiple sclerosis risk? . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S86 - S86 .

Coles A, Brinar V, Arnold DL, Cohen J, Confavreaux C, Fox EJ, Hartung HP, Havrdova E et al. ( 2011 ) . Efficacy and safety results from CARE-MS I: a phase 3 study comparing alemtuzumab and interferon-β-1a . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S510 - S510 .

Arnold D, Gold R, Bar-Or A, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Zhang R, Dawson K ( 2011 ) . Efficacy on MRI endpoints of BG-12, an oral therapy, in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: data from the phase 3 DEFINE trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S369 - S370 .

Graves RS, Pryce G, Cabranes A, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Bisogno T, Di Marzo V, Cravatt BF, Michael GJ et al. ( 2011 ) . Fatty acid amide hydrolase as a target for neuroprotection . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S431 - S431 .

Jackson S, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2011 ) . Fingolimod (FTY720) modulates microglial activation to augment markers of remyelination . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S210 - S210 .

Marta M, Santos E, Coutinho E, da Silva AM, Correia J, Vasconcelos C, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . INCREASED SERUM IL-8 LEVELS IN BEHCET DISEASE THAN NEUROBEHCET SYNDROME . CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL . vol. 29 , 173 - 173 .

Ramagopalan S, Disanto G, McAulay K, Giovannoni G, Ebers G ( 2011 ) . Identification of Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Epigenetic Changes and Association with Multiple Sclerosis . NEUROLOGY . vol. 76 , A657 - A657 .

Ramagopalan S, Ebers G, Meier U, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Identification of Epstein-Barr Virus associated epigenetic changes and association with multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S10 - S10 .

Tzartos JS, Khan G, Cruz-Sadaba M, Vossenkamper A, Lonardi S, Sefia E, Meager A, Middledorp J et al. ( 2011 ) . Innate immune activation is associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus infection in active MS lesions . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S350 - S350 .

Giovannoni G, Sorensen PS, Butzkueven H, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P et al. ( 2011 ) . Mitigating severe lymphopenia: post hoc analysis of data from the 96-week CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S454 - S455 .

Meier UC, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . More to come: humoral immune responses in MS . Journal of Neuroimmunology vol. 240-241 , 13 - 21 .

Lidster K, Jackson S, Coffey P, Baker M, Garthwaite J, Selwood D, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2011 ) . Neuroprotection in a novel optic neuritis model . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S435 - S435 .

Selmaj K, Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Arnold D, Giovannoni G, Sweetser M, Novas M et al. ( 2011 ) . Safety and tolerability of BG-12 in the phase 3 DEFINE trial in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S451 - S451 .

Al-Izki S, Pryce G, Amor S, Gerritsen W, Garthwaite J, Giovannoni G, Selwood DL, Baker D ( 2011 ) . Selective targeting of neuroprotection to MS lesions: sodium channel blockers in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S209 - S210 .

Pryce G, Visintin C, Lutz B, Marsicano G, Giovannoni G, Selwood DL, Baker D ( 2011 ) . Selective targeting of spasticity by CNS-excluded cannabinoids . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S247 - S247 .

Marta M, Santos E, Coutinho E, da Silva AM, Correia J, Vasconcelos C, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . VIRAL INFECTIONS IN NEUROBEHCET SYNDROME . CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL . vol. 29 , 193 - 194 .

Baker D, Pryce G, Visintin C, Pertwee RG, Tanner C, Ross R, Irving A, Sisay S et al. ( 2011 ) . VSN16R a novel agent for the control of spasticity . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL vol. 17 , S243 - S243 .

Dobson R, Meier UC, Marta M, Ramagopalan S, Giovannoni G ( 2011 ) . Vitamin D deficiency - do we follow our own advice? . CLINICAL MEDICINE vol. 11 , ( 6 ) 521 - 523 .

Maghzi A-H, Marta M, Bosca I, Savoj M-R, Etemadifar M, Giovannoni G, Meier U-C ( 2010 ) . 2 Epstein–Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis Wrong Place, Wrong Time? . Neuroinflammation , Elsevier

Maghzi AH, Marta M, Bosca I, Savoj MR, Etemadifar M, Giovannoni G, Meier UC ( 2010 ) . Epstein–Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: Wrong Place, Wrong Time? . Elsevier

Petzold A, Mondria T, Kuhle J, Rocca MA, Cornelissen J, Boekhorst PT, Lowenberg B, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2010 ) . Evidence for Acute Neurotoxicity after Chemotherapy . ANN NEUROL vol. 68 , ( 6 ) 806 - 815 .

Dobson R, Feldmann M, Thompson AJ, Giovannoni G, Miller DH, Thompson EJ, Palmer HE, Miller RF ( 2010 ) . INCREASED URINARY FREE IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN EXCRETION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 81 , E57 - E57 .

Marshall C, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . PROGRESSIVE ATAXIA WITH UNUSUAL RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 81 , E34 - E34 .

Ramagopalan SV, Heger A, Berlanga AJ, Maugeri NJ, Lincoln MR, Burrell A, Handunnetthi L, Handel AE et al. ( 2010 ) . A ChIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: Associations with disease and evolution . GENOME RES vol. 20 , ( 10 ) 1352 - 1360 .

Pollard J, Boundy K, Butzkueven H, King J, Macdonell R, Giovannoni G, Stefano N, Rocak S et al. ( 2010 ) . Benefits of the serum-free formulation of interferon beta-1a: Lessons from clinical trials . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 16 , 1282 - 1282 .

Farrell RA, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Current and Future Role of Interferon Beta in the Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis . J INTERF CYTOK RES vol. 30 , ( 10 ) 715 - 726 .

Rieckmann P, Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2010 ) . Efficacy of short-course oral therapy with cladribine tablets for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the 96-week, Phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 16 , 1283 - 1283 .

Rieckmann P, Cook S, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2010 ) . Safety and tolerability of short-course oral therapy with cladribine tablets for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the 96-week, Phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 16 , 1283 - 1284 .

Deisenhammer F, Bartos A, Egg R, Gilhus NE, Giovannoni G, Rauer S, Sellebjerg F, Tumani H ( 2010 ) . Routine Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis . European Handbook of Neurological Management ,

Handel AE, Williamson AJ, Disanto G, Handunnetthi L, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV ( 2010 ) . An Updated Meta-Analysis of Risk of Multiple Sclerosis following Infectious Mononucleosis . PLOS ONE vol. 5 , ( 9 ) Article e12496 ,

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2010 ) . Analysis of clinical and radiological disease activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets, in the double-blind, 96-week CLARITY study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 17 , 215 - 215 .

Rieckmann P, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Bock D et al. ( 2010 ) . Consistent efficacy of cladribine tablets across the spectrum of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis of differing severity: data from the 96-week, double-blind CLARITY study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 17 , 56 - 56 .

Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Hamlett A et al. ( 2010 ) . Consistent reductions in MRI activity with cladribine tablets therapy for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the CLARITY study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 17 , 485 - 485 .

Khaleeli, Healy, Briddon, Lunn, Reilly, Land, Giovannoni ( 2010 ) . Copper deficiency as a treatable cause of poor balance . Praxis vol. 99 , ( 19 ) 1153 - 1156 .

Handel AE, Handunnetthi L, Giovannoni G, Ebers GC, Ramagopalan SV ( 2010 ) . Genetic and environmental factors and the distribution of multiple sclerosis in Europe . EUR J NEUROL vol. 17 , ( 9 ) 1210 - 1214 .

Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . The first on the stage: cladribine . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 17 , 14 - 14 .

Rejdak K, Leary SM, Petzold A, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Urinary neopterin and nitric oxide metabolites as markers of interferon beta-1a activity in primary progressive multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER vol. 16 , ( 9 ) 1066 - 1072 .

Berger JR, Centonze D, Comi G, Confavreux C, Cutter G, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Hartung H et al. ( 2010 ) . Considerations on discontinuing natalizumab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis . Annals of Neurology vol. 68 , ( 3 ) 409 - 411 .

Gnanapavan S, Grant D, Illes-Toth E, Lakdawala N, Keir G, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Neural cell adhesion molecule--description of a CSF ELISA method and evidence of reduced levels in selected neurological disorders . J Neuroimmunol vol. 225 , ( 1-2 ) 118 - 122 .

Ramagopalan SV, Hanwell HEC, Giovannoni G, Knappskog PM, Nyland HI, Myhr KM, Ebers GC, Torkildsen O ( 2010 ) . Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets, HIA-DRB1, and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis . ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO vol. 67 , ( 8 ) 1034 - 1035 .

Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . CSF GFAP: Volcanic ash from anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-mediated destruction of astrocytes . Neurology vol. 75 , ( 3 ) 200 - 201 .

Ramagopalan SV, Dobson R, Meier UC, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Multiple sclerosis: risk factors, prodromes, and potential causal pathways . Lancet Neurol vol. 9 , ( 7 ) 727 - 739 .

Polman CH, Bertolotto A, Deisenhammer F, Giovannoni G, Hartung HP, Hemmer B, Killestein J, McFarland HF et al. ( 2010 ) . Recommendations for clinical use of data on neutralising antibodies to interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis . LANCET NEUROL vol. 9 , ( 7 ) 740 - 750 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2010 ) . Analysis of clinical and radiological disease activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets, in the double-blind, 96-week CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 257 , S21 - S21 .

Rieckmann P, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2010 ) . Consistent efficacy of cladribine tablets across multiple sclerosis and patient characteristics, in the double-blind, 96-week CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 257 , S142 - S143 .

Sorensen PS, Rieckmann P, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Vermersch P, Bock D et al. ( 2010 ) . Reconstitution of circulating lymphocyte subsets after treatment with cladribine tablets in the 96-week CLARITY study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 257 , S143 - S143 .

Giovannoni G, Cook S, Sørensen PS ( 2010 ) . Dr. Giovannoni and colleagues reply . New England Journal of Medicine vol. 362 , ( 18 ) 1739 - 1740 .

Giovannoni G, Cook S, Sorensen PS, CLARITY Study Grp ( 2010 ) . Oral Cladribine and Fingolimod for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis REPLY . NEW ENGL J MED vol. 362 , ( 18 ) 1739 - 1740 .

