Publications: Prof Charles Knowles

Vollebregt PF, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2023 ) . Letter: opioid usage is associated with rectal hyposensitivity in patients with opioid-induced constipation . Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics vol. 57 , ( 4 ) 448 - 449 .

Bharucha AE, Knowles CH, Mack I, Malcolm A, Oblizajek N, Rao S, Scott SM, Shin A et al. ( 2022 ) . Faecal incontinence in adults . Nature Reviews Disease Primers vol. 8 , ( 1 )

Grossi U, Lacy-Colson J, Brown SR, Cross S, Eldridge S, Jordan M, Mason J, Norton C et al. ( 2022 ) . Stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy in adults with chronic constipation . Techniques in Coloproctology vol. 26 , ( 12 ) 941 - 952 .

Knowles CH ( 2022 ) . Trials with repeated cross sections: alternatives to parallel group designs in surgery trials . Techniques in Coloproctology vol. 26 , ( 12 ) 929 - 930 .

Bharucha AE, Knowles CH ( 2022 ) . Rectocele: Incidental or important? Observe or operate? Contemporary diagnosis and management in the multidisciplinary era . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 34 , ( 11 )

Chaichanavichkij P, Hartmann M, McLachlan S, Scott SM, Fenton N, Knowles CH ( 2022 ) . O039 Evaluating the influence of risk factors on the development of defaecatory problems: a Delphi study . British Journal of Surgery vol. 109 , ( SUPPL 4 )

Vollebregt PF, Wiklendt L, Burgell RE, Chaichanavichkij P, Dinning PG, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2022 ) . Abnormal Perception of Urge to Defecate: An Important Pathophysiological Mechanism in Women With Chronic Constipation . American Journal of Gastroenterology vol. 117 , ( 7 ) 1125 - 1136 .

Vollebregt PF, Dinning PG, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2022 ) . Coexistent faecal incontinence and constipation: Common but frequently overlooked . United European Gastroenterology Journal vol. 10 , ( 6 ) 601 - 602 .

Kouli O, Murray V, Bhatia S, Cambridge WA, Kawka M, Shafi S, Knight SR, Kamarajah SK et al. ( 2022 ) . Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study . The Lancet Digital Health vol. 4 , ( 7 ) e520 - e531 .

Howell CA, Kemppinen A, Allgar V, Dodd M, Knowles CH, Mclaughlin J, Pandya P, Whorwell P et al. ( 2022 ) . Double-blinded randomised placebo controlled trial of enterosgel (polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate) for the treatment of IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D) . Gut vol. 71 , ( 12 ) 2430 - 2438 .

Desprez C, Danovi D, Knowles C, Day R ( 2022 ) . 515 CELL SHAPE CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS AS A PREDICTOR OF MYOGENIC COMPETENCY: A NEW PARADIGM TOWARDS PRECISION CELL THERAPY FOR INCONTINENCE . Continence vol. 2 ,

Adamina M, Ademuyiwa A, Adisa A, Bhangu AA, Bravo AM, Cunha MF, Emile S, Ghosh D et al. ( 2022 ) . The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study . Colorectal Disease vol. 24 , ( 6 ) 708 - 726 .

Baidoo N, Crawley E, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ, Belai A ( 2022 ) . Total collagen content and distribution is increased in human colon during advancing age . PLoS ONE vol. 17 , ( 6 June )

Vollebregt P, Wiklendt L, Burgell R, Chaichanavichkij P, Dinning P, Knowles C, Scott SM ( 2022 ) . 808: ABNORMAL PERCEPTION OF URGE TO DEFECATE: AN IMPORTANT PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM IN WOMEN WITH CONSTIPATION . Gastroenterology vol. 162 , ( 7 ) s - 198 .

Peiris M, Aktar R, Reed D, Cibert-Goton V, Zdanaviciene A, Halder W, Robinow A, Corke S et al. ( 2022 ) . Decoy bypass for appetite suppression in obese adults: role of synergistic nutrient sensing receptors GPR84 and FFAR4 on colonic endocrine cells . Gut vol. 71 , ( 5 ) 928 - 937 .

Knowles CH, Dinning P, Mark Scott S, Swash M, de Wachter S ( 2022 ) . New concepts in the pathophysiology of fecal incontinence . Annals of Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Surgery vol. 7 ,

Vollebregt PF, Burgell RE, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2022 ) . Rectal Hyposensitivity Is an Important Pathophysiologic Mechanism in Patients with Constipation: Evidence from Large Observational Studies in Patients Referred for Anorectal Physiology Testing . American Journal of Gastroenterology vol. 117 , ( 4 )

Ang D, Vollebregt P, Carrington EV, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2022 ) . Redundancy in the International Anorectal Physiology Working Group Manometry Protocol: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Fecal Incontinence . Digestive Diseases and Sciences vol. 67 , ( 3 ) 964 - 970 .

Rasijeff AMP, García-Zermeño K, Di Tanna GL, Remes-Troche J, Knowles CH, Scott MS ( 2022 ) . Systematic review and meta-analysis of anal motor and rectal sensory dysfunction in male and female patients undergoing anorectal manometry for symptoms of faecal incontinence . Colorectal Disease

Knowles CH, Cohen RC ( 2022 ) . Chronic anal pain: A review of causes, diagnosis, and treatment . Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine vol. 89 , ( 6 ) 336 - 343 .

Adegbola SO, Sarafian M, Sahnan K, Pechlivanis A, Phillips RKS, Warusavitarne J, Faiz O, Haddow J et al. ( 2022 ) . Lack of anti-TNF drugs levels in fistula tissue - a reason for nonresponse in Crohn's perianal fistulating disease? . European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology vol. 34 , ( 1 ) 18 - 26 .

Ahmed WUR, Bhatia S, McLean KA, Khaw R, Baker D, Kamarajah SK, Bell S, Nepogodiev D et al. ( 2022 ) . Validation of the OAKS prognostic model for acute kidney injury after gastrointestinal surgery . BJS Open vol. 6 , ( 1 )

Knowles CH, Booth L, Brown SR, Cross S, Eldridge S, Emmett C, Grossi U, Jordan M et al. ( 2021 ) . Non-drug therapies for the management of chronic constipation in adults: the CapaCiTY research programme including three RCTs .

Glasbey JC, Omar O, Nepogodiev D, Minaya-Bravo A, Bankhead-Kendall BK, Fiore M, Futaba K, Gujjuri RR et al. ( 2021 ) . Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic . British Journal of Surgery vol. 108 , ( 1 ) 88 - 96 .

Ng CE, Howell C, Kemppinen A, Forsyth H, Richell G, Markaryan E, McLaughlin J, Knowles C et al. ( 2021 ) . PWE-61 An early evaluation of participant recruitment and compliance following the virtualisation of RELIEVE IBS-D trial . Gut . Conference: Posters vol. 70 , a173 - a174 .

Ng CE, Howell C, Markaryan E, Kemppinen A, Ling J, Newton J, McLaughlin J, Knowles C et al. ( 2021 ) . PWE-63 Recruitment potential of enhanced IBS trial recruitment strategies in the community . Gut . Conference: Posters vol. 70 , a175 - a175 .

Ng CE, Howell C, Markaryan E, Kemppinen A, Ling J, Newton J, McLaughlin J, Knowles C et al. ( 2021 ) . PWE-64 Understanding factors that affect recruitment to an interventional trial of irritable bowel syndrome . Conference: Postersa175.2 - a1a176 .

Pinkney TD, Taylor H, Tong C, Schmitz ND, Morton DG, Bhangu A, Blackwell S, Dardanov D et al. ( 2021 ) . An international assessment of the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) principles across colorectal units in 2019–2020 . Colorectal Disease vol. 23 , ( 11 ) 2980 - 2987 .

Glasbey J, Ademuyiwa A, Adisa A, AlAmeer E, Arnaud AP, Ayasra F, Azevedo J, Minaya-Bravo A et al. ( 2021 ) . Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study . The Lancet Oncology vol. 22 , ( 11 ) 1507 - 1517 .

Grossi U, Heinrich H, Di Tanna GL, Taylor SA, Vollebregt PF, Knowles CH, Mark Scott S ( 2021 ) . Systematic Characterization of Defecographic Abnormalities in a Consecutive Series of 827 Patients With Chronic Constipation . Diseases of the Colon and Rectum vol. 64 , ( 11 ) 1385 - 1397 .

Heitmann PT, Vollebregt PF, Knowles CH, Lunniss PJ, Dinning PG, Scott SM ( 2021 ) . Understanding the physiology of human defaecation and disorders of continence and evacuation . Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology vol. 18 , ( 11 ) 751 - 769 .

Gmel GE, Vollebregt PF, Thijssen MEG, Santos Escapa R, McAlees E, Mugan D, Parker JL, Knowles CH ( 2021 ) . Electrophysiological Responses in the Human S3 Nerve During Sacral Neuromodulation for Fecal Incontinence . Frontiers in Neuroscience vol. 15 ,

Palmer A, Epton S, Crawley E, Straface M, Gammon L, Edgar MM, Xu Y, Elahi S et al. ( 2021 ) . Expression of p16 Within Myenteric Neurons of the Aged Colon: A Potential Marker of Declining Function . Frontiers in Neuroscience vol. 15 , 747067 - 747067 .

McLean KA, Kamarajah SK, Chaudhry D, Gujjuri RR, Raubenheimer K, Trout I, AlAmeer E, Creagh-Brown B et al. ( 2021 ) . Death following pulmonary complications of surgery before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic . British Journal of Surgery vol. 108 , ( 12 ) 1448 - 1464 .

Dudding TC, Lehur PA, Sørensen M, Engelberg S, Bertapelle MP, Chartier-Kastler E, Everaert K, Van Kerrebroeck P et al. ( 2021 ) . Reprogramming Sacral Neuromodulation for Sub-Optimal Outcomes: Evidence and Recommendations for Clinical Practice . Neuromodulation vol. 24 , ( 7 ) 1247 - 1257 .

Rabie M, Fowler H, Dudi-Venkata NN, Ayorinde J, Elshami M, Keller DS, Sylla P, Gallo G et al. ( 2021 ) . Diverticulitis Management, a Snapshot Collaborative Audit Study (DAMASCUS): Protocol for an international, multicentre, prospective observational study . Colorectal Disease vol. 23 , ( 8 ) 2182 - 2188 .

Akowuah E, Benson RA, Caruana EJ, Chetty G, Edwards JG, Forlani S, Gradinariu G, Murphy GJ et al. ( 2021 ) . Early outcomes and complications following cardiac surgery in patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019: An international cohort study . Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery vol. 162 , ( 2 ) e355 - e372 .

ESCP EAGLE Safe Anastomosis Collaborative ( 2021 ) . ESCP Safe Anastomosis ProGramme in CoLorectal SurgEry (EAGLE): Study protocol for an international cluster randomised trial of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy . Colorectal Dis

Scott SM, Simrén M, Farmer AD, Dinning PG, Carrington EV, Benninga MA, Burgell RE, Dimidi E et al. ( 2021 ) . Chronic constipation in adults: Contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges. 1: Epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology and investigation . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 33 , ( 6 )

Dibley L, Hart A, Duncan J, Knowles CH, Kerry S, Lanz D, Madurasinghe VW, Wade T et al. ( 2021 ) . Clinician Administered and Self-Report Survey Both Effective for Identifying Fecal Incontinence in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease . Digestive Diseases and Sciences vol. 66 , ( 6 ) 2024 - 2031 .

Martin JE, English W, Kendall JV, Sheshappanavar V, Peroos S, West M, Cleeve S, Knowles C ( 2021 ) . Megarectum: systematic histopathological evaluation of 35 patients and new common pathways in chronic rectal dilatation . Journal of Clinical Pathology vol. 75 , ( 10 ) 651 - 657 .

Knowles CH, Walker JA ( 2021 ) . Caecal volvulus on a background of recurrent caecocolic torsion . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England vol. 103 , ( 5 ) E177 - E179 .

Chaichanavichkij P, Vollebregt PF, Tee SZY, Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2021 ) . Slow-transit constipation and criteria for colectomy: A cross-sectional study of 1568 patients . BJS Open vol. 5 , ( 3 )

Vollebregt PF, Burgell RE, Hooper RL, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2021 ) . Clinical Impact of Rectal Hyposensitivity: A Cross-Sectional Study of 2,876 Patients With Refractory Functional Constipation . American Journal of Gastroenterology . vol. 116 , 758 - 768 .

Vollebregt PF, Burgell RE, Hooper RL, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2021 ) . Clinical Impact of Rectal Hyposensitivity: A Cross-Sectional Study of 2,876 Patients With Refractory Functional Constipation . Am J Gastroenterol vol. 116 , ( 4 ) 758 - 768 .

Glasbey JC, Nepogodiev D, Simoes JFF, Omar OM, Venn ML, Evans JP, Futaba K, Knowles CH et al. ( 2021 ) . Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic . Colorectal Disease vol. 23 , ( 3 ) 732 - 749 .

Rasijeff AMP, Garcia-Zermeno K, Carrington EV, Knowles C, Scott SM ( 2021 ) . Systematic evaluation of cough-anorectal pressure responses in health and in fecal incontinence: A high-resolution anorectal manometry study . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 33 , ( 3 )

Knowles CH, de Wachter S, Engelberg S, Lehur P, Matzel KE, Zirpel L, Bertapelle MP, Chartier-Kastler E et al. ( 2021 ) . The science behind programming algorithms for sacral neuromodulation . Colorectal Disease vol. 23 , ( 3 ) 592 - 602 .

