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Research

Publications: Dr Nathan Emery

Emery NJ, Seed AM, Bayern AMPV, Clayton NS ( 2023 ) . Cognitive adaptations of social bonding in birds . Social Intelligence: from Brain to Culture , Oxford University Press (OUP)
Clayton NS, Dally JM, Emery NJ ( 2023 ) . Social cognition by food-caching corvids. The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist . Social Intelligence: from Brain to Culture , Oxford University Press (OUP)
Awad D, Emery NJ, Mareschal I ( 2023 ) . Role of facial familiarity and emotional expression intensity in ensemble emotion perception . Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics vol. 85 , ( 6 ) 1990 - 2003 .
Baciadonna L, Cornero FM, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2023 ) . Mirror stimulation in Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius) . PeerJ vol. 11 ,
Baciadonna L, Jerwood GM, Farrar BG, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2022 ) . Investigation of Mirror-Self Recognition in Ravens (Corvus corax) . Journal of Comparative Psychology vol. 136 , ( 3 ) 194 - 198 .
Emery NJ ( 2022 ) . Nathan Emery . Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior , Springer Nature
Baciadonna L, Cornero FM, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2021 ) . Mirror-mediated string-pulling task in Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius) . Animal Cognition vol. 25 , ( 3 ) 691 - 700 .
Nawroth C, Baciadonna L, Emery NJ ( 2021 ) . Editorial: Humans in an Animal's World—How Non-human Animals Perceive and Interact With Humans . Frontiers in Psychology vol. 12 ,
Emery N ( 2021 ) . Bird Tool Use . Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science , Springer Nature
Emery N ( 2021 ) . Tool Manufacturing . Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science , Springer Nature
Baciadonna L, Cornero FM, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2020 ) . Convergent evolution of complex cognition: Insights from the field of avian cognition into the study of self-awareness . Learning and Behavior
Morales Picard A, Mundry R, Auersperg AM, Boeving ER, Boucherie PH, Bugnyar T, Dufour V, Emery NJ et al. ( 2019 ) . Why preen others? Predictors of allopreening in parrots and corvids and comparisons to grooming in great apes . Ethology
Federspiel IG, Boeckle M, von Bayern AMP, Emery NJ ( 2019 ) . Exploring individual and social learning in jackdaws (Corvus monedula) . Learn Behav
Awad D, Emery NJ, Mareschal I ( 2019 ) . The Role of Emotional Expression and Eccentricity on Gaze Perception . Front Psychol vol. 10 , 1129 - 1129 .
Emery NJ ( 2018 ) . Intelligence, Evolution of . The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology , Wiley
van Horik JO, Emery NJ ( 2018 ) . Serial reversal learning and cognitive flexibility in two species of Neotropical parrots (Diopsittaca nobilis and Pionites melanocephala) . Behavioural Processes vol. 157 , 664 - 672 .
Emery NJ ( 2017 ) . Nathan Emery . Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior , Springer Nature
Emery N ( 2016 ) . Bird Tool Use . Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science , Springer Nature
Emery N ( 2016 ) . Tool Manufacturing . Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science , Springer Nature
van Horik JO, Emery NJ ( 2016 ) . Transfer of physical understanding in a non-tool-using parrot . Animal Cognition
Emery N ( 2016 ) . Bird Brain: an Exploration of Avian Intelligence .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2016 ) . An avian perspective on simulating other minds . Learn Behav vol. 44 , ( 3 ) 203 - 204 .
Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2015 ) . Avian Models for Human Cognitive Neuroscience: A Proposal . Neuron vol. 86 , ( 6 ) 1330 - 1342 .
Auersperg AMI, van Horik JO, Bugnyar T, Kacelnik A, Emery NJ, von Bayern AMP ( 2015 ) . Combinatory Actions During Object Play in Psittaciformes (Diopsittaca nobilis, Pionites melanocephala, Cacatua goffini) and Corvids (Corvus corax, C. monedula, C. moneduloides) . Journal of Comparative Psychology vol. 129 , ( 1 ) 62 - 71 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2015 ) . Do birds have the capacity for fun? . Current Biology vol. 25 , ( 1 ) r16 - r20 .
Emery NJ ( 2013 ) . Insight, imagination and invention: Tool understanding in a non-tool-using corvid . Tool Use in Animals , Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Logan CJ, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2013 ) . Alternative behavioral measures of postconflict affiliation . BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY vol. 24 , ( 1 ) 98 - 112 .