Peferoen LAN, Lamers F, Lodder LNR, Gerritsen WH, Huitinga I, Melief J, Giovannoni G, Meier U et al. ( 2010 ) . Epstein Barr virus is not a characteristic feature in the central nervous system in established multiple sclerosis . BRAIN vol. 133 , Article e137 ,

Ramagopalan SV, Dyment DA, Giovannoni G, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC ( 2010 ) . HLA-DRB1*15, Low Infant Sibling Exposure, and Multiple Sclerosis Gene-Environment Interaction . ANN NEUROL vol. 67 , ( 5 ) 694 - 695 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . The McDonald Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis: time for clarification . Mult Scler vol. 16 , ( 5 ) 566 - 575 .

Swedo SE, Schrag A, Gilbert R, Giovannoni G, Robertson MM, Metcalfe C, Ben-Shlomo Y, Gilbert DL ( 2010 ) . STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION, TOURETTE SYNDROME, AND OCD: IS THERE A CONNECTION? PANDAS: HORSE OR ZEBRA? . Neurology vol. 74 , ( 17 ) 1397 - 1399 .

Khaleeli Z, Healy DG, Briddon A, Lunn MP, Reilly MM, Land J, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Lesson of the Week Copper deficiency as a treatable cause of poor balance . BRIT MED J vol. 340 , Article c508 ,

Clifford DB, DeLuca A, Simpson DM, Arendt G, Giovannoni G, Nath A ( 2010 ) . Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases . LANCET NEUROL vol. 9 , ( 4 ) 438 - 446 .

Guimond C, Dyment DA, Ramagopalan SV, Giovannoni G, Criscuoli M, Yee IM, Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD ( 2010 ) . Prevalence of MS in Iranian Immigrants to British Columbia, Canada . J NEUROL vol. 257 , ( 4 ) 667 - 668 .

Dobson R, Miller RF, Palmer HE, Feldmann M, Thompson EJ, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Increased urinary free immunoglobulin light chain excretion in patients with multiple sclerosis . J Neuroimmunol vol. 220 , ( 1-2 ) 99 - 103 .

Radue E-W, Stuart WH, Calabresi PA, Confavreux C, Galetta SL, Rudick RA, Lublin FD, Weinstock-Guttman B et al. ( 2010 ) . Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a reduces lesion formation in relapsing multiple sclerosis . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 292 , ( 1-2 ) 28 - 35 .

Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Recent developments in oral medications for the treatment of multiple sclerosis . Future Neurology vol. 5 , ( 2 ) 167 - 172 .

Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament: the biomarker that will resuscitate the 'Spinal Tap' . Mult Scler vol. 16 , ( 3 ) 285 - 286 .

Handel AE, Giovannoni G, Ebers GC, Ramagopalan SV ( 2010 ) . Environmental factors and their timing in adult-onset multiple sclerosis . NAT REV NEUROL vol. 6 , ( 3 ) 156 - 166 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg Sørensen P, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2010 ) . A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis . N Engl J Med vol. 362 , ( 5 ) 416 - 426 .

Teunissen CE, Tumani HT, Bennett JL, Berven FS, Brundin L, Comabella M, Franciotta D, Federiksen JL et al. ( 2010 ) . Short commentary on 'a consensus protocol for the standardization of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking' . MULT SCLER vol. 16 , ( 2 ) 129 - 132 .

Petzold A, Altintas A, Laura C, Bartos A, Achim F, Blankenstein MA, Luc H, Castellazzi M et al. ( 2010 ) . Neurofilament ELISA validation . J IMMUNOL METHODS vol. 352 , ( 1-2 ) 23 - 31 .

Teunissen CE, Petzold A, Bennett JL, Berven FS, Brundin L, Comabella M, Franciotta D, Federiksen JL et al. ( 2010 ) . A consensus protocol for the standardisation of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking . LABORATORIUMSMEDIZIN vol. 34 , ( 1 ) 1 - 12 .

Ramagopalan SV, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Effects of infectious mononucleosis and HLA-DRB1*15 in multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER vol. 16 , ( 1 ) 127 - 128 .

Handel AE, Handunnetthi L, Giovannoni G, Ebers GC, Ramagopalan SV ( 2010 ) . Genetic and Environmental Factors and the Distribution of Multiple Sclerosis in Europe . ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 68 , S56 - S56 .

Rolls AES, Giovannoni G, Constantinescu CS, Boniface D, Hawkes CH ( 2010 ) . Multiple Sclerosis, Lymphoma and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: The Central Role of Epstein-Barr Virus? . EUR NEUROL vol. 63 , ( 1 ) 29 - 35 .

Rejdak K, Jackson S, Giovannoni G ( 2010 ) . Multiple sclerosis: a practical overview for clinicians . Br Med Bull vol. 95 , 79 - 104 .

Ramagopalan SV, Link J, Byrnes JK, Dyment DA, Giovannoni G, Hintzen RQ, Sundqvist E, Kockum I et al. ( 2009 ) . HLA-DRB1 and month of birth in multiple sclerosis . NEUROLOGY vol. 73 , ( 24 ) 2107 - 2111 .

Teunissen CE, Petzold A, Bennett JL, Berven FS, Brundin L, Comabella M, Franciotta D, Frederiksen JL et al. ( 2009 ) . A consensus protocol for the standardization of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking . NEUROLOGY vol. 73 , ( 22 ) 1914 - 1922 .

Ramagopalan SV, Giovannoni G ( 2009 ) . Can we predict multiple sclerosis? . Lancet Neurol vol. 8 , ( 12 ) 1077 - 1079 .

Martino D, Defazio G, Giovannoni G ( 2009 ) . The PANDAS subgroup of tic disorders and childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder . J PSYCHOSOM RES vol. 67 , ( 6 ) 547 - 557 .

Schrag A, Gilbert R, Giovannoni G, Robertson MM, Metcalfe C, Ben-Shlomo Y ( 2009 ) . Streptococcal infection, Tourette syndrome, and OCD: is there a connection? . Neurology vol. 73 , ( 16 ) 1256 - 1263 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . Clinical outcomes of short-course oral treatment with cladribine tablets for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES . vol. 285 , S114 - S114 .

Giovannoni G, De Stefano N, Migliaccio M ( 2009 ) . Development of a new formulation of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: efficacy, safety and immunogenicity results from a comprehensive pre-clinical and clinical trial series . JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES . vol. 285 , S204 - S204 .

Munschauer F, Giovannoni G, O'Connor PW, Phillips JT, Polman CH, Pace A, Kim R, Hyde R et al. ( 2009 ) . Effects of natalizumab treatment on sustained improvement in physical disability and quality of life in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis . JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES . vol. 285 , S109 - S109 .

Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . MRI outcomes of short-course oral treatment with cladribine tablets for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES . vol. 285 , S114 - S114 .

Cook S, Vermersch P, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . Safety and tolerability of short-course oral treatment with cladribine tablets for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES . vol. 285 , S206 - S206 .

Petzold A, Mondria T, Kuhle J, Cornelissen J, Rocca M, Boekhorst PT, Lowenberg B, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2009 ) . Acute treatment related neurotoxicity in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S274 - S274 .

Rammohan K, Vermersch P, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . Cladribine tablets produce sustained improvements in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S249 - S249 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . Clinical outcomes with cladribine tablets in the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S136 - S137 .

Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . Disease-free status achieved with cladribine tablets in the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S137 - S137 .

Vermersch P, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . Early onset of effect of treatment with cladribine tablets for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S249 - S249 .

Sorensen PS, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . Effects of cladribine tablets on haematological profiles in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S137 - S137 .

Rieckmann P, Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Sorensen PS, Vermersch P, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . Effects of cladribine tablets on peripheral lymphocyte subtypes implicated in multiple sclerosis immunopathogenesis: surface marker analysis for a subset of patients from the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S248 - S249 .

Batocchi AP, Tavazzi B, Frisullo G, Amorini AM, Nociti V, Plantone D, Patanella AK, Petzold A et al. ( 2009 ) . Increase of uric acid and purine compounds in serum of multiple sclerosis patients . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S203 - S204 .

Munschauer F, Giovannoni G, O'Connor PW, Phillips JT, Polman CH, Pace A, Hyde R, Kim R ( 2009 ) . Natalizumab improves disability on the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S124 - S125 .

Maghzi AH, Meier U, Holden D, Marta M, Kantor A, Waubant E, Giovannoni G, Goelz S ( 2009 ) . Natural killer cell status in multiple sclerosis and its association with interferon beta-1a treatment . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S73 - S73 .

Cook S, Vermersch P, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Rammohan K, Rieckmann P, Sorensen PS, Chang P et al. ( 2009 ) . Safety and tolerability of cladribine tablets in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis during the 96-week, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled CLARITY study . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S20 - S20 .

Tzartos J, Khan G, Vossenkaemper A, Meager T, Sefia E, Clemens M, Giovannoni G, Esiri M et al. ( 2009 ) . The anti-viral cytokine interferon-alpha is expressed in acute MS lesions and associated with the presence of Epstein-Barr virus infection . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S276 - S276 .

Farrell R, Worthington V, Creeke P, Giovannoni G ( 2009 ) . What do we do with positive neutralising antibody tests in subjects with MS? . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 15 , S242 - S242 .

Tumani H, Hartung HP, Hemmer B, Teunissen C, Deisenhammer F, Giovannoni G, Zettl UK, BioMS Study Grp ( 2009 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis . NEUROBIOL DIS vol. 35 , ( 2 ) 117 - 127 .

Martino D, Dale RC, Gilbert DL, Giovannoni G, Leckman JF ( 2009 ) . Immunopathogenic Mechanisms in Tourette Syndrome: A Critical Review . MOVEMENT DISORD vol. 24 , ( 9 ) 1267 - 1279 .

Farrell RA, Antony D, Wall GR, Clark DA, Fisniku L, Swanton J, Khaleeli Z, Schmierer K et al. ( 2009 ) . Humoral immune response to EBV in multiple sclerosis is associated with disease activity on MRI . NEUROLOGY vol. 73 , ( 1 ) 32 - 38 .