Vollebregt PF, Wiklendt L, Ang D, Venn ML, Mekhael M, Christensen P, Dinning PG, Knowles CH et al. ( 2021 ) . Altered anal slow-wave pressure activity in low anterior resection syndrome: short case series in two independent specialist centres provide new mechanistic insights . Colorectal Disease vol. 23 , ( 2 ) 444 - 450 .

Corsetti M, Brown S, Chiarioni G, Dimidi E, Dudding T, Emmanuel A, Fox M, Ford AC et al. ( 2021 ) . Chronic constipation in adults: Contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges. 2: Conservative, behavioural, medical and surgical treatment . Neurogastroenterology and Motility

Bravo L, Nepogodiev D, Glasbey JC, Li E, Simoes JFF, Kamarajah SK, Picciochi M, Abbott TEF et al. ( 2021 ) . Machine learning risk prediction of mortality for patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2: The COVIDSurg mortality score . British Journal of Surgery vol. 19 , ( 4 )

Fomenko OY, Morozov SV, Scott SM, Knowles CH, Morozov DA, Shelygin YA, Maev IV, Nikityuk DB et al. ( 2021 ) . Recommendations for the Protocol of functional examination of the anorectal zone and disorders classification: The International Anorectal Physiology Working Group consensus and Russian real-world practice . Terapevticheskii Arkhiv vol. 92 , ( 12 ) 105 - 119 .

Chaichanavichkij P, Vollebregt PF, Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2020 ) . Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of dyssynergic defaecation in adults: a systematic review . Colorectal Disease vol. 22 , ( 12 ) 1832 - 1841 .

Leo CA, Leeuwenburgh M, Orlando A, Corr A, Scott SM, Murphy J, Knowles CH, Vaizey CJ et al. ( 2020 ) . Initial experience with SphinKeeper™ intersphincteric implants for faecal incontinence in the UK: a two-centre retrospective clinical audit . Colorectal Disease vol. 22 , ( 12 ) 2161 - 2169 .

Lee MJ, Dimairo M, Edwards J, Hawkins DJ, Hind D, Knowles CH, Hooper R, Brown SR et al. ( 2020 ) . Non-randomized studies should be considered for assessing surgical techniques in rectal prolapse: prospective cohort study . Colorectal Disease vol. 22 , ( 12 ) 2170 - 2180 .

Lehur PA, Sørensen M, Dudding TC, Knowles CH, de Wachter S, Engelberg S, Matzel KE ( 2020 ) . Programming Algorithms for Sacral Neuromodulation: Clinical Practice and Evidence—Recommendations for Day-to-Day Practice . Neuromodulation vol. 23 , ( 8 ) 1121 - 1129 .

Glasbey JC, Bibi S, Pata F, Ozkan BB, Van Straten S, Hodson J, Chapman SJ, Blanco-Colino R et al. ( 2020 ) . Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and the risk of postoperative pneumonia: an international, prospective cohort study . Colorectal Disease vol. 22 , ( 12 ) 2288 - 2297 .

Vollebregt PF, Wiklendt L, Dinning PG, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2020 ) . Coexistent faecal incontinence and constipation: A cross-sectional study of 4027 adults undergoing specialist assessment . EClinicalMedicine vol. 27 ,

Toth R, Zamora M, Ottaway J, Gillbe T, Martin S, Benjaber M, Lamb G, Noone T et al. ( 2020 ) . DyNeuMo Mk-2: An Investigational Circadian-Locked Neuromodulator with Responsive Stimulation for Applied Chronobiology . Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics . vol. 2020-October , 3433 - 3440 .

Glasbey JC, Nepogodiev D, Simoes J, Omar O, Li E, Venn ML, CovidSurg Collaborative ( 2020 ) . Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19 free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multi-centre, comparative cohort study . Journal of Clinical Oncology vol. 38 ,

El-Dhuwaib Y, Pandyan A, Knowles CH ( 2020 ) . Epidemiological trends in surgery for rectal prolapse in England 2001–2012: an adult hospital population-based study . Colorectal Disease vol. 22 , ( 10 ) 1359 - 1366 .

Arulampalam T, Bhangu A, Brown SR, Clark SK, Din F, Harji D, Knowles CH, McNamara D et al. ( 2020 ) . Legacy of COVID-19 – the opportunity to enhance surgical services for patients with colorectal disease . Colorectal Disease vol. 22 , ( 10 ) 1219 - 1228 .

Manara J, Sandhu H, Wee M, Odutola A, Wainwright T, Knowles C, Middleton R ( 2020 ) . Prolonged operative time increases risk of blood loss and transfusion requirements in revision hip surgery . European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology vol. 30 , ( 7 ) 1181 - 1186 .

Glasbey JC, Nepogodiev D, Omar O, Simoes JFF, Ademuyiwa A, Fiore M, Minaya-Bravo A, Shaw R et al. ( 2020 ) . Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection . British Journal of Surgery

Sideris M, McCaughey T, Hanrahan JG, Arroyo-Manzano D, Zamora J, Jha S, Knowles CH, Thakar R et al. ( 2020 ) . Risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) and anal incontinence: A meta-analysis . European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology vol. 252 , 303 - 312 .

Knowles CH ( 2020 ) . Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation . Anorectal Physiology ,

Vollebregt PF, Hooper RL, Farmer AD, Miller J, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2020 ) . Association between opioid usage and rectal dysfunction in constipation: A cross-sectional study of 2754 patients . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 32 , ( 7 )

Chapman SJ, Blanco-Colino R, Pérez-Ajates S, Bautista OA, Hodson J, Chapman SJ, Glasbey JC, Pata F et al. ( 2020 ) . Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery . British Journal of Surgery vol. 107 , ( 5 ) 552 - 559 .

Vollebregt PF, Wiklendt L, Ang D, Dinning PG, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2020 ) . Altered slow-wave pressure activity in low anterior resection syndrome: New mechanistic insight into pathophysiology? . NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY . vol. 32 ,

Vollebregt PF, Wiklendt L, Dinning PG, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2020 ) . Coexistence of faecal incontinence with constipation: An underappreciated clinical problem in adults. A phenotyping study of 4027 patients .

De Wachter S, Knowles CH, Elterman DS, Kennelly MJ, Lehur PA, Matzel KE, Engelberg S, Van Kerrebroeck PEV ( 2020 ) . New Technologies and Applications in Sacral Neuromodulation: An Update . Advances in Therapy vol. 37 , ( 2 ) 637 - 643 .

Kemppinen A, Howell C, Allgar V, Dodd M, Gregson J, Knowles C, McLaughlin J, Pandya P et al. ( 2020 ) . Randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled multi-centre study to assess the efficacy, tolerability and safety of Enterosgel® in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) in adults . Trials vol. 21 , ( 1 )

Adegbola S, Sarafian M, Sahnan K, Pechlivanis A, Phillips R, Knowles C, Haddow J, Warusavitarne J et al. ( 2020 ) . P345 Lack of anti-TNF drugs levels in fistula tissue: A reason for non-response in Crohn’s perianal fistula? . Journal of Crohn's and Colitis vol. 14 , ( Supplement_1 ) s330 - s331 .

Chapman SJ, Clerc D, Blanco-Colino R, Otto A, Nepogodiev D, Pagano G, Schaeff V, Soares A et al. ( 2020 ) . Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery . British Journal of Surgery vol. 107 , ( 2 ) e161 - e169 .

Carrington EV, Heinrich H, Knowles CH, Fox M, Rao S, Altomare DF, Bharucha AE, Burgell R et al. ( 2020 ) . The international anorectal physiology working group (IAPWG) recommendations: Standardized testing protocol and the London classification for disorders of anorectal function . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 32 , ( 1 )

Cibert-Goton V, Kung VWS, McGuire C, Hockley JRF, Tranter MM, Dogra H, Belai A, Blackshaw LA et al. ( 2019 ) . Functional and anatomical deficits in visceral nociception with age: a mechanism of silent appendicitis in the elderly? . Pain vol. 161 , ( 4 ) 773 - 786 .

Haddow JB, Musbahi O, MacDonald TT, Knowles CH ( 2019 ) . Comparison of cytokine and phosphoprotein profiles in idiopathic and Crohn's disease-related perianal fistula . World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol vol. 10 , ( 4 ) 42 - 53 .

Grossi U, Mercer-Jones M, Di Tanna GL, Knowles CH ( 2019 ) . Recalled stapler device, high complication rate, non validated scoring system and misquote from the STARR surgeons . Techniques in Coloproctology vol. 23 , ( 10 ) 1017 - 1018 .

Knowles CH ( 2019 ) . Quality evidence on interventions for faecal incontinence . The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology vol. 4 , ( 9 ) 659 - 660 .

Grossi U, Di Tanna GL, Heinrich H, Taylor SA, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2019 ) . Letter: limitations of defecography among patients with refractory constipation. Authors' reply . Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics vol. 50 , ( 1 ) 112 - 113 .

Yiannakou Y, Etherson K, Close H, Kasim A, Mercer-Jones M, Plusa S, Maier R, Green S et al. ( 2019 ) . A randomized double-blinded sham-controlled cross-over trial of tined-lead sacral nerve stimulation testing for chronic constipation . European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology vol. 31 , ( 6 ) 653 - 660 .

Vollebregt P, Grossi U, McCaughan RP, Knowles C, Scott SM ( 2019 ) . Sa1660 – Coexistence of Fecal Incontinence and Constipation in Adults is an Underappreciated Clinical Problem . Gastroenterology vol. 156 , ( 6 ) s - 357 .

Vollebregt P, Scott SM, Miller J, Knowles C ( 2019 ) . Su1627 – Opioid Usage is Significantly Associated with Rectal Hyposensitivity and Functional Evacuation Disorders in Patients with Chronic Constipation . Gastroenterology vol. 156 , ( 6 )

PEARSE RM, Peden C, STEPHENS T, Martin G, KAHAN B, Thomson A, Rivett K, Wells D et al. ( 2019 ) . Effectiveness of a national quality improvement programme to improve survival after emergency abdominal surgery: A stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial . Lancet

Carrington EV, Knowles CH, Grossi U, Scott SM ( 2019 ) . High-resolution Anorectal Manometry Measures Are More Accurate Than Conventional Measures in Detecting Anal Hypocontractility in Women With Fecal Incontinence . Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology vol. 17 , ( 3 ) 477 - 485.e9 .

Hooper R, Knowles C ( 2019 ) . Improving the efficiency of individually randomized clinical trials by staggering the introduction of the intervention . Statistics in Medicine vol. 38 , ( 1 ) 44 - 52 .

VOLLEBREGT PF, RASIJEFF AMP, pares D, GROSSI U, CARRINGTON EV, KNOWLES CH, scott, SCOTT SM ( 2019 ) . Functional anal canal length measurement using high‐resolution anorectal manometry to investigate anal sphincter dysfunction in patients with fecal incontinence or constipation . Neurogastroenterology and Motility

Seth JH, Gonzales G, Haslam C, Pakzad M, Vashisht A, Sahai A, Knowles C, Tucker A et al. ( 2018 ) . Feasibility of using a novel non-invasive ambulatory tibial nerve stimulation device for the home-based treatment of overactive bladder symptoms . Translational Andrology and Urology vol. 7 , ( 6 ) 912 - 919 .

Grossi U, Di Tanna GL, Heinrich H, Taylor SA, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2018 ) . Systematic review with meta-analysis: defecography should be a first-line diagnostic modality in patients with refractory constipation . Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics vol. 48 , ( 11-12 ) 1186 - 1201 .

Stephens TJ, Peden CJ, Pearse RM, Shaw SE, Abbott TEF, Jones E, Kocman D, Martin G et al. ( 2018 ) . Improving care at scale: Process evaluation of a multi-component quality improvement intervention to reduce mortality after emergency abdominal surgery (EPOCH trial) . Implementation Science vol. 13 , ( 1 )

Knowles CH, Bharucha AE ( 2018 ) . Chronic constipation . Keighley & Williams' Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, Fourth Edition: Two-volume set ,

Knowles CH ( 2018 ) . Human studies of anorectal sensory function . Irish Journal of Medical Science vol. 187 , ( 4 ) 1143 - 1147 .

Bhangu A, Minaya-Bravo AM, Gallo G, Glasbey JC, Kamarajah S, Pinkney T, El-Hussuna A, Battersby NJ et al. ( 2018 ) . An international multicentre prospective audit of elective rectal cancer surgery; operative approach versus outcome, including transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) . Colorectal Disease vol. 20 , ( S6 ) 33 - 46 .

Battersby N, Glasbey JC, Neary P, Negoi I, Kamarajah S, Sgro A, Bhangu A, Pinkney T et al. ( 2018 ) . Evaluating the incidence of pathological complete response in current international rectal cancer practice: the barriers to widespread safe deferral of surgery . Colorectal Disease vol. 20 , ( S6 ) 58 - 68 .

Sánchez-Guillén L, Nepogodiev D, Sivrikoz E, van Elst T, Minaya A, Pata F, Glasbey J, Pinkney T et al. ( 2018 ) . Safety of primary anastomosis following emergency left sided colorectal resection: an international, multi-centre prospective audit . Colorectal Disease vol. 20 , 47 - 57 .

SANGER GJ, BROAD J, KUNG V, Palmer A, ELAHI S, Karami A, Darreh-Shori T, Ahmed S et al. ( 2018 ) . Changes in neuromuscular structure and functions of human colon during ageing are region-dependent . Gut

Glasbey JC, Blanco-Colino R, Kelly M, Singh B, Bhangu A, Pinkney TD, Poskus T, El-Hussuna A et al. ( 2018 ) . Association of mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics and anastomotic leak following left sided colorectal resection: an international, multi-centre, prospective audit . Colorectal Disease vol. 20 , 15 - 32 .

