Publications: Prof Leo Dunkel

Rahman T, Freer J, Cordani I, Papasavva M, Dunkel L, Walton R, Storr HL, Prendergast AJ et al. ( 2024 ) . Parental and healthcare provider attitudes towards the Healthy Child Programme in England: a qualitative analysis . BMC Public Health vol. 24 , ( 1 )

Lippincott MF, Schafer EC, Hindman AA, He W, Brauner R, Delaney A, Grinspon R, Hall JE et al. ( 2024 ) . Contributions of Common Genetic Variants to Constitutional Delay of Puberty and Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Lettieri A, Oleari R, van den Munkhof MH, van Battum EY, Verhagen MG, Tacconi C, Spreafico M, Paganoni AJJ et al. ( 2023 ) . SEMA6A drives GnRH neuron-dependent puberty onset by tuning median eminence vascular permeability . Nature Communications vol. 14 , ( 1 )

Orr J, Thaventhiran T, Freer J, Walton R, Morris JK, Dunkel L, Prendergast AJ, Storr HL ( 2023 ) . Testing a screening algorithm for the identification of growth-disorders for use in UK children . Endocrine Abstracts

Ishida H, Saba R, Kokkinopoulos I, Hashimoto M, Yamaguchi O, Nowotschin S, Shiraishi M, Ruchaya P et al. ( 2023 ) . GFRA2 Identifies Cardiac Progenitors and Mediates Cardiomyocyte Differentiation in a RET-Independent Signaling Pathway . Cell Reports vol. 42 , ( 11 )

Thaventhiran T, Orr J, Morris JK, Hsu A, Martin L, Davies KM, Harding V, Chapple P et al. ( 2023 ) . A Digital Health Solution for Child Growth Monitoring at Home: Testing the Accuracy of a Novel “GrowthMonitor” Smartphone Application to Detect Abnormal Height and Body Mass Indices . Mayo Clinic Proceedings Digital Health vol. 1 , ( 4 ) 498 - 509 .

Aung Y, Kokotsis V, Yin KN, Banerjee K, Butler G, Dattani MT, Dimitri P, Dunkel L et al. ( 2023 ) . Key features of puberty onset and progression can help distinguish self-limited delayed puberty from congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism . Frontiers in Endocrinology vol. 14 ,

Freer J, Orr J, Walton R, Storr HL, Dunkel L, Prendergast AJ ( 2023 ) . Does stunting still matter in high-income countries? . Annals of Human Biology vol. 50 , ( 1 ) 267 - 273 .

Duckett K, Williamson A, Kincaid JWR, Rainbow K, Corbin LJ, Martin HC, Eberhardt RY, Huang QQ et al. ( 2023 ) . Prevalence of Deleterious Variants in MC3R in Patients With Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 108 , ( 12 ) e1580 - e1587 .

Mistry JN, Silvennoinen S, Zaman F, Sävendahl L, Mariniello K, Hall C, Howard SR, Dunkel L et al. ( 2023 ) . The crosstalk between FGF21 and GH leads to weakened GH receptor signaling and IGF1 expression and is associated with growth failure in very preterm infants . Frontiers in Endocrinology vol. 14 ,

Argente J, Dunkel L, Kaiser UB, Latronico AC, Lomniczi A, Soriano-Guillén L, Tena-Sempere M ( 2023 ) . Molecular basis of normal and pathological puberty: from basic mechanisms to clinical implications . The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology vol. 11 , ( 3 ) 203 - 216 .

Freer J, Orr J, Morris JK, Walton R, Dunkel L, Storr HL, Prendergast AJ ( 2022 ) . Short stature and language development in the United Kingdom: a longitudinal analysis of children from the Millennium Cohort Study . BMC Medicine vol. 20 , ( 1 )

Thaventhiran T, Orr J, Morris J, Hsu A, Martin L, Davies K, Harding V, Dunkel L et al. ( 2022 ) . Development and testing of a novel 'Growth monitor' Smartphone App for growth monitoring and the detection of growth disorders . Endocrine Abstracts

Dunkel L, Prasad R, Martin L, Senniappan S, Butler G, Howard S ( 2022 ) . UK protocol for induction of puberty with gonadotropins in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism . Endocrine Abstracts

Silventoinen K, Jelenkovic A, Palviainen T, Dunkel L, Kaprio J ( 2022 ) . The Association Between Puberty Timing and Body Mass Index in a Longitudinal Setting: The Contribution of Genetic Factors . Behavior Genetics vol. 52 , ( 3 ) 186 - 194 .