Al-Izki S, Pryce G, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2009 ) . Evaluating potential therapies for bladder dysfunction in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis with high-resolution ultrasonography . Mult Scler vol. 15 , ( 7 ) 795 - 801 .

Amorini AM, Petzold A, Tavazzi B, Eikelenboom J, Keir G, Belli A, Giovannoni G, Di Preto V et al. ( 2009 ) . Increase of uric acid and purine compounds in biological fluids of multiple sclerosis patients . CLIN BIOCHEM vol. 42 , ( 10-11 ) 1001 - 1006 .

Deisenhammer F, Egg R, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Petzold A, Sellebjerg F, Teunissen C, Tumani H ( 2009 ) . EFNS guidelines on disease-specific CSF investigations . EUR J NEUROL vol. 16 , ( 6 ) 760 - 770 .

Salvetti M, Giovannoni G, Aloisi F ( 2009 ) . Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis . CURR OPIN NEUROL vol. 22 , ( 3 ) 201 - 206 .

Giovannoni G, Munschauer F, O'Connor PW, Phillips JT, Polman CH, Pace A, Kim R, Panzara MA ( 2009 ) . Natalizumab improves physical disability in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 256 , S124 - S124 .

Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Calabresi PA, Confavreux C, Giovannoni G, Galetta SL, Havrdova E, Lublin FD et al. ( 2009 ) . The efficacy of natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of AFFIRM and SENTINEL ( vol 256, pg 405, 2009) . J NEUROL vol. 256 , ( 6 ) 1035 - 1037 .

Luk C, Giovannoni G, Williams DR, Lees AJ, de Silva R ( 2009 ) . Development of a sensitive ELISA for quantification of three- and four-repeat tau isoforms in tauopathies . J NEUROSCI METH vol. 180 , ( 1 ) 34 - 42 .

Leary S, Giovannoni G, Howard R, Miller D, Thompson A ( 2009 ) . Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases . Neurology , Wiley

Hu MTM, Butterworth R, Giovannoni G, Church A, Logsdail S ( 2009 ) . Chorea . CLIN MED vol. 9 , ( 2 ) 188 - 189 .

Havrdova E, Galetta S, Hutchinson M, Stefoski D, Bates D, Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2009 ) . Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study . LANCET NEUROL vol. 8 , ( 3 ) 254 - 260 .

Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Calabresi PA, Confavreux C, Giovannoni G, Galetta SL, Havrdova E, Lublin FD et al. ( 2009 ) . The efficacy of natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of AFFIRM and SENTINEL . J NEUROL vol. 256 , ( 3 ) 405 - 415 .

Khatri BO, Man S, Giovannoni G, Koo AP, Lee JC, Tucky B, Lynn F, Jurgensen S et al. ( 2009 ) . Effect of plasma exchange in accelerating natalizumab clearance and restoring leukocyte function . NEUROLOGY vol. 72 , ( 5 ) 402 - 409 .

Giovannoni G, Barbarash O, Casset-Semanaz F, King J, Metz L, Pardo G, Simsarian J, Sørensen PS et al. ( 2009 ) . Safety and immunogenicity of a new formulation of interferon beta-1a (Rebif New Formulation) in a Phase IIIb study in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: 96-week results . Mult Scler vol. 15 , ( 2 ) 219 - 228 .

Ramagopalan SV, Valdar W, Dyment DA, DeLuca GC, Yee IM, Giovannoni G, Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD et al. ( 2009 ) . Association of Infectious Mononucleosis with Multiple Sclerosis . NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY vol. 32 , ( 4 ) 257 - 262 .

Maggiore C, Meier UC, Marta M, Nissim A, Giovannoni G ( 2009 ) . B Cells and EBV Infection in People with MS . NEUROLOGY . vol. 72 , A37 - A37 .

Farrell R, Worthington V, Fogell-Hahn A, Creeke P, Keir G, Giovannoni G ( 2009 ) . DEVELOPING IMPROVED GUIDELINES TO INTERPRET ANTI-IFN NEUTRALISING ANTIBODY TITRES: CORRELATION OF IN VIVO MARKERS OF IFNB; BIOACTIVITY (MXA) WITH LUCIFERASE REPORTER GENE NAB TITRES . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 80 , 99 - 100 .

Cavanna AE, Martino D, Orth M, Giovannoni G, Stern JS, Robertson MM, Critchley HD ( 2009 ) . Neuropsychiatric-developmental model for the expression of tics, pervasive developmental disorder, and schizophreniform symptomatology associated with PANDAS . WORLD J BIOL PSYCHIA vol. 10 , ( 4 ) 1037 - 1038 .

Monaghan TS, McCarthy AJ, Simister RJ, Rakshi JS, Giovannoni G, Costelloe L, Counihan TJ, Murphy RP et al. ( 2009 ) . OCULAR FLUTTER-OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME IN AN ADULT NEUROLOGICAL PRACTICE: AETIOLOGY AND OUTCOME . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 80 , 103 - 103 .

Cohen BA, Oger J, Gagnon A, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . The implications of immunogenicity for protein-based multiple sclerosis therapies . J NEUROL SCI vol. 275 , ( 1-2 ) 7 - 17 .

Hampton DW, Anderson J, Pryce G, Irvine KA, Giovannoni G, Fawcett JW, Compston A, Franklin RJM et al. ( 2008 ) . An experimental model of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis that shows regional variation in gliosis, remyelination, axonal and neuronal loss . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 201 , 200 - 211 .

Maggiore C, Trillo-Pazos G, Keir G, Pizzolato G, Edomi P, Nissim A, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . Ectopic germinal centres in the brain of people with multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 14 , S231 - S231 .

Farrell R, Antony D, Clark D, Garson J, Miller DH, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . Effect of interferon beta and the development of neutralising antibodies, on reactivation of latent EBV, in patients with multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 14 , S229 - S229 .

Farrell R, Wadhwa M, Worthington V, Creeke P, Thorpe R, Dilger P, Giovannoni G, Meager A ( 2008 ) . Evaluation of activity, aggregation and NAB testing with generic interferon beta products: implications for treating multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 14 , S40 - S40 .

Jackson S, Al-Izik S, Pryce G, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2008 ) . Fingolimod reduces axonal loss in relapsing secondary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 14 , S80 - S81 .

Parkes H, Shorter S, So PW, Baker D, Pryce G, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K ( 2008 ) . High resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic-based metabolomic urine analysis of experimental autoimmune encephalitis, a model disease of multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 14 , S86 - S87 .

Havrdova E, Bates D, Galetta SL, Giovannoni G, Lublin F, O'Connor P, Phillips JT, Polman C et al. ( 2008 ) . Natalizumab increases the proportion of disease-free patients in relapsing multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL . vol. 14 , S47 - S47 .

Munschauer F, Giovannoni G, Lublin F, O'Connor P, Phillips JT, Polman C, Pace A, Kim R et al. ( 2008 ) . Natalizumab significantly increases the cumulative probability of sustained improvement in physical disability . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 14 , S167 - S168 .

Gnanapavan S, Jackson S, Grant D, Keir G, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . Neural cell adhesion molecule as a biomarker of neuro-regeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 14 , S281 - S281 .

Cavanna AE, Draganski B, Martino D, Robertson MM, Defazio G, Monaco F, Giovannoni G, Frackowiak RSJ et al. ( 2008 ) . The neural correlates of premonitory urges in Tourette syndrome . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 15 , 105 - 105 .

Martino D, Draganski B, Cavanna AE, Robertson MM, Defazio G, Orth M, Giovannoni G, Frackowiak RSJ et al. ( 2008 ) . Tourette syndrome with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a voxel-based morphometry MRI comparison study . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 15 , 121 - 122 .

Lam R, Farrell R, Aziz T, Gibbs E, Giovannoni G, Grossberg S, Oger J ( 2008 ) . Validating parameters of a luciferase reporter gene assay to measure neutralizing antibodies to IFN beta in multiple sclerosis patients . J IMMUNOL METHODS vol. 336 , ( 2 ) 113 - 118 .

Al-Izki S, Pryce G, Jackson S, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2008 ) . Neuroprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis . JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY . vol. 197 , 173 - 173 .

Anderson JM, Hampton DW, Patani R, Pryce G, Crowther RA, Reynolds R, Franklin RJM, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2008 ) . Abnormally phosphorylated tau is associated with neuronal and axonal loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis . BRAIN vol. 131 , 1736 - 1748 .

Martino D, Draganski B, Cavanna A, Church A, Defazio G, Robertson MM, Frackowiak RSJ, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2008 ) . Anti-basal ganglia antibodies and Tourette's syndrome: a voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study in an adult population . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 79 , ( 7 ) 820 - 822 .

Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . To test or not to test: NMO-IgG and optic neuritis . NEUROLOGY vol. 70 , ( 23 ) 2192 - 2193 .

Confavreux C, Galetta SL, Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Lublin FD, O'Connor PW, Phillips JT et al. ( 2008 ) . Complete clinical and magnetic resonance imaging response with natalizumab in multiple sclerosis . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 255 , 37 - 37 .

Maggiore C, Trillo-Pazos G, Reynolds R, Giovannoni G, Miller D ( 2008 ) . Detection of EBV antigens in germinal centres in the brain of people with multiple sclerosis . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 255 , 9 - 9 .

Farrell R, Antony D, Clark D, Swanton J, Fisniku L, Khaleeli Z, Thompson A, Miller DH et al. ( 2008 ) . Investigation of role of peripheral EBV reactivation in driving multiple sclerosis disease activity as measured by gadolinium enhanced MRI . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 255 , 20 - 20 .

van de Warrenburg BPC, Church AJ, Martino D, Candler PM, Bhatia KP, Giovannoni G, Quinn NP ( 2008 ) . Antineuronal antibodies in Parkinson's disease . MOVEMENT DISORD vol. 23 , ( 7 ) 958 - 963 .

Kalman B, Church AJ, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . Poststreptococcal Movement Disorders . Neuroimmunology in Clinical Practice , Wiley

Hintzen RQ, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . CSF analysis in suspected MS - Do bands aid? . NEUROLOGY vol. 70 , ( 13 ) 1059 - 1060 .