Van Horik JO, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2012 ) . Convergent Evolution of Cognition in Corvids, Apes and Other Animals . The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Evolutionary Psychology , Oxford University Press (OUP)
De Kort SR, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2012 ) . Corvid Caching The Role of Cognition . The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Cognition ,
MacLean EL, Matthews LJ, Hare BA, Nunn CL, Anderson RC, Aureli F, Brannon EM, Call J et al. ( 2012 ) . How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative psychology . ANIMAL COGNITION vol. 15 , ( 2 ) 223 - 238 .
Jensen K, Silk JB, Andrews K, Bshary R, Cheney DL, Emery N, Hemelrijk CK, Holekamp K et al. ( 2011 ) . Social knowledge . Animal Thinking: Contemporary Issues in Comparative Cognition ,
Logan CJ, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2011 ) . Social media: Squabbles and snuggles . Natural History vol. 119 , ( 6 ) 18 - 19 .
van Horik J, Emery NJ ( 2011 ) . Evolution of cognition . Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science vol. 2 , ( 6 ) 621 - 633 .
von Bayern AMP, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2011 ) . Can jackdaws (Corvus monedula) select individuals based on their ability to help? . INTERACT STUD vol. 12 , ( 2 ) 262 - 280 .
Taylor AH, Elliffe DM, Hunt GR, Emery NJ, Clayton NS, Gray RD ( 2011 ) . New Caledonian Crows Learn the Functional Properties of Novel Tool Types . PLOS ONE vol. 6 , ( 12 ) Article ARTN e26887 ,
Logan CJ, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2011 ) . Squabbles and Snuggles . NATURAL HISTORY vol. 119 , ( 6 ) 18 - 19 .
Machado CJ, Emery NJ, Mason WA, Amaral DG ( 2010 ) . Selective Changes in Foraging Behavior Following Bilateral Neurotoxic Amygdala Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys . BEHAV NEUROSCI vol. 124 , ( 6 ) 761 - 772 .
Emery NJ ( 2010 ) . Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior. 2nd edn. By Sara J. Shettleworth. Oxford: Oxford University Press (2009). Pp. xiii+700. Price $59.95 paperback . Animal Behaviour vol. 80 , ( 4 ) 769 - 770 .
Bird CD, Emery NJ ( 2010 ) . Rooks perceive support relations similar to six-month-old babies . Proc Biol Sci vol. 277 , ( 1678 ) 147 - 151 .
Dally JM, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2010 ) . Avian Theory of Mind and counter espionage by food-caching western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica) . EUR J DEV PSYCHOL vol. 7 , ( 1 ) 17 - 37 .
Kaminski J, Emery NJ ( 2010 ) . Social Cognition and Theory of Mind . Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, Volume-Three Set , vol. 3 ,
Stulp G, Emery NJ, Verhulst S, Clayton NS ( 2009 ) . Western scrub-jays conceal auditory information when competitors can hear but cannot see . Biol Lett vol. 5 , ( 5 ) 583 - 585 .
Bird CD, Emery NJ ( 2009 ) . Rooks use stones to raise the water level to reach a floating worm . Curr Biol vol. 19 , ( 16 ) 1410 - 1414 .
Salwiczek LH, Emery NJ, Schlinger B, Clayton NS ( 2009 ) . The development of caching and object permanence in Western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica): which emerges first? . J Comp Psychol vol. 123 , ( 3 ) 295 - 303 .
Bird CD, Emery NJ ( 2009 ) . Reply to Lind et al.: Insight and learning . P NATL ACAD SCI USA vol. 106 , ( 28 ) E77 - E77 .
Bird CD, Emery NJ ( 2009 ) . Insightful problem solving and creative tool modification by captive nontool-using rooks . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A vol. 106 , ( 25 ) 10370 - 10375 .
Seed A, Emery N, Clayton N ( 2009 ) . Intelligence in Corvids and Apes: A Case of Convergent Evolution? . ETHOLOGY vol. 115 , ( 5 ) 401 - 420 .
von Bayern AMP, Emery NJ ( 2009 ) . Jackdaws respond to human attentional states and communicative cues in different contexts . Curr Biol vol. 19 , ( 7 ) 602 - 606 .