El-Hussuna A, Chaudri S, Frasson M, Gallo G, Minaya A, Negoi I, Pata F, Sánchez-Guillén L et al. ( 2018 ) . The 2017 European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) international snapshot audit of left colon, sigmoid and rectal resections – study protocol . Colorectal Disease vol. 20 , 5 - 12 .

van der Pool A, Rawlings A, Sánchez-Guillén L, Kuiper S, Negoi I, Buchs N, El-Hussuna A, Battersby NJ et al. ( 2018 ) . The impact of conversion on the risk of major complication following laparoscopic colonic surgery: an international, multicentre prospective audit . Colorectal Disease vol. 20 , 69 - 89 .

McAlees E, Vollebregt PF, Stevens N, Dudding TC, Emmanuel AV, Furlong PL, Hamdy S, Hooper RL et al. ( 2018 ) . Efficacy and mechanism of sub-sensory sacral (optimised) neuromodulation in adults with faecal incontinence: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial . Trials vol. 19 , ( 1 )

Norton C, Dibley L, Hart A, Duncan J, Emmanuel A, Knowles C, Kerry S, Lanz D et al. ( 2018 ) . PTU-004 Asking about bowel control problems in IBD: results of face-to-face screening versus self-reporting . Gut . Conference: IBD vol. 67 ,

Thapar N, Saliakellis E, Benninga MA, Borrelli O, Curry J, Faure C, De Giorgio R, Gupte G et al. ( 2018 ) . Paediatric Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction: Evidence and Consensus-based Recommendations from an ESPGHAN-Led Expert Group . Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition vol. 66 , ( 6 ) 991 - 1019 .

Sadigh P, Burke J, Nikkhah D, Sammartino C, Puliatti C, Sivaprakasam R, Knowles C ( 2018 ) . ‘Abdominal reanimation’ and massive flank hernias: Moving towards a more functional reconstruction . Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery vol. 71 , ( 6 ) 941 - 943 .

Leventi A, Clifford TFJ, Arnold A, Knowles CH, Martin JE ( 2018 ) . A case of sigmoid volvulus . Gut

Wilkinson-Smith V, Bharucha AE, Emmanuel A, Knowles C, Yiannakou Y, Corsetti M ( 2018 ) . When all seems lost: management of refractory constipation—Surgery, rectal irrigation, percutaneous endoscopic colostomy, and more . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 30 , ( 5 )

Lee MJ, Fearnhead NS, Knowles CH, Brown SR ( 2018 ) . Waiting times . Colorectal Disease vol. 20 , ( 4 ) 348 - 349 .

Grossi U, Stevens N, McAlees E, Lacy-Colson J, Brown S, Dixon A, Di Tanna GL, Scott SM et al. ( 2018 ) . Stepped-wedge randomised trial of laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy in adults with chronic constipation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial . Trials vol. 19 , ( 1 ) 90 - 90 .

Norton C, Hart A, Duncan J, Emmanuel A, Knowles C, Kerry S, Lanz D, Berdunov V et al. ( 2018 ) . P261 Asking about bowel control problems in IBD: Results of face-to-face screening vs. self-reporting . Journal of Crohn's and Colitis vol. 12 , ( supplement_1 ) s232 - s233 .

Horrocks EJ, Chadi SA, Stevens NJ, Wexner SD, Knowles CH ( 2017 ) . Factors Associated With Efficacy of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence, Based on Post-Hoc Analysis of Data From a Randomized Trial . Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology vol. 15 , ( 12 ) 1915 - 1921.e2 .

Matzel KE, Chartier-Kastler E, Knowles CH, Lehur PA, Muñoz-Duyos A, Ratto C, Rydningen MB, Sørensen M et al. ( 2017 ) . Sacral Neuromodulation: Standardized Electrode Placement Technique . Neuromodulation vol. 20 , ( 8 ) 816 - 824 .

KNOWLES CH ( 2017 ) . Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Results V: Sacral Nerve Stimulation . Colorectal Disease vol. 19 , 92 - 100 .

Mercer-Jones MA, Brown SR, Knowles CH, Williams AB ( 2017 ) . Position Statement by The Pelvic Floor Society on behalf of The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland on the use of mesh in ventral mesh rectopexy (VMR) . Colorectal Dis

Knowles CH, Grossi U, Horrocks EJ, Pares D, Vollebregt PF, Chapman M, Brown SR, Mercer-Jones M et al. ( 2017 ) . Surgery for constipation: systematic review and clinical guidance: Paper 1: Introduction & Methods . Colorectal Dis vol. 19 Suppl 3 , 5 - 16 .

Knowles CH, Grossi U, Horrocks EJ, Pares D, Vollebregt PF, Chapman M, Brown S, Mercer-Jones M et al. ( 2017 ) . Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Graded practice and future research recommendations . Colorectal Dis vol. 19 Suppl 3 , 101 - 113 .

Knowles CH, Grossi U, Chapman M, Mason J, Brown S, Campbell K, Clarke A, Cruickshank N et al. ( 2017 ) . Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Results I: Colonic resection . Colorectal Disease vol. 19 , 17 - 36 .

Grossi U, Knowles CH, Mason J, Lacy-Colson J, Brown SR, Campbell K, Chapman M, Clarke A et al. ( 2017 ) . Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Results II: Hitching procedures for the rectum (rectal suspension) . Colorectal Disease vol. 19 , 37 - 48 .

Mercer-Jones M, Grossi U, Pares D, Vollebregt PF, Mason J, Knowles CH, NIHR CapaCiTY working group, Pelvic floor Society ( 2017 ) . Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Results III: Rectal wall excisional procedures (Rectal Excision) . Colorectal Dis vol. 19 Suppl 3 , 49 - 72 .

Grossi U, Horrocks EJ, Mason J, Knowles CH, Williams AB, Brown S, Campbell K, Chapman M et al. ( 2017 ) . Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Results IV: Recto-vaginal reinforcement procedures . Colorectal Disease vol. 19 , 73 - 91 .

Carrington EV, Heinrich H, Knowles CH, Rao SS, Fox M, Scott SM, Knowles C, Scott M et al. ( 2017 ) . Methods of anorectal manometry vary widely in clinical practice: Results from an international survey . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 29 , ( 8 )

Parés D, Drami I, Adams K, Grossi U, Suliman I, Knowles CH ( 2017 ) . Use of the Harmonic scalpel for Delorme's procedure . Colorectal Disease vol. 19 , ( 6 ) O232 - O234 .

Devane LA, Lucking E, Evers J, Buffini M, Scott SM, Knowles CH, O'Connell PR, Jones JFX ( 2017 ) . Altered defaecatory behaviour and faecal incontinence in a video-tracked animal model of pudendal neuropathy . Colorectal Disease vol. 19 , ( 5 ) O162 - O167 .

Hockley JRF, González-Cano R, McMurray S, Tejada-Giraldez MA, McGuire C, Torres A, Wilbrey AL, Cibert-Goton V et al. ( 2017 ) . Visceral and somatic pain modalities reveal Na<inf>V</inf>1.7-independent visceral nociceptive pathways . Journal of Physiology vol. 595 , ( 8 ) 2661 - 2679 .

Carrington EV, Grossi U, Knowles C, Scott SM ( 2017 ) . 43 'Pelvic Floor Akinesia' - A Highly Specific Manometric Finding in Patients with Defecatory Dysfunction . Gastroenterology vol. 152 , ( 5 )

Emmett C, Close H, Mason J, Taheri S, Stevens N, Eldridge S, Norton C, Knowles C et al. ( 2017 ) . Low-volume versus high-volume initiated trans-anal irrigation therapy in adults with chronic constipation: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial . Trials vol. 18 , ( 1 )

Norton C, Emmanuel A, Stevens N, Scott SM, Grossi U, Bannister S, Eldridge S, Mason JM et al. ( 2017 ) . Habit training versus habit training with direct visual biofeedback in adults with chronic constipation: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial . Trials vol. 18 , ( 1 ) 139 - 139 .

Fikree A, Aktar R, Morris JK, Grahame R, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2017 ) . The association between Ehlers-Danlos syndrome—hypermobility type and gastrointestinal symptoms in university students: a cross-sectional study . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 29 , ( 3 )

Etherson KJ, Horrocks EJ, Scott SM, Knowles CH, Yiannakou Y ( 2017 ) . A National Biofeedback Practitioners Service Evaluation: Focus on Chronic Idiopathic Constipation . Frontline Gastroenterol vol. 8 , ( 1 ) 62 - 67 .

Dimidi E, Dibley L, Cotterill N, Scott M, Whelan K, Knowles CH, Norton C ( 2016 ) . Validated constipation symptom and quality-of-life measures neither reflect patient and clinician concerns nor use words familiar to patients . Gastrointestinal Nursing vol. 14 , ( 8 ) 29 - 38 .

McGuire C, Boundouki G, Hockley JR, Reed D, Cibert-Goton V, Peiris M, Kung V, Broad J et al. ( 2016 ) . Ex vivo study of human visceral nociceptors . GUT Article 27654583 , 1 - 11 .

Stevens N, Knowles C ( 2016 ) . Risk based survey evidence supports electronic informed consent as a recruitment method for UK clinical trials . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology vol. 77 , 134 - 136 .

Jones J, Van de Putte D, De Ridder D, Knowles C, O'Connell R, Nelson D, Goessaert A-S, Everaert K ( 2016 ) . A Joint Mechanism of Action for Sacral Neuromodulation for Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction? . Urology vol. 97 , Article C , 13 - 19 .

Townsend DC, Carrington EV, Grossi U, Burgell RE, Wong JYJ, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2016 ) . Pathophysiology of fecal incontinence differs between men and women: a case-matched study in 200 patients . Neurogastroenterology and Motility

Palit S, Thin N, Knowles CH, Lunniss PJ, Bharucha AE, Scott SM ( 2016 ) . Diagnostic disagreement between tests of evacuatory function: a prospective study of 100 constipated patients . Neurogastroenterology and Motility

Rao SSC, Bharucha AE, Chiarioni G, Felt-Bersma R, Knowles C, Malcolm A, Wald A ( 2016 ) . Anorectal disorders . Gastroenterology vol. 150 , ( 6 ) 1430 - 1442.e4 .

Evers J, Devane L, Carrington EV, Scott SM, Knowles CH, O'Connell PR, Jones JFX ( 2016 ) . Reversal of sensory deficit through sacral neuromodulation in an animal model of fecal incontinence . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 28 , ( 5 ) 665 - 673 .

Devane LA, Evers J, Scott MS, Knowles CH, O'Connell P, Jones JFX ( 2016 ) . Acute lumbosacral nerve stimulation does not affect anorectal motor function in a rodent model . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 28 , ( 3 ) 358 - 363 .

Menys A, Butt S, Emmanuel A, Plumb AA, Fikree A, Knowles C, Atkinson D, Zarate N et al. ( 2016 ) . Comparative quantitative assessment of global small bowel motility using magnetic resonance imaging in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and healthy controls . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 28 , ( 3 ) 376 - 383 .

Grossi U, Carrington EV, Bharucha AE, Horrocks EJ, Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2016 ) . Diagnostic accuracy study of anorectal manometry for diagnosis of dyssynergic defecation . Gut vol. 65 , ( 3 ) 447 - 455 .

Evers J, Carrington EV, Scott SM, Knowles CH, O'Connell PR, Jones JFX ( 2016 ) . The effect sacral neuromodulation on anal, perineal and rectal light-touch evoked potentials in the rat . IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE . vol. 185 , S93 - S94 .

Knowles CH, Horrocks EJ, Stevens N, Norton C, Eldridge S ( 2016 ) . The CONFIDeNT trial - Authors' reply . The Lancet vol. 387 , ( 10019 ) 644 - 645 .

Knowles CH, Horrocks EJ, Stevens N, Norton C, Eldridge S ( 2016 ) . The CONFIDeNT trial Reply . LANCET vol. 387 , ( 10019 ) 644 - 645 .

Kung V, Broad J, Carroll R, Knowles C, Sanger G ( 2016 ) . Effects of ageing on myenteric neuronal number and neuromuscular function in the human colon . The Lancet . vol. 387 ,

Hockley JRF, Tranter MM, McGuire C, Bondouki G, Cibert-Goton V, Thaha MA, Blackshaw L, Michael GJ et al. ( 2016 ) . P2Y Receptors Sensitize Mouse and Human Colonic Nociceptors . Journal of Neuroscience vol. 36 , ( 8 ) Article 26911685 , 2364 - 2376 .

Carrington EV, Evers J, Scott SM, Knowles CH, O'Connell PR, Jones JFX ( 2015 ) . Mechanically evoked cortical potentials: A physiological approach to assessment of anorectal sensory pathways . Journal of Neuroscience Methods vol. 256 , 198 - 202 .

Knowles CH ( 2015 ) . Defecation: Colectomy for constipation - A time for renewed caution? . Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology vol. 12 , ( 12 ) 675 - 676 .

Thomas GP, Duelund-Jakobsen J, Dudding TC, Bradshaw E, Nicholls RJ, Alam A, Emmanuel A, Thin N et al. ( 2015 ) . A double-blinded randomized multicentre study to investigate the effect of changes in stimulation parameters on sacral nerve stimulation for constipation . Colorectal Disease vol. 17 , ( 11 ) 990 - 995 .