Farrell R, Anthony D, Clark D, Swanton J, Fisniku L, Khaleeli Z, Garson J, Thompson AJ et al. ( 2008 ) . Is multiple disease activity, as detected by gadolinium enhanced MRI, associated with virological and immunological evidence of EBV reactivation in peripheral blood? . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 79 , 350 - 351 .

Farrell R, Kapoor R, Leary S, Rudge P, Thompson AJ, Millerand DH, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . Neutralizing anti-interferon beta antibodies are associated with reduced side effects and delayed impact on efficacy of Interferon-beta . MULT SCLER vol. 14 , ( 2 ) 212 - 218 .

Deisenhammer F, Bartos A, Egg R, Gilhus NE, Giovannoni G, Rauer S, Sellebjerg F ( 2008 ) . Routine Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis . European Handbook of Neurological Management , Wiley

Gnanapavan S, Keir G, Grant D, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . A sensitive ELISA method for the detection of human neural cell adhesion molecule (NCam) in cerebrospinal fluid . NEUROLOGY . vol. 70 , A338 - A338 .

Croxford JL, Pryce G, Jackson SJ, Ledent C, Giovannoni G, Pertwee RG, Yamamura T, Baker D ( 2008 ) . Cannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection, not immuno suppression, may be more relevant to multiple sclerosis . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 193 , ( 1-2 ) 120 - 129 .

Rejdak K, Petzold A, Stelmasiak Z, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid brain specific proteins in relation to nitric oxide metabolites during relapse of multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER vol. 14 , ( 1 ) 59 - 66 .

Gani R, Giovannoni G, Bates D, Kemball B, Hughes S, Kerrigan J ( 2008 ) . Cost-effectiveness analyses of natalizumab (Tysabri (R)) compared with other disease-modifying therapies for people with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the UK . PHARMACOECONOMICS vol. 26 , ( 7 ) 617 - 627 .

Farrell R, Bendtzen K, Bertolotto A, Clark B, Comabella M, Deisenhammer F, Fogdell-Hahn A, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2008 ) . Letters to the Editor [3] . Journal of International Medical Research vol. 36 , ( 1 ) 204 - 208 .

Herbert J, Kappos L, Calabresi P, Confavreux C, Galetta S, Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M et al. ( 2008 ) . Natalizumab reduces multiple sclerosis severity: Analysis of patients from the AFFIRM and SENTINEL studies using the multiple sclerosis severity scale . NEUROLOGY . vol. 70 , A212 - A212 .

Farrell R, Bendtzen K, Bertolotto A, Clark B, Comabella M, Deisenhammer F, Fogdell-Hahn A, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2008 ) . Neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta-1b are not associated with disease worsening in multiple sclerosis . J INT MED RES vol. 36 , ( 1 ) 204 - 208 .

Gnanapavan S, Carrol C, Candler P, Allroggen H, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus associated with metastatic melanoma and anti-neuroleukin (NLK) antibodies . JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY . vol. 197 , 174 - 174 .

Gnanapavan S, Keir G, Mills K, Grant D, Giovannoni G ( 2008 ) . Reduced cerebrospinal fluid neural cell adhesion molecule (NCam) in neurological disorders, a reflection of the capacity for neuronal regeneration . NEUROLOGY . vol. 70 , A338 - A338 .

Nicholson T, Heyman I, Church A, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Obsessive-compulsive disorder and catatonia can be caused by antibasal ganglia antibodies . COGN BEHAV NEUROL vol. 20 , ( 4 ) 260 - 260 .

Amor S, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein as a biomarker in multiple sclerosis - are we there yet? . MULT SCLER vol. 13 , ( 9 ) 1083 - 1085 .

Polman CH, Deisenhammer F, Giovannoni G, Killestein J, Schellekens H ( 2007 ) . Neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta: Assessment of their clinical and radiographic impact: An evidence report: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology . Neurology vol. 69 , ( 15 ) 1553 - 1555 .

Driebergen R, Jaber A, Aotonelli M, Giovannoni G, Schellekens H, Simsarian J ( 2007 ) . Development of Rebif (R) New Formulation for MS treatment: consolidated results from preclinical and phase I studies . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 13 , S53 - S53 .

Rudick RA, Miller D, Hass S, Hutchinson M, Calabresi PA, Confavreux C, Galetta SL, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2007 ) . Health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Effects of Natalizumab . ANN NEUROL vol. 62 , ( 4 ) 335 - 346 .

Herbert J, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Lublin F, Miller D, O'Connor P et al. ( 2007 ) . Impact of natalizumab on multiple sclerosis severity: analysis of patients and subgroups from the AFFIRM study using the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 13 , S169 - S170 .

Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Lublin F, Miller DH, O'Connor P, Phillips JT et al. ( 2007 ) . Natalizumab increases the proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis who are disease-free . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 13 , S170 - S170 .

Farrell R, Leary S, Kapoor R, Rudge P, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Neutralising antibodies to interferon beta are associated with loss of efficacy of treatment and reduced side effects . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 13 , S59 - S59 .

Farrell R, Worthington V, Keir G, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Testing neutralizing antibodies: The way ahead . British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing vol. 3 , ( 10 ) 480 - 480 .

GIOVANNONI G, Panzara MA, Kappos L, Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Confavreux C, Calabresi PA, Miller DH et al. ( 2007 ) . The Incidence and Significance of Anti-natalizumab: results from AFFIRM and SENTINEL . Neurology vol. 69 , ( 14 ) 1391 - 1403 .

Farrell R, Leary S, Kapoor R, Rudge P, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Evaluation of anti-interferon beta antibodies in subjects with multiple sclerosis attending the national hospital for neurology and neurosurgery, London . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 78 , 1038 - 1038 .

Gnanapavan S, Keir G, Grant D, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . A sensitive ELISA method for the detection of human Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) in cerebrospinal fluid . JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY . vol. 102 , 30 - 30 .

Rejdak K, Petzold A, Stelmasiak Z, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid brain specific proteins in relation to nitric oxide metabolites during relapse of multiple sclerosis . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 14 , 21 - 22 .

Hartung HP, Polman C, Bertolotto A, Deisenhammer F, Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Hemmer B, Hillert J et al. ( 2007 ) . Neutralising antibodies to interferon beta in multiple sclerosis - Expert panel report . J NEUROL vol. 254 , ( 7 ) 827 - 837 .

Teunissen CE, Killestein J, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Biomarker research in multiple sclerosis: addressing axonal damage and heterogeneity . BIOMARK MED vol. 1 , ( 1 ) 111 - 119 .

Giovannoni G, Barbarash O, Casset-Semanaz F, Jaber A, King J, Metz L, Pardo G, Simsarian J et al. ( 2007 ) . Immunogenicity and tolerability of an Investigational formulation of interferon-beta 1a: 24- and 48-week interim analyses of a 2-year, single-arm, historically controlled, phase IIIb study in adults with multiple sclerosis . CLIN THER vol. 29 , ( 6 ) 1128 - 1145 .

Farrell RA, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Measuring and management of anti-interferon beta antibodies in subjects with multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER vol. 13 , ( 5 ) 567 - 577 .

Giovannoni G, Ebers G ( 2007 ) . Multiple sclerosis: the environment and causation . CURR OPIN NEUROL vol. 20 , ( 3 ) 261 - 268 .

Martino D, Defazio G, Church AJ, Dale RC, Giovannoni G, Robertson MM, Orth M ( 2007 ) . Antineuronal antibody status and phenotype analysis in Tourette's syndrome . Movement Disorders vol. 22 , ( 10 ) 1424 - 1429 .

Miller DH, Soon D, Fernando KT, MacManus DG, Barker GJ, Yousry TA, Fisher E, O'Connor PW et al. ( 2007 ) . MRI outcomes in a placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab in relapsing MS . NEUROLOGY vol. 68 , ( 17 ) 1390 - 1401 .

Balcer LJ, Galetta SL, Calabresi PA, Confavreux C, Giovannoni G, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L et al. ( 2007 ) . Natalizumab reduces visual loss in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis . NEUROLOGY vol. 68 , ( 16 ) 1299 - 1304 .

Maresz K, Pryce G, Ponomarev ED, Marsicano G, Croxford JL, Shriver LP, Ledent C, Cheng XD et al. ( 2007 ) . Direct suppression of CNS autoimmune inflammation via the cannabinoid receptor CB1 on neurons and CB2 on autoreactive T cells . NAT MED vol. 13 , ( 4 ) 492 - 497 .

Chapman MD, Thompson EJ, Candler PM, Dale RC, Church AJ, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Quantitative demonstration of intrathecal synthesis of high affinity immunoglobulin G in herpes simplex encephalitis using affinity-mediated immunoblotting . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 185 , ( 1-2 ) 130 - 135 .

Soon D, Altmann DR, Fernando KTM, Giovannoni G, Barkhof F, Polman CH, O'Connor P, Gray B et al. ( 2007 ) . A study of subtle blood brain barrier disruption in a placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis . J NEUROL vol. 254 , ( 3 ) 306 - 314 .

Martino D, Church A, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Are antibasal ganglia antibodies important, and clinically useful? . Practical Neurology vol. 7 , ( 1 ) 32 - 41 .

Giovannoni G, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Miller DH, Phillips JT, Polman CH et al. ( 2007 ) . The immunogenicity of natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis: Results from the AFFIRM study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 78 , 208 - 208 .

Gnanapavan S, Diemel L, Jackson S, Keir G, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Demyelination and axonal loss in rat brain aggregate cultures enriched with macrophages following inteferon-gamma induced demyelination . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 13 , S258 - S258 .

Gnanapavan S, Giovannoni G ( 2007 ) . Incorporation of other biomarkers . Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis . Editors: Filippi, M, Rovaris, M, Comi, G , 183 - 207 .

Marschitz I, Rodl S, Gruber-Sedlmayr U, Church A, Giovannoni G, Zobel G, Mache CJ, Raith J et al. ( 2007 ) . Severe chorea with positive anti-basal ganglia antibodies after herpesencephalitis . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 78 , ( 1 ) 105 - 107 .