MUNTEANU A, PAPUC I, FEDERSPIEL I, CLAYTON N, EMERY N ( 2009 ) . THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF CONTACT CALLS BY ROOKS (CORVUS FRUGILEGUS) . Cluj Veterinary Journal vol. 15 , ( 1 ) 34 - 44 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2009 ) . Tool use and physical cognition in birds and mammals . Curr Opin Neurobiol vol. 19 , ( 1 ) 27 - 33 .
von Bayern AMP, Emery NJ ( 2009 ) . Bonding, mentalising and rationality . Rational Animals, Irrational Humans , Editors: Watanabe, S, Blaisdell, AP, Huber, L, Young, A et al. , Keio University Press ( Tokyo ),
Seed AM, Call J, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2009 ) . Chimpanzees solve the trap problem when the confound of tool-use is removed . J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process vol. 35 , ( 1 ) 23 - 34 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2009 ) . Comparative social cognition . Annu Rev Psychol vol. 60 , 87 - 113 .
Federspiel IG, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2009 ) . The 3E’s Approach to Social Information Use in Birds: Ecology, Ethology, and Evolutionary History . Cognitive Ecology II , Editors: Dukas, R, Ratcliffe, JM , University of Chicago Press ( Chicago ),
Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2009 ) . What do jays know about other times and other minds? . Neurobiology of ‘Umwelt’: How living beings perceive the world. , Editors: Berthoz, A , Springer-Verlag ( Berlin ),
Clayton NS, Correia SPC, Raby CR, Alexis DM, Emery NJ, Dickinson A ( 2008 ) . Response to Suddendorf & Corballis (2008): in defence of animal foresight . ANIM BEHAV vol. 76 , E9 - E11 .
Bird CD, Emery NJ ( 2008 ) . Using video playback to investigate the social preferences of rooks, Corvus frugilegus . ANIM BEHAV vol. 76 , 679 - 687 .
Dally JM, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2008 ) . Social influences on foraging by rooks (Corvus frugilegus) . BEHAVIOUR vol. 145 , 1101 - 1124 .
Seed AM, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2008 ) . Cooperative problem solving in rooks (Corvus frugilegus) . Proc Biol Sci vol. 275 , ( 1641 ) 1421 - 1429 .
Machado CJ, Emery NJ, Capitanio JP, Mason WA, Mendoza SP, Amaral DG ( 2008 ) . Bilateral neurotoxic amygdala lesions in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Consistent pattern of behavior across different social contexts . BEHAV NEUROSCI vol. 122 , ( 2 ) 251 - 266 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2008 ) . Imaginative scrub-jays, causal rooks, and a liberal application of Occam's aftershave . BEHAV BRAIN SCI vol. 31 , ( 2 ) 134 - + .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS, Hunt KD, Laland KN, Brown GR, McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Stanford CB et al. ( 2008 ) . Comments . Current Anthropology vol. 49 , ( 1 ) 100 - 106 .
Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2008 ) . Canny corvids and political primates: A case for convergent evolution in intelligence . The Deep Structure of Biology: Is convergence sufficiently ubiquitous to give a directional signal? , Editors: Conway Morris, S , Templeton Foundation Press ( West Conshohocken, PA ),
Machado CJ, Emery NJ, Capitanio JP, Mason WA, Mendoza SP, Amaral DG ( 2008 ) . Correction to Machado et al. (2008) . Behavioral Neuroscience vol. 122 , ( 4 ) 954 - 954 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2008 ) . How to build a scrub-jay that reads minds . Origins of the Social Mind: Evolutionary and developmental views. , Editors: Itakura, S, Fujita, K , Springer Japan ( Tokyo ),
Emery NJ, Clayton NS, Frith CD ( 2008 ) . Social Intelligence: From brain to culture . Oxford University Press ( Oxford ),
Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2007 ) . The social life of corvids . Curr Biol vol. 17 , ( 16 ) R652 - R656 .
von Bayern AMP, de Kort SR, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2007 ) . The role of food- and object-sharing in the development of social bonds in juvenile jackdaws (Corvus monedula) . BEHAVIOUR vol. 144 , 711 - 733 .
Emery NJ, Seed AM, von Bayern AMP, Clayton NS ( 2007 ) . Cognitive adaptations of social bonding in birds . Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci vol. 362 , ( 1480 ) 489 - 505 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS, Frith CD ( 2007 ) . Introduction. Social intelligence: from brain to culture . PHILOS T R SOC B vol. 362 , ( 1480 ) 485 - 488 .
Clayton NS, Dally JM, Emery NJ ( 2007 ) . Social cognition by food-caching corvids. The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist . PHILOS T R SOC B vol. 362 , ( 1480 ) 507 - 522 .
Tebbich S, Seed AM, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2007 ) . Non-tool-using rooks, Corvus frugilegus, solve the trap-tube problem . ANIM COGN vol. 10 , ( 2 ) 225 - 231 .