Pochopien M, Plisko R, Drzal R, Baran M, Sekiewicz B, Dudding T, Knowles C, Grifi M et al. ( 2015 ) . PMD85 Cost-Utility Analysis of Sacral Nerve Stimulation for The Treatment of Fecal Incontinence Refractory to Conservative Treatment: Looking for Optimal Treatment Path . Value in Health . vol. 18 ,

Knowles CH, Horrocks EJ, Bremner SA, Stevens N, Norton C, O'Connell PR, Eldridge S ( 2015 ) . Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus sham electrical stimulation for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults (CONFIDeNT): A double-blind, multicentre, pragmatic, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial . The Lancet vol. 386 , ( 10004 ) 1640 - 1648 .

Rimmer CJ, Knowles CH, Lamparelli M, Durdey P, Lindsey I, Hunt L, Nugent K, Gill KA ( 2015 ) . Short-term Outcomes of a Randomized Pilot Trial of 2 Treatment Regimens of Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence . Diseases of the Colon and Rectum vol. 58 , ( 10 ) 974 - 982 .

Seth J, Haslam C, Gonzales G, Pakzad M, Vashisht A, Elneil S, Sahai A, Knowles C et al. ( 2015 ) . SINGLE CENTRE RANDOMISED PILOT STUDY OF TWO REGIMENS (30 MINS DAILY OR 30 MINS WEEKLY FOR 12 WEEKS) OF TRANSCUTANEOUS TIBIAL NERVE STIMULATION USING A NOVEL DEVICE FOR TREATING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS-RELATED OVERACTIVE BLADDER SYMPTOMS . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry . vol. 86 ,

Norton C, Dibley LB, Hart A, Duncan J, Emmanuel A, Knowles CH, Stevens N, Terry H et al. ( 2015 ) . Faecal incontinence intervention study (FINS): Self-management booklet information with or without nurse support to improve continence in people with inflammatory bowel disease: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial . Trials vol. 16 , ( 1 )

Horrocks EJ, Bremner SA, Stevens N, Norton C, Gilbert D, O’Connell PR, Eldridge S, Knowles CH ( 2015 ) . Double-blind randomised controlled trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus sham electrical stimulation in the treatment of faecal incontinence: CONtrol of faecal incontinence using distal neuromodulation (the CONFIDeNT trial) . Health Technology Assessment vol. 19 , ( 77 ) 1 - 164 .

Thaha MA, Abukar AA, Thin NN, Ramsanahie A, Knowles CH ( 2015 ) . Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation in adults . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews vol. 2015 , ( 8 )

Horrocks E, Bremner, Stevens N, Norton C, O’Connell P, Eldridge S, Knowles C ( 2015 ) . OC-007 Double blind randomised controlled trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults . Gut . vol. 64 ,

Dimidi E, Dibley L, Cotterill N, Knowles C, Scott S, Whelan K, Norton C ( 2015 ) . PTU-181 An exploratory qualitative study investigating patients’ experiences of constipation and how their self-reported symptoms and quality of life compare with currently available validated measures . Gut . vol. 64 ,

Kung V, Broad J, Machesney M, THAHA MA, Knowles CH, Sanger G ( 2015 ) . Preoperative chemotherapy does not appear to have short-term effects on human rectal neuromuscular functions . Gut . Conference: Digestive Disorders Federation 2015 ( London, UK ) from: 22/06/2015 to: 26/06/2015 , vol. Suppl 1 , A584 - A584 .

Bulmer DC, Botha CA, Wheeldon A, Grey K, Mein CA, Lee K, Knowles CH, Winchester WJ et al. ( 2015 ) . Evidence of a role for GTP cyclohydrolase-1 in visceral pain . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 27 , ( 5 ) 656 - 662 .

Horrocks E, Bremner SA, Stevens N, Norton C, Eldridge S, Knowles CH ( 2015 ) . 928 Double Blind Randomised Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) VS. Sham Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Faecal Incontinence . Gastroenterology vol. 148 , ( 4 ) s - 177 .

Horrocks E, Bremner SA, Stevens N, Norton C, Eldridge S, Knowles CH ( 2015 ) . Double Blind Randomised Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) VS. Sham Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Faecal Incontinence . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 148 , S177 - S177 .

Horrocks EJ, Bremner SA, Stevens N, Norton C, O'Connell PR, Eldridge S, Knowles CH ( 2015 ) . Double blind randomised controlled trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) vs sham electrical stimulation in the treatment of faecal incontinence. (ISRCTN: 88559475) . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 102 , 5 - 5 .

Haddow JB, Musbahi O, Julka P, Knowles CH, Parsai A ( 2015 ) . Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI to evaluate idiopathic and Crohn's perianal fistula: a pilot study . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 102 , 16 - 16 .

Cibert-Goton V, Kung VW, Hockley JR, Blackshaw A, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ, Bulmer DC ( 2015 ) . Evidence for Reduced Visceral Nociceptors Activation With Age During Appendicitis . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 148 , S924 - S925 .

Shamsiddinova A, Horrocks EJ, Mackenzie H, Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2015 ) . Fowler's syndrome of the anorectum? . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 102 , 38 - 38 .

Fikree A, Aktar R, Grahame R, Hakim AJ, Morris JK, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2015 ) . Functional gastrointestinal disorders are associated with the joint hypermobility syndrome in secondary care: A case-control study . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 27 , ( 4 ) 569 - 579 .

Botha C, Farmer AD, Nilsson M, Brock C, Gavrila AD, Drewes AM, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2015 ) . Preliminary report: modulation of parasympathetic nervous system tone influences oesophageal pain hypersensitivity . Gut vol. 64 , ( 4 ) 611 - 617 .

Carrington EV, Heinrich H, Fox MR, Rao SS, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2015 ) . Sa1363 International Survey of Methods for Anorectal Manometry: An Exploration of Variability in Current Practice . Gastroenterology vol. 148 , ( 4 ) s - 304 .

Carrington EV, Tangenberg E, Horrocks E, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2015 ) . Sa1364 Prospective Comparison of Test Performance Between Traditional and High-Resolution Anal Manometry (HRAM) in Female Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Fecal Incontinence . Gastroenterology vol. 148 , ( 4 ) s - 305 .

Maeda Y, O'Connell PR, Lehur PA, Matzel KE, Laurberg S, Altomare DF, Baeten CGI, Buntzen S et al. ( 2015 ) . Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation: A European consensus statement . Colorectal Disease vol. 17 , ( 4 ) O74 - O87 .

Cibert-Goton V, Kung VW, Hockley JR, Blackshaw A, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ, Bulmer DC ( 2015 ) . Tu1873 Evidence for Reduced Visceral Nociceptors Activation With Age During Appendicitis . Gastroenterology vol. 148 , ( 4 )

Altomare DF, Giuratrabocchetta S, Knowles CH, Duyos AM, Robert-Yap J, Matzel KE ( 2015 ) . Long-term outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence . British Journal of Surgery vol. 102 , ( 4 )

Hayat JO, Gabieta-Somnez S, Yazaki E, Kang J-Y, Woodcock A, Dettmar P, Mabary J, Knowles CH et al. ( 2015 ) . Pepsin in saliva for the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease . Gut vol. 64 , ( 3 ) 373 - 380 .

Thin NN, Taylor SJC, Bremner SA, Emmanuel AV, Hounsome N, Williams NS, Knowles CH ( 2015 ) . Randomized clinical trial of sacral versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in patients with faecal incontinence . British Journal of Surgery vol. 102 , ( 4 )

Grossi U, Hotouras A, Horrocks E, Allison M, Chan CL, Knowles CH ( 2015 ) . Home-based percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence: Is it feasible? . Annals of Surgery vol. 261 , ( 1 )

Shribman SE, Noyce AJ, Martin JE, Giovannoni G, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . The distribution of alpha-synuclein in the enteric nervous system: An immunohistochemical study on colonic resections from 24 control and 4 Parkinson's disease patients . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 29 , 1839 - 1839 .

Hotouras A, Murphy J, Allison M, Curry A, Williams NS, Knowles CH, Chan CL ( 2014 ) . Prospective clinical audit of two neuromodulatory treatments for fecal incontinence: sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) . Surg Today vol. 44 , ( 11 ) 2124 - 2130 .

Hotouras A, Murphy J, Allison M, Curry A, Williams NS, Knowles CH, Chan CL ( 2014 ) . Prospective clinical audit of two neuromodulatory treatments for fecal incontinence: sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) . Surgery Today vol. 44 , ( 11 ) 2124 - 2130 .

Fikree A, Grahame R, Aktar R, Farmer AD, Hakim AJ, Morris JK, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2014 ) . A prospective evaluation of undiagnosed joint hypermobility syndrome in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms . Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol vol. 12 , ( 10 ) 1680 - 87.e2 .

Hockley JRF, Boundouki G, Cibert-Goton V, McGuire C, Yip PK, Chan C, Tranter M, Wood JN et al. ( 2014 ) . Multiple roles for Na<inf>V</inf>1.9 in the activation of visceral afferents by noxious inflammatory, mechanical, and human disease-derived stimuli . Pain vol. 155 , ( 10 ) 1962 - 1975 .

Hockley JRF, Boundouki G, Cibert-Goton V, McGuire C, Yip PK, Chan C, Tranter M, Wood JN et al. ( 2014 ) . Multiple roles for NaV1.9 in the activation of visceral afferents by noxious inflammatory, mechanical, and human disease-derived stimuli . Pain vol. 155 , ( 10 ) 1962 - 1975 .

Carrington EV, Evers J, Grossi U, Dinning PG, Scott SM, O'Connell PR, Jones JFX, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . A systematic review of sacral nerve stimulation mechanisms in the treatment of fecal incontinence and constipation . Neurogastroenterol Motil vol. 26 , ( 9 ) 1222 - 1237 .

Broadhead A, Mcguire C, Reed D, Peiris M, Knowles CH, Kurtz CB, Silos-Santiago A, Bulmer D et al. ( 2014 ) . Activation of guanylate cyclase C inhibits human and mouse intestinal afferent mechanosensitivity but not chemosensitivity . NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY vol. 26 , 32 - 32 .

Evers J, Devane L, Carrington EV, Scott SM, Knowles CH, O'Connell PR, Jones JFX ( 2014 ) . Effects of stimulation frequency and intensity in sacral neuromodulation on anorectal inputs to the somatosensory cortex in an experimental model . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY vol. 101 , ( 10 ) 1317 - 1328 .

Carrington EV, Grossi U, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2014 ) . Normal values for high-resolution anorectal manometry: a time for consensus and collaboration . Neurogastroenterol Motil vol. 26 , ( 9 ) 1356 - 1357 .

Palit S, Bhan C, Lunniss PJ, Boyle DJ, Gladman MA, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2014 ) . Evacuation proctography: a reappraisal of normal variability . Colorectal Dis vol. 16 , ( 7 ) 538 - 546 .

Grossi U, Carrington EV, Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . Sacral neuromodulation for anorectal dysfunction secondary to congenital imperforate anus: report of two cases . Int J Colorectal Dis vol. 29 , ( 7 ) 889 - 890 .

Hayat J, Gabieta-Somnez S, Yazaki E, Kang JY, Woodcock A, Dettmar P, Mabary J, Knowles C et al. ( 2014 ) . PTU-152 Pepsin In Saliva For The Diagnosis Of Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease . Gut vol. 63 Suppl 1 ,

Fikree A, Aktar R, Farmer A, Grahame R, Knowles C, Aziz Q ( 2014 ) . PWE-160 The Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Is Associated With Functional Dyspepsia And Reflux And Identifies A Subgroup With Somatisation, Chronic Pain And Worse Quality Of Life . Gut vol. 63 Suppl 1 , A194 - A195 .

Etherson K, Horrocks E, Scott M, Knowles CH, Yiannakou Y ( 2014 ) . PWE-172 A National Biofeedback Practitioners Service Evaluation . Gut vol. 63 Suppl 1 ,

Thin NN, Taylor SJ, Bremner SA, Hounsome N, Bannister SM, Williams NS, Allison M, Emmanuel A et al. ( 2014 ) . 882 Randomised Mixed Methods Trial of Sacral and Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Faecal Incontinence . Gastroenterology . vol. 146 , s - 154 .

Kung VWS, Broad J, Sanger GJ, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . Gender- and regionally-specific decline in colonic neuromuscular activity with advanced age . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 101 , 3 - 3 .

Carrington EV, Tangenberg E, Horrocks E, Palit S, Knowles CH, Scot SM ( 2014 ) . Mo2004 Squeeze Profile -A Novel and Improved Measure of Anal Function Using High-Resolution Anal Manometry . Gastroenterology vol. 146 , ( 5 ) s - 714 .

Peiris M, Reed DE, Broadhead A, Knowles CH, Bulmer DC, Blackshaw A ( 2014 ) . Mo2030 Role of Kv7 Potassium Channels in Excitation of Human Colonic Afferents . Gastroenterology vol. 146 , ( 5 ) s - 722 .

Horrocks EJ, Jordan P, Burgell R, Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . Post-partum defecatory dysfunction: a complex problem involving co-existing faecal incontinence and constipation . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 101 , 12 - 13 .

Thin NN, Taylor SJC, Bremner SA, Hounsome N, Williams NS, Bannister S, Allison ME, Alam A et al. ( 2014 ) . Prospective randomised mixed methods pilot trial of sacral and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 101 , 10 - 10 .

Carrington EV, Horrocks EJ, Burgell R, Bjerke A, Connolly S, Scott SM, Jones JFX, O'Connell PR et al. ( 2014 ) . Quality of anal evoked potential (AEP) recordings is reduced in patients with faecal incontinence (FI): evidence of central sensory pathway dysfunction? . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 101 , 11 - 11 .

Broad J, Kung VW, Greene-Diniz R, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ ( 2014 ) . Regionally-Specific Changes in Human Colonic Neuromuscular Activity With Advanced Age . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 146 , S362 - S362 .