Saengkaew T, Ruiz-Babot G, David A, Mancini A, Mariniello K, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Dunkel L et al. ( 2021 ) . Whole exome sequencing identifies deleterious rare variants in CCDC141 in familial self-limited delayed puberty . npj Genomic Medicine vol. 6 , ( 1 )

Howard S, Saengkaew T, Dunkel L, Guasti L ( 2021 ) . Dominant mutations in CCDC141 are found by ehole rxome dequencing to be a common cause of self-limited delayed puberty . Endocrine Abstracts

Saengkaew T, Patel HR, Banerjee K, Butler G, Dattani MT, McGuigan M, Storr HL, Willemsen RH et al. ( 2021 ) . Genetic evaluation supports differential diagnosis in adolescent patients with delayed puberty . European Journal of Endocrinology vol. 185 , ( 5 ) 617 - 627 .

Orr J, Freer J, Morris JK, Hancock C, Walton R, Dunkel L, Storr HL, Prendergast AJ ( 2021 ) . 1099 An analysis of stunting in England using national data from the national child measurement programme . Archives of Disease in Childhood . Conference: Abstracts vol. 106 , a227 - a227 .

Thaventhiran T, Harding V, Hsu A, Dunkel L, Chapple P, Storr H ( 2021 ) . Development and testing of a novel 'GrowthMonitor' Smartphone App for growth monitoring and the detection of growth disorders . Endocrine Abstracts

Orr J, Freer J, Morris JK, Hancock C, Walton R, Dunkel L, Storr HL, Prendergast AJ ( 2021 ) . Regional differences in short stature in England between 2006 and 2019: A cross-sectional analysis from the National Child Measurement Programme . PLOS Medicine vol. 18 , ( 9 )

Dunkel L, Fernandez-Luque L, Loche S, Savage MO ( 2021 ) . Digital technologies to improve the precision of paediatric growth disorder diagnosis and management . Growth Hormone & IGF Research vol. 59 ,

Saengkaew T, Mancini A, Ruiz-Babot G, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Dunkel L, Guasti L, Howard S ( 2021 ) . Defects in the GnRH Neuronal Migration factor, CCDC141, Lead to Self-Limited Delayed Puberty . Journal of the Endocrine Society vol. 5 , ( Supplement_1 ) a665 - a666 .

Saengkaew T, Dunkel L, Howard SR ( 2021 ) . Role of Genetic Analysis for the Differential Diagnosis of Delayed Puberty from the UK Puberty Cohort . Journal of the Endocrine Society vol. 5 , ( Supplement_1 ) a669 - a669 .

Rantakallio JSS, Nevalainen JE, West SI, Ollila M-M, Puukka K, Bloigu AH, Järvelin M-R, Tapanainen JS et al. ( 2021 ) . Association of Self-Reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Obesity, and Weight Gain From Adolescence to Adulthood With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy . Hypertension vol. 77 , ( 3 ) 1010 - 1019 .

Persani L, Bonomi M, Cools M, Dattani M, Dunkel L, Gravholt CH, Juul A ( 2021 ) . ENDO-ERN expert opinion on the differential diagnosis of pubertal delay . Endocrine vol. 71 , ( 3 ) 681 - 688 .

Palmert MR, Chan Y-M, Dunkel L ( 2021 ) . 18 Puberty and Its Disorders in the Male . Sperling Pediatric Endocrinology , Elsevier

Cottrell E, Cabrera CP, Ishida M, Chatterjee S, Greening J, Wright N, Bossowski A, Dunkel L et al. ( 2020 ) . Rare CNVs provide novel insights into the molecular basis of GH and IGF-1 insensitivity . European Journal of Endocrinology vol. 183 , ( 6 ) 581 - 595 .

Saari A, Pokka J, Mäkitie O, Saha M-T, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2020 ) . Early Detection of Abnormal Growth Associated with Juvenile Acquired Hypothyroidism . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 106 , ( 2 ) e739 - e748 .