Seed AM, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2007 ) . Postconflict third-party affiliation in rooks, Corvus frugilegus . CURR BIOL vol. 17 , ( 2 ) 152 - 158 .
De Kort SR, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2006 ) . Food sharing in jackdaws, Corvus monedula: what, why and with whom? . ANIM BEHAV vol. 72 , 297 - 304 .
Dally J, Emery N, Clayton N ( 2006 ) . Social facilitation of novel food acceptance in Rooks . J ORNITHOL vol. 147 , ( 5 ) 154 - 154 .
Helme AE, Call J, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2006 ) . What do bonobos (Pan paniscus) understand about physical contact? . J COMP PSYCHOL vol. 120 , ( 3 ) 294 - 302 .
Helme AE, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2006 ) . What do rooks (Corvus frugilegus) understand about physical contact? . J Comp Psychol vol. 120 , ( 3 ) 288 - 293 .
Dally JM, Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2006 ) . The behaviour and evolution of cache protection and pilferage . ANIM BEHAV vol. 72 , 13 - 23 .
Dally JM, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2006 ) . Food-caching western scrub-jays keep track of who was watching when . SCIENCE vol. 312 , ( 5780 ) 1662 - 1665 .
Clayton N, Emery N, Dickinson A ( 2006 ) . The rationality of animal memory: Complex caching strategies of western scrub jays . Rational Animals? , Oxford University Press (OUP)
Seed AM, Tebbich S, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2006 ) . Investigating physical cognition in rooks, Corvus frugilegus . Curr Biol vol. 16 , ( 7 ) 697 - 701 .
Emery NJ ( 2006 ) . Cognitive ornithology: the evolution of avian intelligence . Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci vol. 361 , ( 1465 ) 23 - 43 .
de Kort SR, Tebbich S, Dally JM, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2006 ) . The comparative cognition of caching . Comparative Cognition: Experimental explanations of animal intelligence. , Editors: Wasserman, EA, Zentall, TR , Oxford University Press ( New York ),
Clayton NS, Emery NJ, Dickinson A ( 2006 ) . The rationality of animal memory: The cognition of caching . Rational Animals? , Editors: Nudds, M, Hurley, S , Oxford University Press ( Oxford ),
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2005 ) . Evolution of the avian brain and intelligence . CURR BIOL vol. 15 , ( 23 ) R946 - R950 .
Dally JM, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2005 ) . Cache protection strategies by western scrub-jays, Aphelocoma californica: implications for social cognition . ANIM BEHAV vol. 70 , 1251 - 1263 .
Dally JM, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2005 ) . The social suppression of caching in western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica) . BEHAVIOUR vol. 142 , 961 - 977 .
Emery NJ, Easton A ( 2005 ) . Introduction: What is social cognitive neuroscience (SCN)? . The Cognitive Neuroscience of Social Behaviour ,
Clayton N, Emery N ( 2005 ) . Corvid cognition . CURR BIOL vol. 15 , ( 3 ) R80 - R81 .
Easton A, Emery NJ ( 2005 ) . Cognitive Neuroscience of Social Behaviour . Psychology Press ( Hove, UK ),
Emery N ( 2005 ) . Primate PsychologyDarioMaestripieri2003Harvard University PressCambridge, MassachusettsPp. ix+619. Price $65.00 . Animal Behaviour vol. 69 , ( 1 ) 245 - 246 .
Emery NJ ( 2005 ) . The evolution of social cognition . Cognitive Neuroscience of Social Behaviour , Editors: Easton, A, Emery, NJ , Psychology Press ( Hove, UK ),
Emery NJ, Easton A ( 2005 ) . What is cognitive social neuroscience? . Cognitive Neuroscience of Social Behaviour , Editors: Easton, A, Emery, NJ , Psychology Press ( Hove, UK ),
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2004 ) . The mentality of crows: Convergent evolution of intelligence in corvids and apes . SCIENCE vol. 306 , ( 5703 ) 1903 - 1907 .