Peiris M, Reed DE, Broadhead A, Knowles CH, Bulmer DC, Blackshaw A ( 2014 ) . Role of Kv7 Potassium Channels in Excitation of Human Colonic Afferents . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 146 , S722 - S722 .

Fikree A, Aktar R, Farmer AD, Grahame R, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2014 ) . Sa1330 The Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Is Associated With Functional Dyspepsia and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disorders and Identifies A Subgroup With Multiple Extra-Intestinal Symptoms and Worse Quality of Life . Gastroenterology vol. 146 , ( 5 ) s - 264 .

Townsend DC, Carrington EV, Burgell R, Horrocks EJ, Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . Sex differences in features of anorectal dysfunction: a consecutive study of 100 males and 100 females presenting for investigation of faecal incontinence . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 101 , 36 - 36 .

Carrington EV, Tangenberg E, Horrocks E, Palit S, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2014 ) . Squeeze Profile - A Novel and Improved Measure of Anal Function Using High-Resolution Anal Manometry . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 146 , S714 - S714 .

Hotouras A, Murphy J, Abeles A, Allison M, Williams NS, Knowles CH, Chan CL ( 2014 ) . Symptom distribution and anorectal physiology results in male patients with rectal intussusception and prolapse . Journal of Surgical Research vol. 188 , ( 1 ) 298 - 302 .

Hotouras A, Murphy J, Abeles A, Allison M, Williams NS, Knowles CH, Chan CL ( 2014 ) . Symptom distribution and anorectal physiology results in male patients with rectal intussusception and prolapse . J Surg Res vol. 188 , ( 1 ) 298 - 302 .

Fikree A, Aktar R, Farmer AD, Grahame R, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2014 ) . The Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Is Associated With Functional Dyspepsia and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disorders and Identifies A Subgroup With Multiple Extra-Intestinal Symptoms and Worse Quality of Life . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 146 , S264 - S264 .

Shribman SE, Noyce AJ, Martin JE, Giovannoni G, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . The distribution of alpha-synuclein in the enteric nervous system: An immunohistochemical study on colonic resections from 24 control and 4 Parkinson's disease patients . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 29 , S31 - S32 .

Carrington EV, Brokjaer A, Craven H, Zarate N, Horrocks EJ, Palit S, Jackson W, Duthie GS et al. ( 2014 ) . Traditional measures of normal anal sphincter function using high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) in 115 healthy volunteers . Neurogastroenterol Motil vol. 26 , ( 5 ) 625 - 635 .

Horrocks EJ, Scott SM, Burgell RE, Carrington EV, Yerragorla P, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . Under-recognised co-existence of constipation and faecal incontinence in the adult population: a large single-centre experience . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 101 , 45 - 45 .

Hotouras A, Murphy J, Walsh U, Allison M, Curry A, Williams NS, Knowles C, Chan CL ( 2014 ) . Outcome of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for fecal incontinence: A prospective cohort study . Annals of Surgery vol. 259 , ( 5 ) 939 - 943 .

Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH, Knowles CH, Hardy J, Giovannoni G, Nageshwaran S et al. ( 2014 ) . PREDICT-PD: Identifying risk of Parkinson's disease in the community: methods and baseline results . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY vol. 85 , ( 1 ) 31 - 37 .

Farmer AD, Coen SJ, Kano M, Naqvi H, Paine PA, Scott SM, Furlong PL, Lightman SL et al. ( 2014 ) . Psychophysiological responses to visceral and somatic pain in functional chest pain identify clinically relevant pain clusters . Neurogastroenterol Motil vol. 26 , ( 1 ) 139 - 148 .

Hollins L, Hawdon J, Auckland G, Roberts J, Jago A, Knowles C, Peters J, Green J et al. ( 2014 ) . Service design. Down a new patient pathway . The Health service journal vol. 124 , ( 6382 )

Horrocks EJ, Thin N, Thaha MA, Taylor SJC, Norton C, Knowles CH ( 2014 ) . Systematic review of tibial nerve stimulation to treat faecal incontinence . British Journal of Surgery

Haddow JB, Adwan H, Clark SE, Tayeh S, Antonowicz SS, Jayia P, Chicken DW, Wiggins T et al. ( 2014 ) . Use of the surgical Apgar score to guide postoperative care . Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England vol. 96 , ( 5 ) 352 - 358 .

Broad J, Kung VWS, Boundouki G, Aziz Q, De Maeyer JH, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ ( 2013 ) . Cholinergic interactions between donepezil and prucalopride in human colon: potential to treat severe intestinal dysmotility . Br J Pharmacol vol. 170 , ( 6 ) 1253 - 1261 .

Farmer AD, Coen SJ, Kano M, Paine PA, Shwahdi M, Jafari J, Kishor J, Worthen SF et al. ( 2013 ) . Psychophysiological responses to pain identify reproducible human clusters . Pain vol. 154 , ( 11 ) 2266 - 2276 .

Thin NN, Horrocks EJ, Hotouras A, Palit S, Thaha MA, Chan CLH, Matzel KE, Knowles CH ( 2013 ) . Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of neuromodulation in the treatment of faecal incontinence . British Journal of Surgery vol. 100 , ( 11 ) 1430 - 1447 .

Aiken AM, Haddow JB, Symons NRA, Kaptanis S, Katz-Summercorn AC, Debnath D, Dent H, Tayeh S et al. ( 2013 ) . Use of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective inguinal hernia repair in adults in London and south-east England: A cross-sectional survey . Hernia vol. 17 , ( 5 ) 657 - 664 .

Hotouras A, Murphy J, Thin NN, Allison M, Horrocks E, Williams NS, Knowles CH, Chan CL ( 2013 ) . Outcome of sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence in patients refractory to percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation . Dis Colon Rectum vol. 56 , ( 7 ) 915 - 920 .

Horrocks E, Jordan P, Burgell R, Scott M, Knowles C ( 2013 ) . PTU-051 Post-Partum Defecatory Dysfunction: A Complex Problem Involving Co-Existing Faecal Incontinence and Rectal Evacuatory Disorder . Gut . vol. 62 ,

Lahiri RP, Abeles A, Burnand KM, Alazawi W, Bhattacharya S, Foster GR, Knowles CH ( 2013 ) . A cross sectional study of colonic diverticulosis in the London Bangladeshi population . United European Gastroenterol J vol. 1 , ( 3 ) 191 - 197 .

Fikree A, Aziz Q, Ahmed M, Mohammed S, Knowles CH, Scott M ( 2013 ) . JOINT HYPERMOBILITY SYNDROME, RECTAL HYPOSENSITIVITY AND SEVERE CONSTIPATION IN YOUNG NULLIPAROUS FEMALES . GUT . vol. 62 , A98 - A98 .

Fikree A, Aktar R, Gillespie KV, Glasgow LE, Morris JK, Farmer A, Grahame R, Knowles CH et al. ( 2013 ) . THE ASSOCIATION OF THE JOINT HYPERMOBILITY SYNDROME WITH FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS - AN INTERESTING NEW FINDING THAT MAY EXPLAIN AETIOLOGY . GUT . vol. 62 , A97 - A97 .

McGuire C, Harrington AM, Hubball A, McPhail H, Peiris M, Bulmer DC, Knowles CH, Blackshaw LA ( 2013 ) . 257 Anatomical Sensory Nerve Markers in Human Gut . Gastroenterology vol. 144 , ( 5 ) s - 56 .

McGuire C, Harrington AM, Hubball A, McPhail H, Peiris M, Bulmer DC, Knowles CH, Blackshaw LA ( 2013 ) . Anatomical Sensory Nerve Markers in Human Gut . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 144 , S56 - S56 .

Athanasakos EP, Kemal KI, Malliwal RS, Scott SM, Williams NS, Aziz Q, Ward HC, Knowles CH ( 2013 ) . Clinical and psychosocial functioning in adolescents and young adults with anorectal malformations and chronic idiopathic constipation . Br J Surg vol. 100 , ( 6 ) 832 - 839 .

Bulmer DC, Botha CA, Winchester W, Blackshaw LA, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2013 ) . Healthy Volunteers With the Pain Protective GTP Cyclohydrolase-1 Haplotype Who Sensitise to Oesophageal Acidification Possess Significantly Higher Pain Thresholds . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 144 , S935 - S935 .

McGuire C, Boundouki G, Peiris M, Blackshaw LA, Knowles CH, Bulmer DC ( 2013 ) . Identification of a Distinct Population of Human Visceral Nociceptors . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 144 , S670 - S670 .

Hockley JR, Cibert-Goton V, Boundouki G, Wood J, Knowles CH, Baker MD, Winchester W, Bulmer DC ( 2013 ) . Mechanotransduction in Mouse Visceral Afferent Fibres Is Modulated by Nav1.9 . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 144 , S935 - S935 .

McGuire C, Boundouki G, Peiris M, Blackshaw LA, Knowles CH, Bulmer DC ( 2013 ) . Mo1815 Identification of a Distinct Population of Human Visceral Nociceptors . Gastroenterology vol. 144 , ( 5 ) s - 670 .

Fikree A, Aktar R, Wellstead G, Morris JK, Knowles CH, Grahame R, Aziz Q ( 2013 ) . Mo2067 The Association Between Gastrointestinal Symptoms and the Joint Hypermobility Syndrome in a Population of University Students . Gastroenterology vol. 144 , ( 5 ) s - 732 .

Carrington EV, Hobson A, Knowles CH, Lunniss PJ, Scott SM ( 2013 ) . Mo2109 Characterization of Transient Anal Sphincter Relaxations (TASRs) Health Using High Resolution Anorectal Manometry: Redefining the Sampling Reflex? . Gastroenterology vol. 144 , ( 5 ) s - 745 .

Horrocks E, Carrington EV, Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2013 ) . Sa2032 Anal Evoked Potentials At ‘Twitch’ Threshold: A New Method for Exploration of Anal Sensory Function . Gastroenterology vol. 144 , ( 5 ) s - 364 .

Peiris M, Masding A, Galanakis V, Bulmer DC, Knowles CH, Blackshaw LA ( 2013 ) . Sa2070 Specific Pathways of Nutrient Activation in Human and Mouse Enteroendocrine Eells . Gastroenterology vol. 144 , ( 5 ) s - 374 .

Peiris M, Masding A, Galanakis V, Bulmer DC, Knowles CH, Blackshaw LA ( 2013 ) . Specific Pathways of Nutrient Activation in Human and Mouse Enteroendocrine Eells . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 144 , S374 - S374 .

Fikree A, Aktar R, Glasgow LE, Gillespie KV, Farmer AD, Grahame R, Morris JK, Knowles CH et al. ( 2013 ) . Su2038 The Association Between Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Joint Hypermobility Syndrome – Connective Tissue Is the Missing Link! . Gastroenterology vol. 144 , ( 5 ) s - 539 .

Fikree A, Aktar R, Glasgow LE, Gillespie KV, Farmer AD, Grahame R, Morris JK, Knowles CH et al. ( 2013 ) . The Association Between Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Joint Hypermobility Syndrome - Connective Tissue Is the Missing Link! . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 144 , S539 - S539 .

Fikree A, Aktar R, Wellstead G, Morris JK, Knowles CH, Grahame R, Aziz Q ( 2013 ) . The Association Between Gastrointestinal Symptoms and the Joint Hypermobility Syndrome in a Population of University Students . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 144 , S732 - S732 .

Hockley JR, Cibert-Goton V, Boundouki G, Wood J, Knowles CH, Baker MD, Winchester W, Bulmer DC ( 2013 ) . Tu2121 Mechanotransduction in Mouse Visceral Afferent Fibres Is Modulated by Nav1.9 . Gastroenterology vol. 144 , ( 5 ) s - 935 .

Bulmer DC, Botha CA, Winchester W, Blackshaw LA, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2013 ) . Tu2122 Healthy Volunteers With the Pain Protective GTP Cyclohydrolase-1 Haplotype Who Sensitise to Oesophageal Acidification Possess Significantly Higher Pain Thresholds . Gastroenterology vol. 144 , ( 5 ) s - 935 .

Knowles CH, Lindberg G, Panza E, De Giorgio R ( 2013 ) . New perspectives in the diagnosis and management of enteric neuropathies . Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol vol. 10 , ( 4 ) 206 - 218 .

Martin JE, Duraisamy Y, West M, Chowdhury DATM, Rahman M, Rowberry P, Broad J, Minassian B et al. ( 2013 ) . Glycogen metabolism pathway defects produce gastrointestinal myopathy with polyglucosan bodies: an explanation for the neuropathology and symptoms of gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorder . NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY . vol. 39 , 25 - 25 .

Kondo T, Oshima T, Tomita T, Fukui H, Watari J, Okada H, Kikuchi S, Sasako M et al. ( 2013 ) . Prostaglandin E-2 mediates acid-induced heartburn in healthy volunteers . AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY vol. 304 , ( 6 ) G568 - G573 .

Sanger GJ, Broad J, Kung V, Knowles CH ( 2013 ) . Translational neuropharmacology: the use of human isolated gastrointestinal tissues . Br J Pharmacol vol. 168 , ( 1 ) 28 - 43 .

Bryant C, Lunniss PJ, Knowles CH, Thaha MA, Chan CLH ( 2012 ) . Anterior resection syndrome . Lancet Oncology vol. 13 , ( 9 ) e403 - e408 .

Hotouras A, Thaha MA, Boyle DJ, Allison ME, Currie A, Knowles CH, Chan CLH ( 2012 ) . Short-term outcome following percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence: a single-centre prospective study . Colorectal Dis vol. 14 , ( 9 ) 1101 - 1105 .