Patel H, Howard, Saengkaew T, Dunkel L ( 2020 ) . G426(P) Delayed or absent? Use of next generation sequencing diagnostic tools in a UK puberty cohort . Archives of Disease in Childhood . Conference: BSPED vol. 105 , a154 - a154 .

Karvonen M, Saari A, Lamidi M, Selander T, Löppönen T, Lönnqvist T, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2020 ) . Screening of hydrocephalus in infants using either WHO or population‐based head circumference reference charts . Acta Paediatrica vol. 110 , ( 3 ) 881 - 888 .

Mancini A, Howard SR, Marelli F, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Sternberg MJE, Leprovots M, Hadjidemetriou I et al. ( 2020 ) . LGR4 deficiency results in delayed puberty through impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling . JCI Insight vol. 5 , ( 11 )

Palmert MR, Chan YM, Dunkel L ( 2020 ) . Puberty and Its Disorders in the Male . Sperling Pediatric Endocrinology: Expert Consult - Online and Print ,

Mancini A, Howard SR, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, David A, Wehkalampi K, Vassert G, Cariboni A et al. ( 2019 ) . Defects in LGR4 Wnt-[beta]-catenin signalling impair GnRH network development, leading to delayed puberty . Endocrine Abstracts

Howard S, de Roux N, Leger J, Carel J-C, Dunkel L ( 2019 ) . Puberty and its disorders . Brook's Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology , Editors: Dattani, M, Brook, C , John Wiley & Sons

Kuiri-Hänninen T, Koskenniemi J, Dunkel L, Toppari J, Sankilampi U ( 2019 ) . Postnatal Testicular Activity in Healthy Boys and Boys With Cryptorchidism . Frontiers in Endocrinology vol. 10 ,

Howard S, Cabrera C, Barnes M, Dunkel L ( 2019 ) . MON-LB048 Delayed or Absent? Use of Next Generation Sequencing Diagnostic Tools in a UK Puberty Cohort . Journal of the Endocrine Society vol. 3 , ( Supplement_1 ) mon - lb048 .

Howard SR, Dunkel L ( 2019 ) . Delayed Puberty – Phenotypic Diversity, Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Recent Discoveries . Endocrine Reviews

Varimo T, Toiviainen-Salo S, Raivio T, Kerttula L, Dunkel L, Hero M ( 2019 ) . Letrozole Monotherapy in Pre- and Early-Pubertal Boys Does Not Increase Adult Height . Frontiers in Endocrinology vol. 10 ,

Howard S, Dunkel L ( 2019 ) . Genetics of Delayed Puberty . Pituitary Disorders of Childhood , Springer Nature

Mancini A, Howard SR, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, David A, Wehkalampi K, Heger S, Lomniczi A et al. ( 2019 ) . EAP1 regulation of GnRH promoter activity is important for human pubertal timing . Human Molecular Genetics vol. 28 , ( 8 ) 1357 - 1368 .

Saengkaew T, Mancini A, Ruiz-Babot G, Cabrera C, Barnes M, Dunkel L, Guasti L, Howard S ( 2019 ) . Defects in the GnRH Neuroendocrine Network Affect the Timing of Puberty . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS . vol. 91 , 67 - 67 .

Mancini A, Howard SR, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, David A, Wehkalampi K, Vassart G, Cariboni A et al. ( 2019 ) . LGR 4-Wnt β-catenin signalling directs GnRH network development, with defects leading to self-limited delayed puberty . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS . vol. 91 , 46 - 46 .

Howard SR, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Dunkel L ( 2018 ) . Delayed or Absent? - use of next generation sequencing diagnostic tools in a UK puberty cohort . Endocrine Abstracts

Howard SR, Oleari R, Poliandri A, Chantzara V, Fantin A, Ruiz-Babot G, Metherell LA, Cabrera CP et al. ( 2018 ) . HS6ST1 Insufficiency Causes Self-Limited Delayed Puberty in Contrast With Other GnRH Deficiency Genes . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 103 , ( 9 ) 3420 - 3429 .

Howard S, Dunkel L ( 2018 ) . ‘Management of Hypogonadism From Birth to Adolescence’ for Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism . Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Kuiri‐Hänninen T, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2018 ) . Sexual dimorphism in postnatal gonadotrophin levels in infancy reflects diverse maturation of the ovarian and testicular hormone synthesis . Clinical Endocrinology vol. 89 , ( 1 ) 85 - 92 .