Giovannoni G, Kinkel P, Vartanian T ( 2007 ) . Treating multiple sclerosis in the natalizumab era: risks, benefits, clinical decision making, and a comparison between North American and European Union practices . Reviews in Neurological Diseases vol. 4 , ( 4 ) 184 - 193 .

Rejdak K, Empl M, Giffin NJ, Afridi SK, Petzold A, Stelmasiak Z, Thompson EJ, Goadsby PJ et al. ( 2006 ) . Increased urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites in longitudinally monitored migraine patients . EUR J NEUROL vol. 13 , ( 12 ) 1346 - 1351 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Keir G, Cunnington M, Thompson EJ ( 2006 ) . Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 in multiple sclerosis . ACTA NEUROL SCAND vol. 114 , ( 6 ) 363 - 367 .

Phillips JT, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Miller DH, Polman CH, Lublin FD et al. ( 2006 ) . Infusion-related hypersensitivity reactions during natalizumab treatment . NEUROLOGY vol. 67 , ( 9 ) 1717 - 1718 .

Giovannoni G, Chapman MD, Thompson EJ ( 2006 ) . The role of antibody affinity for specific antigens in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory nervous system disorders . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 180 , ( 1-2 ) 29 - 32 .

Giovannoni G, Cutter GR ( 2006 ) . Infectious causes of multiple sclerosis . LANCET NEUROL vol. 5 , ( 10 ) 887 - 889 .

Petzold A, Mondira T, Keir G, Lim E, te Boekhorst P, Giovannoni G, Hintzen RQ ( 2006 ) . Accelerated axonal degeneration after bonemarrow transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis? . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 12 , S216 - S216 .

Baker D, Croxford JL, Pryce G, Jackson SM, Ledent C, Marsicano G, Lutz B, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2006 ) . Cannabinoid-mediated immunosuppression in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis . JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY . vol. 178 , 90 - 91 .

Kallmann BA, Spech E, Kroner A, Petzold A, Miller D, Thompson A, Giovannoni G, Rieckmann P ( 2006 ) . Differences in TRADD expression indicated by array analysis discriminates between NIS disease subtypes . JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY . vol. 178 , 202 - 202 .

Deisenhammer F, Bartos A, Egg R, Gilhus NE, Giovannoni G, Rauer S, Sellebjerg F ( 2006 ) . Guidelines on routine cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Report from an EFNS task force . EUR J NEUROL vol. 13 , ( 9 ) 913 - 922 .

Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . Immune tolerance strategies to reverse the development of neutralising anti-interferon-beta antibodies . EUR J NEUROL vol. 13 , 302 - 302 .

Petzold A, Eikelenboom M, Keir G, Giovannoni G, Polman C, Uitdehaag B, Amorini A, Di Pietro V et al. ( 2006 ) . Impaired energy metabolism and increased lipid peroxidation in multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 12 , S60 - S60 .

Farrell RA, Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . Measuring anti-interferon beta neutralising antibodies - A novel cell-based assay . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 12 , S205 - S205 .

Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . Neuromyelitis optica and anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies: widening the clinical phenotype . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 77 , ( 9 ) 1001 - 1002 .

Rejdak K, Leary SM, Petzold A, Stelmasiak Z, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . Raised urinary neopterin excretion is associated with a better clinical outcome in PP-MS patients treated with interferon beta-1a . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 12 , S185 - S186 .

Hutchinson M, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, Kappos L, Miller DH, Phillips JT, Polman CH, Lublin FD et al. ( 2006 ) . The effects of natalizumab on disability and health-related quality of life in patients with relapsing MS . EUR J NEUROL vol. 13 , 38 - 38 .

Hickman SJ, Sanyal A, Manji H, Groves MJ, Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . "Double whammy" neuropathy: a 37-year-old woman with burning and weakness in both legs . LANCET NEUROL vol. 5 , ( 7 ) 632 - 636 .

Luk CY, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, de Silva R ( 2006 ) . P2–155: Development of sensitive and specific ELISAs for three–repeat and four–repeat tau isoforms . Alzheimer's & Dementia vol. 2 , ( 3S_Part_9 ) s279 - s279 .

Karrenbauer VD, Leoni V, Lim ET, Giovannoni G, Ingle GT, Sastre-Garriga J, Thompson AJ, Rashid W et al. ( 2006 ) . Plasma cerebrosterol and magnetic resonance imaging measures in multiple sclerosis . CLIN NEUROL NEUROSUR vol. 108 , ( 5 ) 456 - 460 .

( 2006 ) . Editorial introductions . Current Opinion in Neurology vol. 19 , ( 3 )

Rejdak K, Petzold A, Bartosik-Psujek H, Kurzepa J, Stelmasiak Z, Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . Expression of ferritin and S-100B in relation to nitric oxide metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing multiple sclerosis patients . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 253 , 58 - 59 .

Dale RC, Church AJ, Candler PM, Chapman M, Martino D, Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . Serum autoantibodies do not differentiate PANDAS and Tourette syndrome from controls . Neurology vol. 66 , ( 10 )

Giovannoni G, Cook S, Rieckmann P, Vermersch P, Soelberg-Sorensen P, Comi G, Chang P, Lopez-Bresnahan M et al. ( 2006 ) . The design of the CLARITY study (CLAdRIbine tablets Treating multiple sclerosis orallY) . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 253 , 99 - 99 .

Candler PM, Dale RC, Griffin S, Church AJ, Wait R, Chapman MD, Keir G, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2006 ) . Post-streptococcal opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome associated with anti-neuroleukin antibodies . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 77 , ( 4 ) 507 - 512 .

Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Miller DH, Phillips JT, Lublin FD et al. ( 2006 ) . A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis . NEW ENGL J MED vol. 354 , ( 9 ) 899 - 910 .

Dale RC, Candler PM, Church AJ, Wait R, Pocock JM, Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . Neuronal surface glycolytic enzymes are autoantigen targets in post-streptococcal autoimmune CNS disease . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 172 , ( 1-2 ) 187 - 197 .

Martino D, Church AJ, Defazio G, Dale RC, Quinn NP, Robertson MM, Livrea P, Orth M et al. ( 2006 ) . Corrigendum to: Soluble adhesion molecules in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (vol 234, pg 79, 2005) . J NEUROL SCI vol. 241 , ( 1-2 ) 111 - + .

Smith K, Sharief M ( 2006 ) . Multiple Sclerosis .

Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . Multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers . DISEASE MARKERS . vol. 22 , 187 - 196 .

Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . Multiple sclerosis related fatigue . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 77 , ( 1 ) 2 - 3 .

Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . PANDAS: overview of the hypothesis . Advances in Neurology vol. 99 , 159 - 165 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ, Cunnington M ( 2006 ) . Raised prevalence of herpes simplex type-2 antibody in multiple sclerosis . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 77 , 131 - 131 .

Giovannoni G, O'Connor P, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Miller D, PhillipS JT, Polman C et al. ( 2006 ) . The immunogenicity of natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis . CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY . vol. 119 , S116 - S116 .

Petzold A, Eikelenboom MJ, Keir G, Polman CH, Uitdehaag BMJ, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2006 ) . The new Global Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) correlates with axonal but not glial biomarkers . MULT SCLER vol. 12 , ( 3 ) 325 - 328 .

Kappos L, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Miller DH, Phillips JT, Polman CH, Lublin FD et al. ( 2005 ) . Prognostic indicators of future disease activity in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS): an analysis from the AFFIRM study . JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES . vol. 238 , S75 - S75 .

Miller DH, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Phillips JT, Polman CH, Lublin FD et al. ( 2005 ) . The effects of baseline disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in the AFFIRM study . JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES . vol. 238 , S75 - S76 .

Galetta SL, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Miller DH, Phillips JT, Polman CH et al. ( 2005 ) . The effects of natalizumab on disability progression as measured by the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) and visual function in patients with relapsing MS . JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES . vol. 238 , S71 - S72 .

Rejdak K, Leary SM, Stelmasiak Z, Miller DH, Thompson AJ, Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . Urinary nitric oxide metabolites and neopterin as markers of longitudinal interferon beta-1a treatment in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients . JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES . vol. 238 , S244 - S244 .

Farrell R, Heaney D, Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . Emerging therapies in multiple sclerosis . Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs vol. 10 , ( 4 ) 797 - 816 .

Lim ET, Sellebjerg F, Jensen CV, Altmann DR, Grant D, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . Acute axonal damage predicts clinical outcome in patients with multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER vol. 11 , ( 5 ) 532 - 536 .

Dale RC, Heyman I, Giovannoni G, Church AJ ( 2005 ) . Incidence of anti-brain antibodies in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder . BRIT J PSYCHIAT vol. 187 , 314 - 319 .

Martino D, Branson JA, Church AJ, Candler PM, Livrea P, Giovannoni G, Dale RC ( 2005 ) . Soluble adhesion molecules in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis . PEDIATR NEUROL vol. 33 , ( 4 ) 255 - 258 .

Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ, Cunnington M ( 2005 ) . Raised prevalence of herpes simplex type-2 antibody in multiple sclerosis . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 11 , S135 - S135 .

Rejdak K, Petzold A, Chard D, Griffin C, Miszkiel KA, Davis G, Rashid W, Miller DH et al. ( 2005 ) . Raised serum nitric oxide metabolites are related to disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis: 1-year follow-up study . EUR J NEUROL vol. 12 , 320 - 320 .

Soon D, Altmann DR, Barkhof F, Fernando KTM, Giovannoni G, Gray B, O'Connor PW, Panzara MA et al. ( 2005 ) . Subtle blood brain barrier leakage in non-enhancing lesions in relapsing multiple sclerosis: multi-centre study of patients in a therapeutic trial . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 11 , S2 - S2 .

Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . What is required for a biomarker to become a good surrogate outcome? . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 11 , S10 - S11 .

Lim ET, Berger T, Reindl M, Dalton CM, Fernando K, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Miller DH et al. ( 2005 ) . Anti-myelin antibodies do not allow earlier diagnosis of multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER vol. 11 , ( 4 ) 492 - 494 .

Pryce G, O'Neill JK, Croxford JL, Amor S, Hankey DJ, East E, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2005 ) . Autoimmune tolerance eliminates relapses but fails to halt progression in a model of multiple sclerosis . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 165 , ( 1-2 ) 41 - 52 .