Hubball AW, Lang B, Souza MAN, Curran OD, Martin JE, Knowles CH ( 2012 ) . Voltage-gated potassium channel (K(v) 1) autoantibodies in patients with chagasic gut dysmotility and distribution of K(v) 1 channels in human enteric neuromusculature (autoantibodies in GI dysmotility) . Neurogastroenterol Motil vol. 24 , ( 8 ) 719 - e344 .

Bryant CLC, Murphy J, THAHA MA, Chan CLH, Knowles CH, Williams NS ( 2012 ) . Anterior perineal plane for ultra-low anterior resection of the rectum (The APPEAR Technique)clinical, functional, and oncological medium term outcomes . Conference: Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain & Ireland ( Dublin ) from: 01/07/2012 to: 03/07/2012 , vol. 14 , 17 - 17 .

Hotouras A, Allison M, Currie A, Knowles CH, Chan CLC, Thaha MA ( 2012 ) . Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) for faecal incontinence: a video demonstration . Diseases of the Colon and Rectum vol. 6 , ( 55 ) 711 - 713 .

Peiris M, Atiba MA, Hubball A, Bulmer DC, Knowles CH, Blackshaw LA ( 2012 ) . 1104 Molecular Aspects of Nutrient Sensing in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract . Gastroenterology vol. 142 , ( 5 ) s - 199 .

Botha CA, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2012 ) . Anxiety and Sympathetic Nervous System Activation are Associated With the Development of Human Esophageal Pain Hypersensitivity . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 142 , S290 - S290 .

Duraisamy Y, West M, Knowles CH, Akman HO, DiMauro S, Rahman MM, Minassian B, Martin J ( 2012 ) . Glycogen Metabolism Defects Produce Gastrointestinal Myopathy With Polyglucosan Bodies . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 142 , S897 - S897 .

Peiris M, Atiba MA, Hubball A, Bulmer DC, Knowles CH, Blackshaw LA ( 2012 ) . Molecular Aspects of Nutrient Sensing in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 142 , S199 - S199 .

Botha CA, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2012 ) . Sa1386 Anxiety and Sympathetic Nervous System Activation are Associated With the Development of Human Esophageal Pain Hypersensitivity . Gastroenterology vol. 142 , ( 5 ) s - 290 .

Duraisamy Y, West M, Knowles CH, Akman HO, DiMauro S, Rahman MM, Minassian B, Martin J ( 2012 ) . Tu1996 Glycogen Metabolism Defects Produce Gastrointestinal Myopathy With Polyglucosan Bodies . Gastroenterology vol. 142 , ( 5 ) s - 897 .

Palit S, Thin NN, Knowles CH, Scott SM, Lunniss PJ ( 2012 ) . Prospective comparison of balloon expulsion, anorectal manometry and evacuation proctography for the diagnosis of evacuatory dysfunction . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 99 , 28 - 28 .

Noyce A, Silveira-Moriyama L, Lees AJ, Schrag A, Bestwick J, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Hardy J et al. ( 2012 ) . A PILOT STUDY OF AN ALGORITHM DESIGNED TO IDENTIFY PARKINSON'S DISEASE IN THE EARLY, NON-MOTOR PHASE . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Noyce A, Bestwick J, Hawkes CH, Knowles CH, Hardy J, Lees AJ, Silveira-Moriyama L, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2012 ) . AN ALGORITHM TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS AT HIGH-RISK OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE IN THE COMMUNITY . JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY . vol. 83 ,

Martin JE, Chowdhury ATMD, McElwaine S, Fikree A, Minassian B, Broad J, Knowles CH, Allen L et al. ( 2012 ) . Intestinal Glycogen Storage Disease, and the Molecular Basis of Pseudo-obstruction with Polyglucosan Bodies . JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY . vol. 226 , S24 - S24 .

Panza E, Knowles CH, Graziano C, Thapar N, Burns AJ, Seri M, Stanghellini V, De Giorgio R ( 2012 ) . Genetics of human enteric neuropathies . PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY vol. 96 , ( 2 ) 176 - 189 .

Chua YC, Ng KS, Sharma A, Jafari J, Surguy S, Yazaki E, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2012 ) . Randomised clinical trial: pregabalin attenuates the development of acid-induced oesophageal hypersensitivity in healthy volunteers - a placebo-controlled study . Aliment Pharmacol Ther vol. 35 , ( 3 ) 319 - 326 .

KNOWLES CH, Knowles CH, Thin N, Gill K, Bhan C, Grimmer K, Lunniss PJ, Williams NS et al. ( 2012 ) . Prospective randomized double-blind study of temporary sacral nerve stimulation in patients with rectal evacuatory dysfunction and rectal hyposensitivity . Annals of Surgery vol. 255 , ( 4 ) 643 - 649 .

Thin NN, Knowles C, Allison M ( 2012 ) . Sacral nerve stimulation in patients with faecal incontinence . Gastrointestinal Nursing vol. 10 , ( 1 ) 36 - 44 .

MURPHY J, Knowles CH, Bhan C, Scott SM, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ ( 2012 ) . The effects of age and parity on anal sphincter function and morphology in 999 symptomatic female patients with colorectal dysfunction . Dis. Col. Rect. vol. 3 , ( 55 ) 286 - 293 .

Hotouras A, Thaha MA, Boyle D, Allison M, Currie A, Knowles CH, Chan CLH ( 2011 ) . Short-term outcomes following percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for faecal incontinence: A single-centre prospective study . Colorectal Disease

Lindsey I, Knowles C ( 2011 ) . Abdominal surgery for chronic constipation . Colorectal Disease vol. 13 , ( 12 )

Knowles CH, Martin JE ( 2011 ) . Enteric neuromuscular pathology update . Gastroenterol Clin North Am vol. 40 , ( 4 ) 695 - 713 .

Knowles CH, De Giorgio R, IWG ( 2011 ) . The London Classification of gastrointestinal neuromuscular pathology: a little more flexibility would be wise ... response . GUT vol. 60 , ( 10 ) 1437 - 1438 .

Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2011 ) . Constipation: Dried plums (prunes) for the treatment of constipation . Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol vol. 8 , ( 6 ) 306 - 307 .

Martin JE, Chowdhury AH, McElwaine S, Fikree A, Broad J, Knowles CH, Allen L, Bevan S et al. ( 2011 ) . A Novel Phenotype of Glycogen Storage Disease Presenting as Gastrointestinal Neuromuscular Disease . Gastroenterology vol. 140 , ( 5 ) s - 705 .

Noyce AJ, Bestwick J, Hawkes CH, Schrag A, Knowles CH, Hardy J, Lees AJ, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2011 ) . A pilot study of an algorithm designed to identify Parkinson's disease in the early, non-motor phase . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 26 , S54 - S54 .

Noyce AJ, Bestwick J, Hawkes CH, Knowles CH, Hardy J, Lees AJ, Silveira-Moriyama L, Giovannoni G et al. ( 2011 ) . An algorithm to identify individuals at high-risk of Parkinson's disease in the community . MOVEMENT DISORDERS . vol. 26 , S54 - S55 .

Carrington EV, Burgell R, Lelic D, Surguy S, Drewes AM, Aziz Q, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2011 ) . Assessment of Rectal Afferent Neuronal Function Using Evoked Potentials in Patients With Constipation and Rectal Hyposensitivity - A Pilot Study . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 140 , S530 - S530 .

Carrington EV, Burgell R, Lelic D, Surguy S, Drewes AM, Aziz Q, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2011 ) . Assessment of Rectal Afferent Neuronal Function Using Evoked Potentials in Patients With Constipation and Rectal Hyposensitivity – A Pilot Study . Gastroenterology vol. 140 , ( 5 ) s - 530 .

Botha CA, Naqvi H, Chua YC, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2011 ) . Effect of Autonomic Modulation on Human Esophageal Pain Hypersensitivity . Gastroenterology vol. 140 , ( 5 ) s - 164 .

Rovedatti L, Di Sabatino A, Knowles CH, Sengupta N, Biancheri P, Corazza GR, MacDonald TT ( 2011 ) . Fibroblast activation protein expression in Crohn's disease strictures . Inflamm Bowel Dis vol. 17 , ( 5 ) 1251 - 1253 .

Palit S, Thin NN, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2011 ) . Prospective Comparison of Balloon Expulsion, Anorectal Manometry and Evacuation Proctography for the Diagnosis of Rectal Evacuatory Disorder . Gastroenterology vol. 140 , ( 5 ) s - 609 .

Thin NN, Bhan C, Gill K, Grimmer K, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ, Scott SM, Knowles CH ( 2011 ) . Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Patients With Severe Rectal Evacuatory Dysfunction Allied to Rectal Hyposensitivity . Gastroenterology vol. 140 , ( 5 )

Broad J, Mukerjee S, Boundouki G, Hughes F, Mannur KR, Knowles CH, Dukes GE, Sanger GJ ( 2011 ) . Regionally-Dependent Responses to Both Nerve Stimulation and to Motilin in Human Isolated Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestine . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 140 , S479 - S480 .

Broad J, Hubball A, Souza M, Boundouki G, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ ( 2011 ) . Serum but Not IgG From Patients With Chagas' Disease Relax Naive Human Colon Muscle Without Directly Interfering With Motor Nerve Functions . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 140 , S282 - S282 .

Carrington EV, Burgell R, Lelic D, Surguy S, Drewes A, Aziz Q, Knowles CH, Scott SM ( 2011 ) . Assessment of rectal afferent neuronal function using evoked potentials in patients with constipation and rectal hyposensation - A pilot study . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 98 , 43 - 44 .

Botha CA, Naqvi H, Chua YC, Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2011 ) . EFFECT OF AUTONOMIC MODULATION ON HUMAN OESOPHAGEAL PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY . GUT . vol. 60 ,

Chua YC, Hubball A, Peiris M, Ng KS, Hughes SF, Chinaleong J, Preston S, Patel B et al. ( 2011 ) . OESOPHAGEAL EPITHELIAL ASIC3 IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASE IN SEVERITY OF SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) . GUT . vol. 60 , A171 - A171 .

Carrington EV, Knowles CH ( 2011 ) . The influence of sacral nerve stimulation on anorectal dysfunction . Colorectal Dis vol. 13 Suppl 2 , 5 - 9 .

Thin NN, Carrington EV, Grimmer K, Knowles CH ( 2011 ) . Advancement anoplasty and sacral nerve stimulation: an effective combination for radiation-induced anal stenosis . Int J Colorectal Dis vol. 26 , ( 2 ) 211 - 213 .

Knowles CH, Farrugia G ( 2011 ) . Gastrointestinal neuromuscular pathology in chronic constipation . Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol vol. 25 , ( 1 ) 43 - 57 .

Peiris M, Bulmer DC, Baker MD, Boundouki G, Sinha S, Hobson A, Lee K, Aziz Q et al. ( 2011 ) . Human visceral afferent recordings: preliminary report . Gut vol. 60 , ( 2 ) 204 - 208 .

Knowles CH, Veress B, Kapur RP, Wedel T, Farrugia G, Vanderwinden J-M, Geboes K, Smith VV et al. ( 2011 ) . Quantitation of cellular components of the enteric nervous system in the normal human gastrointestinal tract--report on behalf of the Gastro 2009 International Working Group . Neurogastroenterol Motil vol. 23 , ( 2 ) 115 - 124 .

Nastro P, Knowles CH, McGrath A, Heyman B, Porrett TRC, Lunniss PJ ( 2010 ) . Complications of intestinal stomas . Br J Surg vol. 97 , ( 12 ) 1885 - 1889 .

Boundouki G, Peiris M, Baker MD, Bulmer DC, Aziz Q, Hobson A, Sinha S, Lee K et al. ( 2010 ) . A novel in vitro model of visceral pain using the human appendix . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY vol. 97 , 31 - 32 .

Chua YC, Ng KS, Sharma A, Jafari J, Surguy S, Yazaki E, Julu PO, Knowles CH et al. ( 2010 ) . Pregabalin prevents development of visceral hyperalgesia to oesophageal acid infusion in healthy volunteers . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY vol. 97 , 1 - 1 .

Bhan C, Prosser K, Gill K, Boyle DJ, Mottahadeh M, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ, Scott SM et al. ( 2010 ) . Prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of sacral nerve stimulation in patients with severe rectal evacuatory dysfunction allied to rectal hyposensitivity . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 97 , 33 - 33 .

Docena G, Rovedatti L, Kruidenier L, Fanning A, Leakey NAB, Knowles CH, Lee K, Shanahan F et al. ( 2010 ) . Down-regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and proinflammatory cytokine production by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease . Clin Exp Immunol vol. 162 , ( 1 ) 108 - 115 .

Knowles CH, De Giorgio R, Kapur RP, Bruder E, Farrugia G, Geboes K, Lindberg G, Martin JE et al. ( 2010 ) . The London Classification of gastrointestinal neuromuscular pathology: report on behalf of the Gastro 2009 International Working Group . Gut vol. 59 , ( 7 ) 882 - 887 .

Chua YC, Ng KS, Jafari J, Sharma A, Surguy S, Yazaki E, Julu PO, Knowles CH et al. ( 2010 ) . 933 Pregabalin Prevents Development of Esophageal Hypersensitivity to Esophageal Acid Infusion in Healthy Volunteers . Gastroenterology vol. 138 , ( 5 ) s - 134 .

Chua YC, Ng KS, Jafari J, Sharma A, Surguy S, Yazaki E, Julu PO, Knowles CH et al. ( 2010 ) . Pregabalin Prevents Development of Esophageal Hypersensitivity to Esophageal Acid Infusion in Healthy Volunteers . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 138 , S134 - S134 .