DUNKEL L, Saari A, Virta LJ, Sankilampi U ( 2018 ) . Inhaled corticosteroids in infants and toddlers attenuate linear growth . Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Cassatella D, Howard SR, Acierno JS, Xu C, Papadakis GE, Santoni FA, Dwyer AA, Santini S et al. ( 2018 ) . Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and constitutional delay of growth and puberty have distinct genetic architectures . European Journal of Endocrinology vol. 178 , ( 4 ) 377 - 388 .

Mancini A, Howard SR, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Heger S, Guasti L, Ojeda S, Dunkel L ( 2018 ) . <i>EAP1</i> Mutations Cause an Impaired Transcriptional Activity on GnRH Promoter That Leads to Self-Limited Delayed Puberty . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS . vol. 90 , 20 - 20 .

Howard S, Dunkel L ( 2018 ) . Delayed Puberty and Hypogonadism, Female . Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases , Elsevier

Howard S, Dunkel L ( 2018 ) . Delayed puberty and hypogonadism; female . Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases ,

Gelander L, Niklasson A, Holmgren A, Saari A, Dunkel L, Albertsson-Wikland K ( 2018 ) . Evaluating Cut-offs for Automatic Growth Screening in Swedish Children - Using The Finnish Growth Monitoring Algorithm . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS . vol. 90 , 423 - 423 .

Howard S, Oleari R, Mancini A, Poliandri A, Saengkaew T, Guasti L, Cariboni A, Dunkel L ( 2018 ) . Role of GnRH Neuronal Migration and Development in Self-Limited Delayed Puberty . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS . vol. 90 , 68 - 68 .

Howard SR, Guasti L, Poliandri A, David A, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Wehkalampi K, O’Rahilly S et al. ( 2017 ) . Contributions of Function-Altering Variants in Genes Implicated in Pubertal Timing and Body Mass for Self-Limited Delayed Puberty . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 103 , ( 2 ) 649 - 659 .

Miller DC, Harmer SC, Poliandri A, Nobles M, Edwards EC, Ware JS, Sharp TV, McKay TR et al. ( 2017 ) . Ajmaline blocks I Na and I Kr without eliciting differences between Brugada syndrome patient and control human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac clusters . Stem Cell Research vol. 25 , 233 - 244 .

Howard S, Andre V, Guasti L, Cabrera C, Barnes M, Cariboni A, Dunkel L ( 2017 ) . Patients with self-limited delayed puberty harbour mutations in multiple genes controlling GnRH neuronal development . Endocrine Abstracts

Dunkel L, Howard S ( 2017 ) . The Genetic Basis of Delayed Puberty . Neuroendocrinology vol. 106 , ( 3 ) 283 - 291 .

Katugampola H, King PJ, Chatterjee S, Meso M, Duncan AJ, Achermann JC, Guasti L, Ghataore L et al. ( 2017 ) . Kisspeptin is a novel regulator of human fetal adrenocortical development and function – a finding with important implications for the human feto-placental unit . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Howard S, Dunkel L ( 2017 ) . Normal and Delayed Puberty . Male Hypogonadism , Springer Nature

Poliandri A, Miller D, Howard S, Nobles M, Ruiz-Babot G, Harmer S, Tinker A, McKay T et al. ( 2017 ) . Generation of kisspeptin-responsive GnRH neurons from human pluripotent stem cells . Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology vol. 447 , 12 - 22 .

Quinton R, Mamoojee Y, Jayasena CN, Young J, Howard S, Dunkel L, Cheetham T, Smith N et al. ( 2017 ) . Society for Endocrinology UK guidance on the evaluation of suspected disorders of sexual development: emphasizing the opportunity to predict adolescent pubertal failure through a neonatal diagnosis of absent minipuberty . Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) vol. 86 , ( 2 ) 305 - 306 .

Huhtaniemi IT, Howard S, Dunkel L, Anderson RA ( 2017 ) . 4.01 The Gonadal Axis: A Life Perspective . Hormones, Brain and Behavior , Elsevier

Howard SR, Andre V, Guasti L, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Cariboni A, Dunkel L ( 2017 ) . DISCOVERY OF MUTATIONS IN MULTIPLE GENES CONTROLLING GNRH NEURONAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SELF-LIMITED DELAYED PUBERTY . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS . vol. 88 , 59 - 59 .