Martino D, Church AJ, Defazio G, Dale RC, Quinn NP, Robertson MM, Livrea P, Orth M et al. ( 2005 ) . Soluble adhesion molecules in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome . J NEUROL SCI vol. 234 , ( 1-2 ) 79 - 85 .

Giovannoni G, Goodman A ( 2005 ) . Neutralizing anti-IFN-beta antibodies - How much more evidence do we need to use them in practice? . NEUROLOGY vol. 65 , ( 1 ) 6 - 8 .

Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . Anti-neuronal antibodies and movement disorders . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 163 , ( 1-2 ) 5 - 7 .

Wills A, Dale R, Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . Gluten ataxia and post-streptococcal central nervous system syndromes: Emerging immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system? . Current Treatment Options in Neurology vol. 7 , ( 3 ) 183 - 189 .

Freedman MS, Thompson EJ, Deisenhammer F, Giovannoni G, Grimsley G, Keir G, Öhman S, Racke MK et al. ( 2005 ) . Recommended Standard of Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Consensus Statement . JAMA Neurology vol. 62 , ( 6 ) 865 - 870 .

Davies S, Nicholson T, Laura M, Giovannoni G, Altmann DM ( 2005 ) . Spread of T lymphocyte immune responses to myelin epitopes with duration of multiple sclerosis . J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR vol. 64 , ( 5 ) 371 - 377 .

Martino D, Tanner A, Defazio G, Church AJ, Bhatia KP, Giovannoni G, Dale RC ( 2005 ) . Tracing Sydenham's chorea: historical documents from a British paediatric hospital . ARCH DIS CHILD vol. 90 , ( 5 ) 507 - 511 .

Plecko B, Gruber-Sedlmayr U, Marschitz I, Rödl S, Mache C, Church A, Giovannoni G, Grubbauer H et al. ( 2005 ) . Severe autoimmune chorea with positive antibasalganglia antibodies (ABGA) following herpesencephalitis: Treatment with plasmapheresis and corticosteroids . Neuropediatrics vol. 36 , ( 02 )

Lim ET, Schmierer K, Grant D, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Miller DH, Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . A comparison of the immunology and histopathology in post mortem multiple sclerosis brain . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 76 , 615 - 616 .

Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . Erratum: PANDAS: Visão geral da hipótese (Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 26, 4 (222-223)) . Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria vol. 27 , ( 1 )

Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . PANDAS: visão geral da hipótese . Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry vol. 26 , ( 4 ) 222 - 223 .

Petzold A, Eikelenboom MJ, Keir G, Grant D, Lazeron RHC, Polman CH, Uitdehaag BMJ, Thompson EJ et al. ( 2005 ) . Axonal damage accumulates in the progressive phase of multiple sclerosis: three year follow up study . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 76 , ( 2 ) 206 - 211 .

Martino D, Church AJ, Dale RC, Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . Antibasal ganglia antibodies and PANDAS . MOVEMENT DISORD vol. 20 , ( 1 ) 116 - 117 .

Martino D, Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . Autoaggressive immune-mediated movement disorders . Advances in Neurology vol. 96 , 320 - 335 .

Chapman MD, Hartley JC, Furrows SJ, Ridgeway GL, Thompson EJ, Church AJ, Candler PM, Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . Lack of serum oligoclonal antibody responses to Chlamydophila pneumoniae in multiple sclerosis . EUR NEUROL vol. 53 , ( 2 ) 81 - 83 .

Chapman MD, Hughes LE, Wilson CD, Namnyak S, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2005 ) . No evidence for production of intrathecal immunoglobulin g against Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas in multiple sclerosis . EUR NEUROL vol. 53 , ( 1 ) 27 - 31 .

Rejdak K, Eikelenboom MJ, Petzold A, Thompson EJ, Stelmasiak Z, Lazeron RHC, Barkhof F, Polman CH et al. ( 2004 ) . CSF nitric oxide metabolites are associated with activity and progression of multiple sclerosis . NEUROLOGY vol. 63 , ( 8 ) 1439 - 1445 .

Lim ET, Petzold A, Leary SM, Altmann DR, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Miller DH, Thompson AJ et al. ( 2004 ) . Serum S100B in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta-1a . Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine vol. 3 , ( 1 )

Giovannoni G, Green A, Keir G, Thompson EJ ( 2004 ) . Urinary myelin basic protein‐like material as a correlate of the progression of multiple sclerosis . Annals of Neurology vol. 40 , ( 1 ) 128 - 129 .

Edwards MJ, Dale RC, Church AJ, Trikouli E, Quinn NP, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G, Bhatia KP ( 2004 ) . Adult-onset tic disorder, motor stereotypies, and behavioural disturbance associated with antibasal ganglia antibodies . MOVEMENT DISORD vol. 19 , ( 10 ) 1190 - 1196 .

Harrison NA, Church A, Nisbet A, Rudge P, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Late recurrences of Sydenham's chorea are not associated with anti-basal ganglia antibodies . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 75 , ( 10 ) 1478 - 1479 .

Spech E, Kallmann B, Kroner A, Petzold A, Miller D, Thompson A, Giovannoni G, Toyka K et al. ( 2004 ) . Unterschiede im Genexpressionsmuster bei schubförmiger und primär progredienter Multipler Sklerose . Aktuelle Neurologie vol. 31 , ( S 1 )

Pryce G, Jackson SM, Hankey DRJ, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2004 ) . Cannabinoids are neuroprotective: dissociation of true neuroprotection from protection secondary to immunosuppression . JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY . vol. 154 , 78 - 78 .

Pryce G, O'Neill JK, Hankey DRJ, East E, Amor S, Giovannoni G, Baker B ( 2004 ) . Immunological tolerance that eliminates relapses, fails to halt secondary progression in a chronic multiple sclerosis model . JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY . vol. 154 , 62 - 62 .

Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Is it time to consider rationalising IFN-beta treatment in individuals with multiple sclerosis? . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 75 , ( 9 ) 1234 - 1234 .

Zwemmer JNP, Eikelenboom MJ, Kay A, Petzold A, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G, Barkhof E, Uitdehaag BMJ et al. ( 2004 ) . No association of apoE concentration in CSF with clinical arid MR1 characteristics in MS . MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . vol. 10 , S212 - S213 .

Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Optimising MS disease-modifying therapies: antibodies in perspective . J NEUROL vol. 251 , 30 - 35 .

Rejdak K, Leary SM, Nelissen I, Opdenakker G, Dubois B, Thompson AJ, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Urinary neopterin is a sensitive marker of longitudinal interferon beta-1a treatment in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients . EUR J NEUROL vol. 11 , 120 - 120 .

Bennett DLH, McCabe DJH, Stevens JM, Mifsud V, Kitchen ND, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Tumefactive neuro-Behçet disease . Neurology vol. 63 , ( 4 )

Edwards MJ, Trikouli E, Martino D, Bozi M, Dake RC, Church AJ, Schrag A, Lees AJ et al. ( 2004 ) . Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in patients with atypical dystonia and tics: A prospective study . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 75 , 1216 - 1216 .

Martino D, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Antibasal ganglia antibodies and their relevance to movement disorders . CURR OPIN NEUROL vol. 17 , ( 4 ) 425 - 432 .

Lim ET, Sellebjerg F, Sorensen TL, Grant D, Altmann D, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament heavy chain levels in acute optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis patients treated with oral high-dose methylpredinolone . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 75 , 1215 - 1215 .

Edwards MJ, Trikouli E, Martino D, Bozi M, Dale RC, Church AJ, Schrag A, Lees AJ et al. ( 2004 ) . Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in patients with atypical dystonia and tics - A prospective study . NEUROLOGY vol. 63 , ( 1 ) 156 - 158 .

Church AJ, Dale RC, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Anti-basal ganglia antibodies: a possible diagnostic utility in idiopathic movement disorders? . ARCH DIS CHILD vol. 89 , ( 7 ) 611 - 614 .

Dale RC, Heyman I, Surtees RAH, Church AJ, Giovannoni G, Goodman R, Neville BGR ( 2004 ) . Dyskinesias and associated psychiatric disorders following streptococcal infections . ARCH DIS CHILD vol. 89 , ( 7 ) 604 - 610 .

Edwards MJ, Dale RC, Church AJ, Giovannoni G, Bhatia KP ( 2004 ) . A dystonic syndrome associated with anti-basal ganglia antibodies . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 75 , ( 6 ) 914 - 916 .

Spech E, Kallmann B, Kroner A, Petzold A, Miller D, Thompson A, Giovannoni G, Toyka K et al. ( 2004 ) . Gene expression analysis indicates distinct immune pattern in relapsing remitting (RR) and primary progressive (PP) MS disease type . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY . vol. 251 , 175 - 175 .

Rejdak K, Petzold A, Sharpe MA, Kay AD, Kerr M, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid nitrite/nitrate correlated with oxyhemoglobin and outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage . J NEUROL SCI vol. 219 , ( 1-2 ) 71 - 76 .

Giovannoni G, Keir G, Thompson E ( 2004 ) . The clinical significance of an intrathecal monoclonal immunoglobulin band: A follow-up study: Reply from the Authors . Neurology vol. 62 , ( 7 )

Petzold A, Keir G, Green AJE, Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ ( 2004 ) . An ELISA for glial fibrillary acidic protein . J IMMUNOL METHODS vol. 287 , ( 1-2 ) 169 - 177 .

Pereira AC, Edwards MJ, Buttery PC, Hawkes CH, Quinn NP, Giovannoni G, Hadjivassiliou M, Bhatia KP ( 2004 ) . Choreic syndrome and coeliac disease: A hitherto unrecognised association . MOVEMENT DISORD vol. 19 , ( 4 ) 478 - 482 .

Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Toward better diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 19 , 361 - 362 .

Giovannoni G, Davies G, Keir G, Thompson E ( 2004 ) . The clinical significance of an intrathecal monoclonal immunoglobulin band: A follow-up study: Reply from the authors . Neurology vol. 62 , ( 4 ) 675 - 676 .

Miranda M, Cardoso F, Giovannoni G, Church A ( 2004 ) . Oral contraceptive induced chorea: another condition associated with anti-basal ganglia antibodies . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 75 , ( 2 ) 327 - 328 .