Daily JM, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2004 ) . Cache protection strategies by western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica): hiding food in the shade . P ROY SOC LOND B BIO vol. 271 , S387 - S390 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2004 ) . Animal cognition . The Behavior of Animals: Mechanisms, function and evolution. , Editors: Bolhuis, J, Giraldeau, L-A , Blackwell Science Ltd ( Oxford ),
Emery NJ ( 2004 ) . Are corvids ‘feathered apes’? Cognitive evolution in crows, jays, rooks and jackdaws . Comparative Analysis of Minds , Keio University Press ( Tokyo ),
Clayton NS, Emery NJ ( 2004 ) . Cache robbing . Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior , Editors: Bekoff, M , Greenwood Publishing Group ( Westport, CT ),
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2004 ) . Comparing the Complex Cognition of Birds and Primates . Comparative Vertebrate Cognition , Springer Nature
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2004 ) . Comparing the complex cognitive abilities of birds and primates . Comparative Vertebrate Cognition , Editors: Rogers, LJ, Kaplan, G , Plenum Publishers ( New York ),
Emery NJ, Dally JM, Clayton NS ( 2004 ) . Western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica) use cognitive strategies to protect their caches from thieving conspecifics . ANIM COGN vol. 7 , ( 1 ) 37 - 43 .
Clayton NS, Bussey TJ, Emery NJ, Dickinson A ( 2003 ) . Prometheus to Proust: the case for behavioural criteria for 'mental time travel' . TRENDS COGN SCI vol. 7 , ( 10 ) 436 - 437 .
de Kort SR, Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2003 ) . Food offering in jackdaws (Corvus monedula) . NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN vol. 90 , ( 5 ) 238 - 240 .
Emery NJ ( 2003 ) . A User's Guide to Life . Science vol. 300 , ( 5619 ) 585a - 5586 .
Emery NJ ( 2003 ) . Liars, lovers, and heroes - What the new brain science reveals about how we become who we are . SCIENCE vol. 300 , ( 5619 ) 585 - 586 .
Emery NJ ( 2002 ) . Book review . Animal Behaviour vol. 64 , ( 4 ) 673 - 674 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2002 ) . Erratum: Effects of experience and social context on prospective caching strategies by scrub jays . Nature vol. 416 , ( 6878 ) 349 - 349 .
Emery NJ ( 2002 ) . Book Review: The Amygdala: Afunctional Analysis (Second Edition) . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology vol. 55 , ( 1b ) 91 - 93 .
Emery NJ ( 2002 ) . The amygdala: A functional analysis . Q J EXP PSYCHOL-B vol. 55 , ( 1 ) 91 - 93 .
Emery NJ ( 2001 ) . Behavioral Neurobiology . Ethology vol. 107 , ( 9 ) 862 - 864 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2001 ) . Effects of experience and social context on prospective caching strategies by scrub jays . NATURE vol. 414 , ( 6862 ) 443 - 446 .
Clayton NS, Griffiths DP, Emery NJ, Dickinson A ( 2001 ) . Elements of episodic-like memory in animals . Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci vol. 356 , ( 1413 ) 1483 - 1491 .
Clayton NS, Griffiths DP, Emery NJ, Dickinson A ( 2001 ) . Elements of episodic-like memory . Phil Trans Roy Soc B vol. 356 , 1483 - 1491 .
Emery NJ, Capitanio JP, Mason WA, Machado CJ, Mendoza SP, Amaral DG ( 2001 ) . The effects of bilateral lesions of the amygdala on dyadic social interactions in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) . Behavioral Neuroscience vol. 115 , ( 3 ) 515 - 544 .
Emery NJ ( 2000 ) . The eyes have it: the neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews vol. 24 , ( 6 ) 581 - 604 .
Emery NJ, Clayton NS ( 2000 ) . Sensory Exotica: A World Beyond Human Experience by Howard C. Hughes . Trends in Cognitive Sciences vol. 4 , ( 5 )
Emery NJ, Perrett DI ( 2000 ) . How can studies of the monkey brain help us understand “theory of mind” and autism in humans? . Understanding Other Minds: Perspectives from developmental cognitive neuroscience , Editors: Baron-Cohen, S, Tager-Flusberg, H, Cohen, D , Oxford University Press ( Oxford ),
Emery NJ ( 2000 ) . The eyes have it: the neuroethology, evolution and function of social gaze . Neurosci Biobehav Rev vol. 24 , 581 - 604 .
Emery NJ, Amaral DG ( 2000 ) . The role of the amygdala in primate social cognition . Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion , Editors: Lane, RD, Nadel, L , Oxford University Press ( New York ),
Emery NJ, Lorincz EN, Perrett DI, Oram MW, Baker CI ( 1997 ) . Gaze following and joint attention in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) . J Comp Psychol vol. 111 , 286 - 293 .
Perrett DI, Emery NJ ( 1994 ) . Understanding the intentions of others from visual social signals: neurophysiological evidence . Current Psychology of Cognition vol. 13 , 683 - 694 .