Mistry JN, Ruiz-Babot G, Zaman F, Savendahl L, Guasti L, Dunkel L ( 2017 ) . MECHANISMS OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 21 (FGF21) MEDIATED GROWTH HORMONE RESISTANCE IN HUMAN GROWTH PLATE IN CHRONIC CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS . vol. 88 , 4 - 4 .

Huhtaniemi I, Howard S, Dunkel L, Anderson R ( 2016 ) . The Gonadal Axis: A life perspective . Hormones, Brain and Behavior , Editors: Pfaff, DW, Joels, M , Academic Press

Mancini A, Howard SR, Ruiz-Babot G, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Guasti L, Dunkel L . LGR4 and EAP1 mutations are implicated in the phenotype of self-limited delayed puberty . Endocrine Abstracts .

Narendra MJ, Ruiz-Babot G, Guasti L, Dunkel L . The mechanistic role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in growth hormone resistance secondary to chronic childhood conditions . Endocrine Abstracts .

Ishida H, Saba R, Kokkinopoulos I, Hashimoto M, Yamaguchi O, Nowotschin S, Shiraishi M, Ruchaya P et al. ( 2016 ) . GFRA2 Identifies Cardiac Progenitors and Mediates Cardiomyocyte Differentiation in a RET-Independent Signaling Pathway . Cell Rep vol. 16 , ( 4 ) 1026 - 1038 .

Kiviranta P, Kuiri-Ha nninen T, Saari A, Lamidi M-L, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2016 ) . Transient Postnatal Gonadal Activation and Growth Velocity in Infancy . Pediatrics vol. 138 , ( 1 ) e20153561 - e20153561 .

Varimo T, Dunkel L, Vaaralahti K, Miettinen PJ, Hero M, Raivio T ( 2016 ) . Circulating makorin ring finger protein 3 levels decline in boys before the clinical onset of puberty . European Journal of Endocrinology vol. 174 , ( 6 ) 785 - 790 .

HOWARD SR, Guasti L, Ruiz-Babot G, Mancini A, David A, Storr H, Metherell LA, Sternberg MJE et al. ( 2016 ) . IGSF10 mutations dysregulate gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neuronal migration resulting in delayed puberty . EMBO Molecular Medicine vol. 8 , ( 6 ) 626 - 42 .

Savage MO, Backeljauw PF, Calzada R, Cianfarani S, Dunkel L, Koledova E, Wit JM, Yoo HW ( 2016 ) . Early Detection, Referral, Investigation, and Diagnosis of Children with Growth Disorders . Hormone research in paediatrics

Demir A, Voutilainen R, Stenman U-H, Dunkel L, Albertsson-Wikland K, Norjavaara E ( 2016 ) . First Morning Voided Urinary Gonadotropin Measurements as an Alternative to the GnRH Test . Hormone Research in Paediatrics vol. 85 , ( 5 ) 301 - 308 .

Howard S, Guasti L, Ruiz-Babot G, Mancini A, David A, Storr H, Metherell L, Sternberg M et al. ( 2016 ) . Role of IGSF10 mutations in self-limited delayed puberty . The Lancet . vol. 387 ,

Scherdel P, Dunkel L, van Dommelen P, Goulet O, Salaün J-F, Brauner R, Heude B, Chalumeau M ( 2016 ) . Growth monitoring as an early detection tool: a systematic review . The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology vol. 4 , ( 5 ) 447 - 456 .

Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Dunkel L, Lue YH, Wang C, Hikim SAP, Swerdloff RS ( 2016 ) . 422 N-ACETYL-l-CYSTEINE RESTORES GLUTATHIONE-TO-GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE RATIO AND PREVENTS HUMAN MALE GERM CELL APOPTOSIS . Journal of Investigative Medicine vol. 54 , ( 1 )

Howard S, Dunkel L ( 2015 ) . Sex Steroid and Gonadotropin Treatment in Male Delayed Puberty . Karger Publishers

Howard S, Poliandre A, Storr HL, Metherell LA, Cabrera C, Warren H, Barnes M, Wehkalampi K et al. ( 2015 ) . Mutations in HS6ST1 cause self-limited delayed puberty (DP) in addition to idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) . Endocrine Abstracts