Chua YC, Ng KS, Sharma A, Jafari J, Surguy S, Yazaki E, Julu PO, Knowles CH et al. ( 2010 ) . ACID-INDUCED OESOPHAGEAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IS INHIBITED BY PREGABALIN TREATMENT . GUT . vol. 59 , A25 - A25 .

Broad J, Boundouki G, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ ( 2010 ) . CHARACTERISATION OF MOTOR NERVE RESPONSES TO ELECTRICAL FIELD STIMULATION IN HUMAN ISOLATED COLON . GUT . vol. 59 , A140 - A140 .

Sinha S, Sinha A, Sinha S, Bhan C, McConnachie A, Knowles CH ( 2010 ) . Selection matters-A regional survey of UK consultant opinion on selection into postgraduate surgical and medical training . Journal of Surgical Education vol. 67 , ( 2 ) 85 - 94 .

Zarate N, Farmer AD, Grahame R, Mohammed SD, Knowles CH, Scott SM, Aziz Q ( 2010 ) . Unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and joint hypermobility: is connective tissue the missing link? . Neurogastroenterol Motil vol. 22 , ( 3 ) 252 - e78 .

De Giorgio R, Ricciardiello L, Naponelli V, Selgrad M, Piazzi G, Felicani C, Serra M, Fronzoni L et al. ( 2010 ) . Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction Related to Viral Infections . TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS . vol. 42 , 9 - 14 .

Kondo T, Oshima T, Obata K, Sakurai J, Knowles CH, Matsumoto T, Noguchi K, Miwa H ( 2010 ) . Role of transient receptor potential A1 in gastric nociception . Digestion vol. 82 , ( 3 ) 150 - 155 .

Rovedatti L, Kudo T, Biancheri P, Sarra M, Knowles CH, Rampton DS, Corazza GR, Monteleone G et al. ( 2009 ) . Differential regulation of interleukin 17 and interferon gamma production in inflammatory bowel disease . Gut vol. 58 , ( 12 ) 1629 - 1636 .

Martin JE, Hester TW, Aslam H, Sinha S, Knowles CH ( 2009 ) . Discordant practice and limited histopathological assessment in gastrointestinal neuromuscular disease . GUT vol. 58 , ( 12 ) 1703 - 1705 .

Knowles CH, Dinning PG, Pescatori M, Rintala R, Rosen H ( 2009 ) . Surgical management of constipation . NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL vol. 21 , 62 - 71 .

Di Sabatino A, Rovedatti L, Kaur R, Spencer JP, Brown JT, Morisset VD, Biancheri P, Leakey NAB et al. ( 2009 ) . Targeting gut T cell Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels inhibits T cell cytokine production and T-box transcription factor T-bet in inflammatory bowel disease . J Immunol vol. 183 , ( 5 ) 3454 - 3462 .

Knowles CH, De Giorgio R, Kapur RP, Bruder E, Farrugia G, Geboes K, Gershon MD, Hutson J et al. ( 2009 ) . Gastrointestinal neuromuscular pathology: guidelines for histological techniques and reporting on behalf of the Gastro 2009 International Working Group . Acta Neuropathol vol. 118 , ( 2 ) 271 - 301 .

Boyle DJ, Knowles CH, Lunniss PJ, Scott SM, Williams NS, Gill KA ( 2009 ) . Efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence in patients with anal sphincter defects . Dis Colon Rectum vol. 52 , ( 7 ) 1234 - 1239 .

Knowles A, Knowles C, Scott S, Lunniss PJ ( 2009 ) . Effects of age and gender on three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography measurements: Development of normal ranges . Coloproctology vol. 31 , ( 3 ) 161 - 168 .

Rovedatti L, Kudo T, Biancheri P, Rampton DS, Sengupta N, Knowles CH, Monteleone G, Corazza GR et al. ( 2009 ) . Differential Regulation of Interleukin-17 and Interferon-gamma Production in Inflammatory Bowel Disease . GASTROENTEROLOGY . vol. 136 , A258 - A258 .

Farmer AD, Zarate N, Scott SM, Mohammed S, Knowles CH, Grahame R, Aziz Q ( 2009 ) . M1215 Unexplained Gastrointestinal Dysmotility and Joint Hypermobility: Is Connective Tissue the Missing Link? . Gastroenterology vol. 136 , ( 5 ) a - 374 .

Rovedatti L, Kudo T, Biancheri P, Rampton DS, Sengupta N, Knowles CH, Monteleone G, Corazza GR et al. ( 2009 ) . S1731 Differential Regulation of Interleukin-17 and Interferon-γ Production in Inflammatory Bowel Disease . Gastroenterology vol. 136 , ( 5 ) a - 258 .

Farmer AD, Zarate-Lopez N, Mohammed S, Scott SM, Knowles CH, Grahame R, Aziz Q ( 2009 ) . JOINT HYPERMOBILITY AND FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS: IS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THE MISSING LINK? . RHEUMATOLOGY . vol. 48 , I95 - I95 .

De Giorgio R, Knowles CH ( 2009 ) . Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction . BRIT J SURG vol. 96 , ( 3 ) 229 - 239 .

Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2009 ) . Basic and clinical aspects of gastrointestinal pain . Pain vol. 141 , ( 3 ) 191 - 209 .

Rovedatti L, Di Sabatino A, Kudo T, Sarra M, Rampton D, Knowles CH, Sengupta N, Monteleone G et al. ( 2009 ) . P294 - Control of interleukin-17 production in inflammatory bowel disease . Journal of Crohn's and Colitis vol. 3 , ( 1 )

Knowles CH, Martin JE ( 2009 ) . New techniques in the tissue diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases . World J Gastroenterol vol. 15 , ( 2 ) 192 - 197 .

Hubball A, Martin JE, Lang B, De Giorgio R, Knowles CH ( 2009 ) . The role of humoral autoimmunity in gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases . Prog Neurobiol vol. 87 , ( 1 ) 10 - 20 .

Zarate N, Knowles CH, Yazaki E, Lunnis PJ, Scott SM ( 2009 ) . Clinical presentation and patterns of slow transit constipation do not predict coexistent upper gut dysmotility . Dig Dis Sci vol. 54 , ( 1 ) 122 - 131 .

Karling P, Abrahamsson H, Dolk A, Hallbook O, Hellstrom PM, Knowles CH, Kjellstrom L, Lindberg G et al. ( 2009 ) . Function and dysfunction of the colon and anorectum in adults: Working team report of the Swedish Motility Group (SMoG) . SCAND J GASTROENTERO vol. 44 , ( 6 ) 646 - 660 .

Knowles AM, Knowles CH, Scott SM, Lunniss P ( 2008 ) . Effects of age and gender on three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography measurements: development of normal ranges . TECH COLOPROCTOL vol. 12 , ( 4 ) 323 - 329 .

Loosemore M, Knowles CH, Whyte GP ( 2008 ) . Amateur boxing and risk of chronic traumatic brain injury: Systematic review of observational studies . British Journal of Sports Medicine vol. 42 , ( 11 ) 564 - 567 .

Loosemore M, Knowles CH, Whyte GP ( 2008 ) . Amateur boxing and risk of chronic traumatic brain injury: systematic review of observational studies . BRIT J SPORT MED vol. 42 , ( 11 ) 864 - 867 .

Williams NS, Murphy J, Knowles C, Chan C, Ahmed S ( 2008 ) . Letter in response to colorectal disease article on intersphincteric resection . Colorectal Disease vol. 10 , ( 7 )

Gladman MA, Knowles CH ( 2008 ) . Surgical treatment of patients with constipation and fecal incontinence . GASTROENTEROL CLIN N vol. 37 , ( 3 ) 605 - + .

Gladman MA, Knowles CH ( 2008 ) . Novel concepts in the diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of idiopathic megabowel . COLORECTAL DIS vol. 10 , ( 6 ) 531 - 538 .

Knowles CH, Veress B, Tornblom H, Wallace S, Paraskeva P, Darzi A, Martin JE, Nyberg B et al. ( 2008 ) . Safety and diagnostic yield of laparoscopically assisted full-thickness bowel biospy . NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL vol. 20 , ( 7 ) 774 - 779 .

Williams NS, Murphy J, Knowles CH ( 2008 ) . Anterior Perineal PlanE for Ultra-low Anterior Resection of the Rectum (the APPEAR technique): a prospective clinical trial of a new procedure . Ann Surg vol. 247 , ( 5 ) 750 - 758 .

Knowles CH, Aziz Q ( 2008 ) . Visceral hypersensitivity in non-erosive reflux disease . Gut vol. 57 , ( 5 ) 674 - 683 .

Docena GH, Fanning A, Rovedatti L, Di Sabatino A, Leakey NA, Knowles CH, Lee K, Shanahan F et al. ( 2008 ) . Activation and modulation of the MAP kinase pathway in IBD . GASTROENTEROLOGY vol. 134 , ( 4 ) A647 - A647 .

Matthews PJ, Knowles CH, Chua YC, Delaney C, Hobson AR, Aziz Q ( 2008 ) . Effects of the concentration and frequency of acid infusion on the development and maintenance of esophageal hyperalgesia in a human volunteer model . Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol vol. 294 , ( 4 ) G914 - G917 .

Gooneratne ML, Facer P, Knowles CH, Chan CL, Lunniss PJ, Scott SM, Anand P, Williams NS ( 2008 ) . Normalization of substance P levels in rectal mucosa of patients with faecal incontinence treated successfully by sacral nerve stimulation . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY vol. 95 , ( 4 ) 477 - 483 .

Knowles CH, De Giorgio R ( 2008 ) . Observations on a vestigial organ: a potential surrogate for enteric neuromesenchymal disease . NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL vol. 20 , ( 4 ) 263 - 268 .

Irving PM, Macey MG, Feakins RM, Knowles CH, Frye JN, Liyanage SH, DORUDI S, Williams NS et al. ( 2008 ) . Platelet-leucocyte aggregates form in the mesenteric vasculature in patients with ulcerative colitis . Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol vol. 20 , ( 4 ) 283 - 289 .

Docena G, Fanning A, Rovedatti L, Di Sabatino A, Leakey N, Knowles C, Lee K, Shanahan F et al. ( 2008 ) . OC1.04.3 ACTIVATION AND MODULATION OF THE MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PATHWAY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE . Digestive and Liver Disease . vol. 40 ,

Di Sabatino A, Kruidenier L, Rovedatti L, Leakey N, Wilson M, Lione L, Knowles C, Lee K et al. ( 2008 ) . OC3.03.1 T-CELL SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF GUT PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY A CA2+ RELEASE-ACTIVATED CA2+ CHANNEL (CRAC) BLOCKER IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) . Digestive and Liver Disease . vol. 40 , s41 - s42 .

Zarate N, Knowles CH, Newell M, Garvie NW, Gladman MA, Lunniss PJ, Scott SM ( 2008 ) . In patients with slow transit constipation, the pattern of colonic transit delay does not differentiate between those with and without impaired rectal evacuation . AM J GASTROENTEROL vol. 103 , ( 2 ) 427 - 434 .

Knowles CH ( 2007 ) . New horizons in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal neuromuscular disease . J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr vol. 45 Suppl 2 , S97 - 102 .

Loosemore M, Knowles CH, Whyte GP ( 2007 ) . Amateur boxing and risk of chronic traumatic brain injury: systematic review of observational studies . BRIT MED J vol. 335 , ( 7624 ) 809 - 812 .

Loosemore M, Knowles C, Wilson M, Whyte G ( 2007 ) . Amateur Boxing and Risk of Chronic Brain Injury . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise vol. 39 , ( 5 )

Bowen S, Ateh DD, Deinhardt K, Bird MM, Price KM, Baker CS, Robson JC, Swash M et al. ( 2007 ) . The phagocytic capacity of neurones . Eur J Neurosci vol. 25 , ( 10 ) 2947 - 2955 .

Murphy J, Hammond TM, Knowles CH, Scott SM, Lunniss PJ, Williams NS ( 2007 ) . Does anastomotic technique influence anorectal function after sphincter-saving rectal cancer resection? A systematic review of evidence from randomized trials . J AM COLL SURGEONS vol. 204 , ( 4 ) 673 - 680 .

Donaldson J, Knowles CH, Clark SK, Renfrew I, Lobo MD ( 2007 ) . Rectus sheath haematoma associated with low molecular weight heparin: a case series . ANN ROY COLL SURG vol. 89 , ( 3 ) 309 - 312 .

Tornblom H, Lang B, Clover L, Knowles CH, Vincent A, Lindberg G ( 2007 ) . Autoantibodies in patients with gut motility disorders and enteric neuropathy . SCAND J GASTROENTERO vol. 42 , ( 11 ) 1289 - 1293 .

MURPHY J, Williams NS, El-Gendy K, Knowles CH ( 2007 ) . Combined abdominal and perineal approach for delayed restoration of bowel continuity after low anterior resection in females . Ann. Surg. vol. 250 , ( 1 ) 174 - 174 .

Scott SM, Knowles CH, Wang D, Yazaki E, Picon L, Wingate DL, Lindberg G ( 2006 ) . The nocturnal jejunal migrating motor complex: defining normal ranges by study of 51 healthy adult volunteers and meta-analysis . NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL vol. 18 , ( 10 ) 927 - 935 .

KNOWLES CH, Cross F, Wilson A, West A, Konig T ( 2006 ) . Stabbing: data support public perception . BMJ vol. 333 ,

Hammond TM, Knowles CH, Porrett T, Lunniss PJ ( 2006 ) . The Snug Seton: short and medium term results of slow fistulotomy for idiopathic anal fistulae . COLORECTAL DIS vol. 8 , ( 4 ) 328 - 337 .