Giovannoni G, Deisenhammer F ( 2004 ) . Neutralising antibodies against interferon beta in multiple sclerosis . LANCET vol. 363 , ( 9403 ) 166 - 167 .

Lim ET, Grant D, Pashenkov M, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Soderstrom M, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid levels of brain specific proteins in optic neuritis . MULT SCLER vol. 10 , ( 3 ) 261 - 265 .

Furrows SJ, Hartley JC, Bell J, Silver N, Losseff N, Stevenson S, Chapman M, Thompson EJ et al. ( 2004 ) . Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection of the central nervous system in patients with multiple sclerosis . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 75 , ( 1 ) 152 - 154 .

Dale RC, Church AJ, Surtees RAH, Lees AJ, Adcock JE, Harding B, Neville BGR, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Encephalitis lethargica syndrome: 20 new cases and evidence of basal ganglia autoimmunity . BRAIN vol. 127 , 21 - 33 .

Deisenhammer F, Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Longitudinal analyses of the effects of neutralizing antibodies on interferon beta-1b in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER J vol. 10 , ( 6 )

Giovannoni G ( 2004 ) . Management of secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis . CNS DRUGS vol. 18 , ( 10 ) 653 - 669 .

Petzold A, Brassat D, Mas P, Rejdak K, Keir G, Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ, Clanet M ( 2004 ) . Treatment response in relation to inflammatory and axonal surrogate marker in multiple sclerosis . MULT SCLER vol. 10 , ( 3 ) 281 - 283 .

Giovannoni G ( 2003 ) . Strategies to treat and prevent the development of neutralizing anti-interferon-beta antibodies . NEUROLOGY . vol. 61 , S13 - S17 .

Polman CH, Petkau J, White R, Thompson A, Miller DH, Dahlke F, Kappos L ( 2003 ) . Neutralizing antibodies during treatment of secondary progressive MS with interferon &bgr;-1b . Neurology vol. 61 , ( 7 )

Pryce G, Ahmed Z, Hankey DJR, Jackson SJ, Croxford JL, Pocock JM, Ledent C, Petzold A et al. ( 2003 ) . Cannabinoids inhibit neurodegeneration in models of multiple sclerosis . BRAIN vol. 126 , 2191 - 2202 .

Dubois B, Leary SM, Nelissen I, Opdenakker G, Giovannoni G, Thompson AJ ( 2003 ) . Serum gelatinase B/MMP-9 in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta 1a . J NEUROL vol. 250 , ( 9 ) 1037 - 1043 .

Empl M, Redjak K, Giovannoni G, Goadsby PJ, Kaube H ( 2003 ) . Urinary nitric oxide metabolites in migraineurs . CEPHALALGIA . vol. 23 , 636 - 637 .

Tengah DSNAP, Church A, Giovannoni G, Fry L, Turner B, Wills AJ ( 2003 ) . An anti-spinal antibody in dermatitis herpetiformis patients . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 74 , 1180 - 1180 .

Giovannoni G, Dubois BD, Keenan E, Porter BE, Kapoor R, Rudge P, Thompson AJ, Miller DH ( 2003 ) . Beta-interferon in multiple sclerosis: An assessment of the ABN stopping criteria in clinical practice . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 74 , 1177 - 1178 .

Giovannoni G, Deisenhammer F, Munschauer FE ( 2003 ) . Neutralising antibodies to interferon beta - Reply . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 74 , ( 8 ) 1162 - 1163 .

Ortenzi C ( 2003 ) . Neutralising antibodies to interferon β . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 74 , ( 8 )

Petzold A, Keir G, Green AJE, Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ ( 2003 ) . A specific ELISA for measuring neurofilament heavy chain phosphoforms . J IMMUNOL METHODS vol. 278 , ( 1-2 ) 179 - 190 .

Dubois BD, Keenan E, Porter BE, Kapoor R, Rudge P, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Giovannoni G ( 2003 ) . Interferon beta in multiple sclerosis: experience in a British specialist multiple sclerosis centre . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 74 , ( 7 ) 946 - 949 .

Empl M, Giovannoni G ( 2003 ) . Nitric oxide and headache: related, but how? . CEPHALALGIA vol. 23 , ( 6 ) 405 - 406 .

Rejdak K, Petzold A, Sharpe MA, Kay AD, Kerr M, Stelmasiak Z, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2003 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid nitrite/nitrate predicts poor outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) . JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY . vol. 85 , 25 - 25 .

Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2003 ) . Inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system . CURR OPIN NEUROL vol. 16 , ( 3 ) 347 - 350 .

Pryce G, Giovannoni G, Baker D ( 2003 ) . Mifepristone or inhibition of 11 beta-hydroxylase activity potentiates the sedating effects of the cannabinoid receptor-1 agonist Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice . NEUROSCI LETT vol. 341 , ( 2 ) 164 - 166 .

Petzold A, Baker D, Pryce G, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2003 ) . Quantification of neurodegeneration by measurement of brain-specific proteins . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 138 , ( 1-2 ) 45 - 48 .

Baker D, Pryce G, Giovannoni G, Thompson AJ ( 2003 ) . The therapeutic potential of cannabis . LANCET NEUROL vol. 2 , ( 5 ) 291 - 298 .

Church AJ, Dale RC, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G, Robertson MM ( 2003 ) . Tourette's syndrome: a cross sectional study to examine the PANDAS hypothesis . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 74 , ( 5 ) 602 - 607 .

Rejdak K, Petzold A, Sharpe MA, Smith M, Keir G, Stelmasiak Z, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2003 ) . Serum and urine nitrate and nitrite are not reliable indicators of intrathecal nitric oxide production in acute brain injury . J NEUROL SCI vol. 208 , ( 1-2 ) 1 - 7 .

Davies G, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2003 ) . The clinical significance of an intrathecal monoclonal immunoglobulin band - A follow-up study . NEUROLOGY vol. 60 , ( 7 ) 1163 - 1166 .

Church AJ, Dale RC, Cardoso F, Candler PM, Chapman MD, Allen ML, Klein NJ, Lees AJ et al. ( 2003 ) . CSF and serum immune parameters in Sydenham's chorea: evidence of an autoimmune syndrome? . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 136 , ( 1-2 ) 149 - 153 .

Eikelenboom MJ, Petzold A, Lazeron RHC, Silber E, Sharief M, Thompson EJ, Barkhof F, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2003 ) . Multiple sclerosis - Neurofilament light chain antibodies are correlated to cerebral atrophy . NEUROLOGY vol. 60 , ( 2 ) 219 - 223 .

Giovannoni G, Bever CT ( 2003 ) . Patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of MS - Does MRI allow earlier diagnosis? . NEUROLOGY vol. 60 , ( 1 ) 6 - 7 .

Trip SA, Wroe SJ, Davies G, Giovannoni G ( 2003 ) . Primary CNS mantle cell lymphoma associated with an isolated CSF monoclonal IgG band . EUR NEUROL vol. 49 , ( 3 ) 187 - 188 .

Giovannoni G ( 2003 ) . The Yin and Yang of inflammation in multiple sclerosis . EARLY INDICATORS, EARLY TREATMENTS, NEUROPROTECTION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS . Editors: Hommes, OR, Comi, G , 181 - 189 .

Stewart VC, Giovannoni G, Land JM, McDonald WI, Clark JB, Heales SJR ( 2002 ) . Pretreatment of Astrocytes with Interferon‐α/β Impairs Interferon‐γ Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase . Journal of Neurochemistry vol. 68 , ( 6 ) 2547 - 2551 .

Giovannoni G, Munschauer FE, Deisenhammer F ( 2002 ) . Neutralising antibodies to interferon beta during the treatment of multiple sclerosis . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 73 , ( 5 ) 465 - 469 .

Rejdak K, Bartosik-Psujek H, Dobosz B, Kocki T, Grieb P, Giovannoni G, Turski WA, Stelmasiak Z ( 2002 ) . Decreased level of kynurenic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing-onset multiple sclerosis patients . NEUROSCI LETT vol. 331 , ( 1 ) 63 - 65 .

Church AJ, Cardoso F, Dale RC, Lees AJ, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G ( 2002 ) . Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in acute and persistent Sydenham's chorea . NEUROLOGY vol. 59 , ( 2 ) 227 - 231 .

Petzold A, Eikelenboom MJ, Gveric D, Keir G, Chapman M, Lazeron RHC, Cuzner ML, Polman CH et al. ( 2002 ) . Markers for different glial cell responses in multiple sclerosis: clinical and pathological correlations . BRAIN vol. 125 , 1462 - 1473 .

Dale RC, Church AJ, Benton S, Surtees RA, Lees A, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G, Neville BG ( 2002 ) . Post-streptococcal autoimmune dystonia with isolated bilateral striatal necrosis . DEV MED CHILD NEUROL vol. 44 , ( 7 ) 485 - 489 .

Dale RC, Church AJ, Surtees RAH, Thompson EJ, Giovannoni G, Neville BGR ( 2002 ) . Post-streptococcal autoimmune neuropsychiatric disease presenting as paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis . MOVEMENT DISORD vol. 17 , ( 4 ) 817 - 820 .

Giovannoni G ( 2002 ) . The prevalence of Sjögren syndrome in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis . Neurology vol. 58 , ( 10 )

Sellebjerg F, Giovannoni G, Hand A, Madsen HO, Jensen CV, Garred P ( 2002 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid levels of nitric oxide metabolites predict response to methylprednisolone treatment in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis . J NEUROIMMUNOL vol. 125 , ( 1-2 ) 198 - 203 .

Derry C, Dale RC, Thom M, Miller DH, Giovannoni G ( 2002 ) . Unihemispheric cerebral vasculitis mimicking Rasmussen's encephalitis . NEUROLOGY vol. 58 , ( 2 ) 327 - 328 .

Ramachandran V, Church A, Giovannoni G, Bhatia KP ( 2002 ) . Anti-basal ganglia antibodies are absent in patients with primary blepharospasm . NEUROLOGY vol. 58 , ( 1 ) 150 - 150 .