Howard S, Guasti L, Ruiz-Babot G, Mancini A, David A, Storr H, Metherell L, Cabrera C et al. ( 2015 ) . Mutations in IGSF10 cause self-limited delayed puberty . Endocrine Abstracts

Howard S, Poliandri A, Storr H, Metherell L, Cabrera C, Barnes M, Warren H, Wehkalampi K et al. ( 2015 ) . Mutations in HS6ST1 are causal in self-limited delayed puberty as well as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism . Endocrine Abstracts

Howard S, Guasti L, Ruiz-Babot G, Mancini A, David A, Storr H, Metherell L, Sternberg M et al. ( 2015 ) . Mutations in IGSF10 cause self-limited delayed puberty, via disturbance of GnRH neuronal migration . Endocrine Abstracts

Stalman SE, Hellinga I, van Dommelen P, Hennekam RCM, Saari A, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L, Wit JM et al. ( 2015 ) . Application of the Dutch, Finnish and British Screening Guidelines in a Cohort of Children with Growth Failure . Hormone Research in Paediatrics vol. 84 , ( 6 ) 376 - 382 .

Asadi-Azarbaijani B, Sheikhi M, Nurmio M, Tinkanen H, Juvonen V, Dunkel L, Hovatta O, Oskam IC et al. ( 2015 ) . Minimal residual disease of leukemia and the quality of cryopreserved human ovarian tissue in vitro . Leukemia & Lymphoma vol. 57 , ( 3 ) 700 - 707 .

Raivio T, Dunkel L ( 2015 ) . Letter to the Editor: Comment On The Treatment Of Adolescent Boys With Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism By Gong C., et al . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 100 , ( 9 ) l73 - l74 .

Boehm U, Bouloux P-M, Dattani MT, de Roux N, Dodé C, Dunkel L, Dwyer AA, Giacobini P et al. ( 2015 ) . European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism—pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment . Nature Reviews Endocrinology vol. 11 , ( 9 ) 547 - 564 .

Cousminer DL, Leinonen JT, Sarin A-P, Chheda H, Surakka I, Wehkalampi K, Ellonen P, Ripatti S et al. ( 2015 ) . Targeted Resequencing of the Pericentromere of Chromosome 2 Linked to Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty . PLOS ONE vol. 10 , ( 6 )

Joustra SD, Wehkalampi K, Oostdijk W, Biermasz NR, Howard S, Silander TL, Bernard DJ, Wit JM et al. ( 2015 ) . IGSF1 variants in boys with familial delayed puberty . European Journal of Pediatrics vol. 174 , ( 5 ) 687 - 692 .

Saari A, Virta LJ, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L, Saxen H ( 2015 ) . Antibiotic Exposure in Infancy and Risk of Being Overweight in the First 24 Months of Life . Pediatrics vol. 135 , ( 4 ) 617 - 626 .

Saari A, Harju S, Mäkitie O, Saha M-T, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2015 ) . Systematic Growth Monitoring for the Early Detection of Celiac Disease in Children . JAMA Pediatrics vol. 169 , ( 3 ) e1525 - e1525 .

Storr HL, Dunkel L, Kowalczyk J, Savage MO, Metherell LA ( 2015 ) . Genetic characterisation of a cohort of children clinically labelled as GH or IGF1 insensitive: diagnostic value of serum IGF1 and height at presentation . Eur J Endocrinol vol. 172 , ( 2 ) 151 - 161 .

Guasti L, Silvennoinen S, Bulstrode NW, Ferretti P, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L ( 2014 ) . Elevated FGF21 leads to attenuated postnatal linear growth in preterm infants through GH resistance in chondrocytes . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 99 , ( 11 ) E2198 - E2206 .

Joustra SD, Joustra SD, Wehkalampi K, Oostdijk W, Biermasz NR, Howard S, Silander TL, Bernard DJ et al. ( 2014 ) . IGSF1 variants in boys with familial delayed puberty . European Journal of Pediatrics

Katugampola H, Halder W, Ganatra R, Dunkel L, Storr H, Guasti L, King P ( 2014 ) . Expression of Sonic hedgehog signalling components in the developing human adrenal cortex . Endocrine Abstracts

Frederiksen H, Kuiri-Hänninen T, Main KM, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2014 ) . A longitudinal study of urinary phthalate excretion in 58 full-term and 67 preterm infants from birth through 14 months . Environ Health Perspect vol. 122 , ( 9 ) 998 - 1005 .