KNOWLES CH, Maroney NL ( 2006 ) . Innovation and teamwork: introducing multidisciplinary team ward rounds . Nursing Management vol. 13 , 28 - 31 .

LUNNISS PJ, Williams NS, Knowles CH, Scott SM, Dvorkin LS ( 2005 ) . Rectal intussusception: characterization of symptomatology . Dis Colon Rectum vol. 48 , 824 - 831 .

Knowles CH, Silk DBA, Darzi A, Veress B, Feakins R, Raimundo AH, Crompton T, Browning EC et al. ( 2004 ) . Deranged smooth muscle alpha-actin as a biomarker of intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a controlled multinational case series . Gut vol. 53 , ( 11 ) 1583 - 1589 .

Knowles CH, Silk DBA, Darzi A, Feakins R, Raimundo AH, Veress B, Crompton T, Lindberg G et al. ( 2004 ) . Deranged smooth muscle alpha-actin: A bio-marker of intestinal pseudo-obstruction. A controlled multinational case series and ontological study . GUT vol. 53 , A29 - A30 .

Dvorkin LEES, Chan CHRISTOPHERL, Knowles CHARLESH, Williams NORMANS, Lunniss PETERJ, Scott MS ( 2004 ) . Anal sphincter morphology in patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse . Diseases of the Colon and Rectum vol. 47 , ( 2 ) 198 - 203 .

Lunniss PJ, WILLIAMS NS, Knowles CH, Scott SM, Dvorkin LS, Chan CLH ( 2004 ) . Anal sphincter morphology in patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse . Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. vol. 47 , ( 2 ) 198 - 203 .

GLADMAN MA, Knowles CH, Payne JG ( 2004 ) . Intraoperative culture in appendicitis: historical practice challenged . Ann Royal Coll Surg Eng vol. 86 , 196 - 201 .

Knowles CH, Scott SM, Rayner C, Glia A, Lindberg G, Kamm MA, Lunniss PJ ( 2003 ) . Idiopathic slow-transit constipation: an almost exclusively female disorder . Diseases of the Colon and Rectum vol. 46 , ( 12 ) 1716 - 1717 .

Knowles CH, Scott SM, Rayner C, Glia A, Lindberg G, Kamm MA, Lunniss PJ ( 2003 ) . Idiopathic Slow-Transit Constipation: An Almost Exclusively Female Disorder . Diseases of the Colon & Rectum vol. 46 , ( 12 ) 1716 - 1717 .

Haq AI, Gladman MA, Knowles CH, Payne JG ( 2003 ) . Evaluation of intraoperative bacterial cultures in 721 patients with acute appendicitis . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 90 , 34 - 34 .

Scott SM, Picon L, Knowles CH, Fourquet F, Yazaki E, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ, Wingate DL ( 2003 ) . Automated quantitative analysis of nocturnal jejunal motor activity identifies abnormalities in individuals and subgroups of patients with slow transit constipation . Am J Gastroenterol vol. 98 , ( 5 ) 1123 - 1134 .

Chan CLH, Scott SM, Birch MJ, Knowles CH, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ ( 2003 ) . Rectal heat thresholds: a novel test of the sensory afferent pathway . Dis Colon Rectum vol. 46 , ( 5 ) 590 - 595 .

Knowles CH, Nickols CD, Feakins R, Martin JE ( 2003 ) . A systematic analysis of polyglucosan bodies in the human gastrointestinal tract in health and disease . Acta Neuropathol vol. 105 , ( 4 ) 410 - 413 .

Gladman MA, Scott SM, Khela M, Newell M, Miller M, Knowles CH, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ ( 2003 ) . Impaired rectal sensation appears to influence the pattern of abnormal transit in patients with slow-transit constipation (STC) . Gastroenterology vol. 124 , ( 4 )

Lunniss PJ, KNOWLES CH, Porrett T ( 2003 ) . Creation of a treatment protocol for nurse-led management of anal fissure . Colorectal Dis vol. 5 , ( 1 ) 63 - 72 .

Lunniss PJ, KNOWLES CH, Scott SM, Kamm MA, Lindberg G, Glia A, Rayner C ( 2003 ) . Idiopathic slow-transit constipation: an almost exclusively female disorder . Dis Colon Rectum vol. 46 , ( 2 ) 1716 - 1717 .

Chen B, Knowles CH, Scott M, Anand P, Williams NS, Milbrandt J, Tam PKH ( 2002 ) . Idiopathic slow transit constipation and megacolon are not associated with neurturin mutations . NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL vol. 14 , ( 5 ) 513 - 517 .

Lunniss PJ, KNOWLES CH, Scott SM, Allison ME, Legg PE ( 2002 ) . Level of classification performance of KESS (symptom scoring system for constipation) validated in a prospective series of 105 patients . Dis Colon Rectum vol. 45 , ( 6 ) 842 - 843 .

Mukherjee D, Khela MK, Castillo FD, Scott SM, Knowles CH, Yazaki E, Evans DF, Kadirkamanathan SS ( 2002 ) . Estimation of bolus transport and clearance in an oesophageal model using multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII): Validation study with gamma scintigraphy (GS) . GASTROENTEROLOGY vol. 122 , ( 4 ) A357 - A358 .

MARTIN JE, Knowles CH, Clover L, Lang B ( 2002 ) . A role for autoantibodies in some cases of acquired non-paraneoplastic gut dysmotility . Scand J Gastroenterol vol. 37 , 166 - 170 .

Knowles CH, Lang B, Clover L, Scott SM, Gotti C, Vincent A, Martin JE ( 2002 ) . A role for autoantibodies in some cases of acquired non-paraneoplastic gut dysmotility . Scand J Gastroenterol vol. 37 , ( 2 ) 166 - 170 .

Knowles CH, Scott SM, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ ( 2001 ) . Clinical and physiological heterogeneity in slow transit constipation: a review of 122 patients . Colorectal Dis vol. 4 , ( 2 ) Article 212-9 , 212 - 219 .

Facer P, Knowles CH, Tam PKH, Ford AP, Dyer N, Baecker PA, Anand P ( 2001 ) . Novel capsaicin (VR1) and purinergic (P2X(3)) receptors in Hirschsprung's intestine . JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY . vol. 36 , 1679 - 1684 .

Williams NS, KNOWLES CH, Anand P, Birch R, Smith JA, Yiangou Y, Facer P, Sangameswaran L et al. ( 2001 ) . Increased acid-sensing ion channel ASIC-3 in inflamed human intestine . Eur J Gastroent and Hepatology vol. 13 , ( 8 ) 891 - 896 .

KNOWLES CH, Sampietre SN, de Souza LJ, Machado MC, Monteiro Cunha JE, Leite KR, Assis RS, Jancar S ( 2001 ) . Effect of platelet-activating factor antagonists (BN-52021, WEB-2170, and BB-882) on bacterial translocation in acute pancreatitis . J Gastrointest Surg vol. 5 , ( 4 ) 364 - 370 .

Chan CLH, Yiangou Y, Facer P, Dyer NHC, Knowles CH, Williams NS, Anand P ( 2001 ) . Increased capsaicin receptor VR1-immunoreactivity in acute inflammatory bowel disease . BRIT J SURG vol. 88 , 10 - 10 .

Knowles CH, Lang B, Clover L, Scott M, Gotti C, Vincent A, Martin JE ( 2001 ) . A role for autoantibodies in some cases of acquired non-paraneoplastic gut dysmotility . GASTROENTEROLOGY vol. 120 , ( 5 ) A750 - A750 .

Facer P, Knowles CH, Thomas PK, Tam PKH, Williams NS, Anand P ( 2001 ) . Decreased tyrosine kinase C expression may reflect developmental abnormalities in Hirschsprung's disease and idiopathic slow-transit constipation . BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY . vol. 88 , 545 - 552 .

Williams NS, KNOWLES CH, Chan CL, Yiangou Y, Facer P, Anand P, Dyer NH ( 2001 ) . Vanilloid receptor 1 immunoreactivity in inflamed human bowel . Lancet vol. 357 , ( 9265 ) 1338 - 1339 .

CLH C, Scott SM, Knowles CH, Lunniss PJ ( 2001 ) . Exaggerated rectal adaptation - another cause of outlet obstruction . Colorectal Disease vol. 3 , ( 2 ) 141 - 141 .

Scott SM, Knowles CH, Newell M, Garvie N, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ ( 2001 ) . Scintigraphic assessment of colonic transit in women with slow-transit constipation arising de novo and following pelvic surgery or childbirth . Br J Surg vol. 88 , ( 3 ) 405 - 411 .

Knowles CH, Nickols CD, Scott SM, Bennett NI, de Oliveira RB, Chimelli L, Feakins R, Williams NS et al. ( 2001 ) . Smooth muscle inclusion bodies in slow transit constipation . J PATHOL vol. 193 , ( 3 ) 390 - 397 .

Cheng W, Au DK, Knowles CH, Anand P, Tam PK ( 2001 ) . Hirschsprung's disease: a more generalised neuropathy? . J Pediatr Surg vol. 36 , ( 2 ) 296 - 300 .

Knowles CH, Scott SM, Lunniss PJ ( 2001 ) . Slow transit constipation: a disorder of pelvic autonomic nerves? . Dig Dis Sci vol. 46 , ( 2 ) 389 - 401 .

Williams NS, KNOWLES CH, Chan CL, Anand P, Facer P, Baecker PA, Ford AP, Yiangou Y ( 2001 ) . ATP-gated ion channel P2X(3) is increased in human inflammatory bowel disease . Neurogastroenterol Motil vol. 13 , ( 4 ) 365 - 369 .

Knowles CH, Scott M, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ ( 2001 ) . Clinical and physiological heterogeneity in slow transit constipation: A review of 122 patients . Coloproctology vol. 23 , ( 2 ) 108 - 110 .

Lunniss PJ, Williams NS, KNOWLES CH, Scott SM, Garvie N, Newell M ( 2001 ) . Scintigraphic assessment of colonic transit in women with slow-transit constipation arising de novo and following pelvic surgery or childbirth . Br J Surg vol. 88 , ( 3 ) 405 - 411 .

Lunniss PJ, KNOWLES CH, Scott SM ( 2001 ) . Slow transit constipation: a disorder of pelvic autonomic nerves? . Digestive Diseases and Sciences. vol. 46 , ( 2 ) 389 - 401 .

Knowles CH, Eccersley AJ, Scott SM, Walker SM, Reeves B, Lunniss PJ ( 2000 ) . Linear discriminant analysis of symptoms in patients with chronic constipation: validation of a new scoring system (KESS) . Diseases of the Colon and Rectum vol. 43 , ( 10 ) 1419 - 1426 .

Knowles CH, Gayther SA, Scott M, Ramus S, Anand P, Williams NS, Ponder BA ( 2000 ) . Idiopathic slow-transit constipation is not associated with mutations of the RET proto-oncogene or GDNF . Diseases of the Colon and Rectum vol. 6 , ( 43 ) 851 - 857 .

Knowles CH, Martin JE ( 2000 ) . Slow transit constipation: A model of human gut dysmotility. Review of possible aetiologies . Neurogastroenterology and Motility vol. 12 , ( 2 ) 181 - 196 .

Scott SM, Knowles CH, Yazaki E, Lunniss PJ, Wingate DL ( 2000 ) . Pan-intestinal dysmotility acquired following pelvic surgery or childbirth . Gastroenterology vol. 118 , ( 4 )

Scott SM, Knowles CH, Williams NS, Lunniss PJ ( 2000 ) . Simple radio-opaque marker studies versus scintigraphy in slow colonic transit — a comparison . Gastroenterology vol. 118 , ( 4 )

KNOWLES CH, Scott M, LUNNISS PJ ( 1999 ) . Outcome of colectomy for slow transit constipation . Annals of Surgery vol. 5 , ( 230 ) 627 - 638 .

Knowles CH, Scott M, Lunniss PJ ( 1999 ) . Outcome of colectomy for slow transit constipation . Annals of Surgery vol. 230 , ( 5 ) 627 - 638 .

Wellmer A, Sharief MK, Knowles CH, Misra VP, Kopelman P, Ralph D, Anand P ( 1999 ) . Quantitative sensory and autonomic testing in male diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction . BJU International vol. 83 , ( 1 ) 66 - 70 .

Knowles CH, Scott SM, Wellmer A, Misra VP, Pilot MA, Williams NS, Anand P ( 1999 ) . Sensory and autonomic neuropathy in patients with idiopathic slow-transit constipation . British Journal of Surgery vol. 86 , ( 1 ) 54 - 60 .

Knowles C, Scott S, Lunniss P, Newell M, Garvie N, Williams N ( 1998 ) . Colonic scintigraphy highlights differences in subgroups of patients with slow-transit constipation . Gastroenterology . vol. 114 ,

Knowles C, Scott S, Wellmer A, Misra V, Pilot M-A, Rogers J, Williams N, Anand P ( 1998 ) . Idiopathic slow-transit constipation: A sensory and autonomic neuropathy linked to Hirschsprung's disease . Gastroenterology . vol. 114 ,

Raethjen J, Pilot MA, Knowles C, Warner G, Anand P, Williams N ( 1997 ) . Selective autonomic and sensory deficits in slow transit constipation . Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System vol. 66 , ( 1-2 ) 46 - 52 .

Wright KD, Knowles CH, Coats TJ, Sutcliffe JC ( 1996 ) . 'Efficient' timely evacuation of intracranial haematoma - The effect of transport direct to a specialist centre . Injury vol. 27 , ( 10 ) 719 - 721 .