Tengah DSNAP, Unsworth DJ, Fry L, Giovannoni G, Church A, Turner B, Holmes GKT, Wills AJ ( 2002 ) . Dermatitis herpetiformis, coeliac disease, and neurological dysfunction . J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS vol. 72 , ( 1 ) 142 - 142 .

Dale RC, Church AJ, Cardoso F, Goddard E, Cox TC, Chong WK, Williams A, Klein NJ et al. ( 2001 ) . Poststreptococcal acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with basal ganglia involvement and auto-reactive antibasal ganglia antibodies . ANN NEUROL vol. 50 , ( 5 ) 588 - 595 .

Giovannoni G, Thorpe J ( 2001 ) . Is it multiple sclerosis or not? . NEUROLOGY vol. 57 , ( 8 ) 1357 - 1358 .

Giovannoni G, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Thompson EJ ( 2001 ) . Fatigue is not associated with raised inflammatory markers in multiple sclerosis . NEUROLOGY vol. 57 , ( 4 ) 676 - 681 .

Giovannoni G ( 2001 ) . Human swayback disease: expanding the spectrum of diseases associated with abnormal copper metabolism . J NEUROL vol. 248 , ( 8 ) 707 - 707 .

Giovannoni G, Miller DH, Losseff NA, Sailer M, Lewellyn-Smith N, Thompson AJ, Thompson EJ ( 2001 ) . Serum inflammatory markers and clinical/MRI markers of disease progression in multiple sclerosis . J NEUROL vol. 248 , ( 6 ) 487 - 495 .

Giovannoni G, Morris PR, Keir G ( 2001 ) . Circulating antiganglioside antibodies are not associated with the development of progressive disease or cerebral atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis . Annals of Neurology vol. 47 , ( 5 ) 684 - 685 .

Chamoun V, Zeman A, Blennow K, Fredman P, Wallin A, Keir G, Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ ( 2001 ) . Haptoglobins as markers of blood-CSF barrier dysfunction: the findings in normal CSF . J NEUROL SCI vol. 182 , ( 2 ) 117 - 121 .

Homann CN, Suppan K, Wenzel K, Giovannoni G, Ivanic G, Horner S, Ott E, Hartung HP ( 2001 ) . The bradykinesia akinesia incoordination test (BRAIN TEST©), an objective and user‐friendly means to evaluate patients with Parkinsonism . Movement Disorders vol. 15 , ( 4 ) 641 - 647 .

Palmer HE, Giovannoni G, Stanford MR, Wallace GR, Graham EM ( 2001 ) . Urinary neopterin in idiopathic retinal vasculitis . BRIT J OPHTHALMOL vol. 85 , ( 1 ) 30 - 33 .

Green AJE, Giovannoni G, Hall-Crags MA, Thompson EJ, Miller RF ( 2000 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid tau concentrations in HIV infected patients with suspected neurological disease . SEX TRANSM INFECT vol. 76 , ( 6 ) 443 - 446 .

Giovannoni G, Silver NC, Good CD, Miller DH, Thompson EJ ( 2000 ) . Immunological Time-Course of Gadolinium-Enhancing MRI Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis . European Neurology vol. 44 , ( 4 ) 222 - 228 .

Banati RB, Newcombe J, Gunn RN, Cagnin A, Turkheimer F, Heppner F, Price G, Wegner F et al. ( 2000 ) . The peripheral benzodiazepine binding site in the brain in multiple sclerosis . Brain vol. 123 , ( 11 ) 2321 - 2337 .

Rook GAW, Ristori G, Salvetti M, Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ, Stanford JL ( 2000 ) . Bacterial vaccines for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases . Trends in Immunology vol. 21 , ( 10 ) 503 - 508 .

Miller RF, Green AJE, Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ ( 2000 ) . Detection of 14-3-3 brain protein in cerebrospinal fluid of HIV infected patients . Sexually Transmitted Infections vol. 76 , ( 5 )

LUCHETTI A, AMADI A, GOBBI G, BERTANI G ( 2000 ) . Visual field defects associated with vigabatrin monotherapy in children . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 69 , ( 4 )

Giovannoni G, O'Sullivan JD, Turner K, Manson AJ, Lees AJ ( 2000 ) . Hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation in patients with Parkinson's disease on dopamine replacement therapies . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 68 , ( 4 )

Giovannoni G ( 2000 ) . Multiple sclerosis and the optometrist . Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics vol. 20 , ( 2 ) s14 - s15 .

Giovannoni G ( 2000 ) . Multiple sclerosis and the optometrist . Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics vol. 20 , ( s1 ) s14 - s15 .

Giovannoni G, van Schalkwyk J, Fritz VU, Lees AJ ( 1999 ) . Bradykinesia akinesia inco-ordination test (BRAIN TEST): an objective computerised assessment of upper limb motor function . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 67 , ( 5 )

Akinola AB, Land JM, Mathias CJ, Giovannoni G, Magnifico F, Puvi-Rajasingham S, Smith GDP, Watson L ( 1999 ) . Contribution of nitric oxide to exercise-induced hypotension in human sympathetic denervation . Clinical Autonomic Research vol. 9 , ( 5 ) 263 - 269 .

Giovannoni G, Silver NC, O'Riordan J, Miller RF, Heales SJR, Land JM, Elliot M, Feldmann M et al. ( 1999 ) . Increased urinary nitric oxide metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis correlates with early and relapsing disease . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 5 , ( 5 ) 335 - 341 .

Kieseier BC, Seifert T, Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P ( 1999 ) . Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory demyelination . Neurology vol. 53 , ( 1 ) 20 - 25 .

Giovannoni G, Silver NC, O'Riordan J, Miller RF, Heales SJR, Land JM, Elliot M, Feldmann M et al. ( 1999 ) . Increased urinary nitric oxide metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis correlates with early and relapsing disease . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 5 , ( 5 ) 335 - 341 .

Green AJ, Giovannoni G, Miller RF, Harrison MJ, Thompson EJ ( 1999 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid S-100b concentrations in patients with HIV infection . AIDS vol. 13 , ( 1 ) 139 - 140 .

Kieseier BC, Giovannoni G, Hartung HP ( 1999 ) . Immunological surrogate markers of disease activity in multiple sclerosis . vol. 50 , 570 - 583 .

Giovannoni G, Miller DH ( 1999 ) . Multiple sclerosis and its treatment . Clinical Medicine vol. 33 , ( 4 ) 315 - 322 .

Giovannoni G, Silver NC, Good CD, Feldmann M, Miller DH, Thompson EJ ( 1998 ) . Immunological time-course of gadolinium-enhancing MRI lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis . Journal of Neuroimmunology vol. 90 , ( 1 )

Giovannoni G, Green AJ, Thompson EJ ( 1998 ) . Are there any body fluid markers of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis? . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 4 , ( 3 ) 138 - 142 .

Giovannoni G, Heales SJR, Land JM, Thompson EJ ( 1998 ) . The potential role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 4 , ( 3 ) 212 - 216 .

Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ ( 1998 ) . Urinary markers of disease activity in multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 4 , ( 3 ) 247 - 253 .

Giovannoni G, Kieseier B, Hartung HP ( 1998 ) . Correlating immunological and magnetic resonance imaging markers of disease activity in multiple sclerosis . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 64 Suppl 1 , s31 - s36 .

Giovannoni G, Miller RF, Heales SJR, Land JM, Harrison MJG, Thompson EJ ( 1998 ) . Elevated cerebrospinal fluid and serum nitrate and nitrite levels in patients with central nervous system complications of HIV-1 infection: a correlation with blood-brain-barrier dysfunction . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 156 , ( 1 ) 53 - 58 .

Giovannoni G ( 1998 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid and serum nitric oxide metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis . Multiple Sclerosis Journal vol. 4 , ( 1 ) 27 - 30 .

Moshage H, Jansen PLM ( 1998 ) . Adaptation of the Nitrate and Griess Reaction Methods for the Measurement of Serum Nitrate plus Nitrate Levels . Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine vol. 35 , ( 1 ) 154 - 155 .

Giovannoni G, Heales SJR ( 1998 ) . Authors' Reply . Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine vol. 35 , ( 1 ) 155 - 155 .

Giovannoni G ( 1997 ) . The immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis . Baillière's Clinical Neurology vol. 6 , ( 3 ) 387 - 407 .

Giovannoni G, Lai M, Thorpe J, Kidd D, Chamoun V, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Feldmann M et al. ( 1997 ) . Longitudinal study of soluble adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis: correlation with gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging . Neurology vol. 48 , ( 6 ) 1557 - 1565 .

Giovannoni G, Land JM, Keir G, Thompson EJ, Heales SJR ( 1997 ) . Adaptation of the Nitrate Reductase and Griess Reaction Methods for the Measurement of Serum Nitrate plus Nitrite Levels . Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine vol. 34 , ( 2 ) 193 - 198 .

Giovannoni G, Lai M, Kidd D, Thorpe JW, Miller DH, Thompson AJ, Keir G, Feldmann M et al. ( 1997 ) . Daily urinary neopterin excretion as an immunological marker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis . Brain vol. 120 , ( 1 ) 1 - 13 .

Giovannoni G, Heales SJR, Silver NC, O'Riordan J, Miller RF, Land JM, Clark JB, Thompson EJ ( 1997 ) . Raised serum nitrate and nitrite levels in patients with multiple sclerosis . Journal of the Neurological Sciences vol. 145 , ( 1 ) 77 - 81 .

Giovannoni G, Hartung H-P ( 1996 ) . The immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome . Current Opinion in Neurology vol. 9 , ( 3 ) 165 - 177 .

Giovannoni G, Thorpe JW, Kidd D, Kendall BE, Moseley IF, Thompson AJ, Keir G, Miller DH et al. ( 1996 ) . Soluble E-selectin in multiple sclerosis: raised concentrations in patients with primary progressive disease . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry vol. 60 , ( 1 )

Giovannoni G, Thompson EJ ( 1996 ) . The detection and significance of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG . Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis , Springer Nature

Giovannoni G, Fritz VU ( 1993 ) . Transient ischemic attacks in younger and older patients. A comparative study of 798 patients in South Africa . Stroke vol. 24 , ( 7 ) 947 - 953 .