Dunkel L, Quinton R ( 2014 ) . Transition in endocrinology: induction of puberty . Eur J Endocrinol vol. 170 , ( 6 ) R229 - R239 .

Howard S, Guasti L, Storr H, Metherell L, Cariboni A, Barnes M, Cabrera C, Wehkalampi K et al. ( 2014 ) . A novel gene affecting the timing of puberty . Endocrine Abstracts

Kuiri-Hänninen T, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L ( 2014 ) . Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in infancy: Minipuberty . Hormone Research in Paediatrics vol. 82 , ( 2 ) 73 - 80 .

Kuiri-Hänninen T, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L ( 2014 ) . Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in infancy: minipuberty . Horm Res Paediatr vol. 82 , ( 2 ) 73 - 80 .

Palmert MR, Dunkel L, Witchel SF ( 2014 ) . CHAPTER 17 Puberty and its disorders in the male . Pediatric Endocrinology , Elsevier

Palmert MR, Dunkel L, Witchel SF ( 2014 ) . Puberty and its disorders in the male .

Kuiri-Hänninen T, Haanpää M, Turpeinen U, Hämäläinen E, Seuri R, Tyrväinen E, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L ( 2013 ) . Postnatal ovarian activation has effects in estrogen target tissues in infant girls . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 98 , ( 12 ) 4709 - 4716 .

Howard S, Barnes M, Storr H, Wehkalampi K, Metherell L, Dunkel L ( 2013 ) . Familial constitutional delay in growth and puberty is a condition with significant genetic heterogeneity and limited overlap with the timing of puberty in the general population . Endocrine Abstracts1 - 1 .

Jahnukainen K, Tinkanen H, Wikstrom A, Dunkel L, Saarinen-Pihkala UM, Makinen S, Azarbaijani BA, Oskam IC et al. ( 2013 ) . Bone marrow remission status predicts leukemia contamination in ovarian biopsies collected for fertility preservation . LEUKEMIA vol. 27 , ( 5 ) 1183 - 1185 .

Karvonen M, Saari A, Hannila M-L, Lonnqvist T, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2013 ) . Elevated Head Circumference-to-Height Ratio Is an Early and Frequent Feature in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS vol. 79 , ( 2 ) 97 - 102 .

Saari A, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L ( 2013 ) . Multiethnic WHO Growth Charts May Not Be Optimal in the Screening of Disorders Affecting Height: Turner Syndrome as a Model . JAMA PEDIATRICS vol. 167 , ( 2 ) 194 - 195 .

Sankilampi U, Hannila M-L, Saari A, Gissler M, Dunkel L ( 2013 ) . New population-based references for birth weight, length, and head circumference in singletons and twins from 23 to 43 gestation weeks . ANNALS OF MEDICINE vol. 45 , ( 5-6 ) 446 - 454 .

Kuiri-Hänninen T, Haanpää M, Turpeinen U, Hämäläinen E, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2013 ) . Transient postnatal secretion of androgen hormones is associated with acne and sebaceous gland hypertrophy in early infancy . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 98 , ( 1 ) 199 - 206 .

Sankilampi U, Saari A, Laine T, Miettinen PJ, Dunkel L ( 2013 ) . Use of Electronic Health Records for Automated Screening of Growth Disorders in Primary Care . JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION vol. 310 , ( 10 ) 1071 - 1072 .

Silventoinen K, Kaprio J, Dunkel L, Yokoyama Y ( 2012 ) . Genetic and environmental influences on chest circumference during infancy: a longitudinal study of japanese twins . Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol vol. 26 , ( 6 ) 553 - 560 .

Saari A, Sankilampi U, Hannila M-L, Saha M-T, Mäkitie O, Dunkel L ( 2012 ) . Screening of turner syndrome with novel auxological criteria facilitates early diagnosis . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 97 , ( 11 ) E2125 - E2132 .

Kallio S, Aittomaki K, Piltonen T, Veijola R, Liakka A, Vaskivuo TE, Dunkel L, Tapanainen JS ( 2012 ) . Anti-Mullerian hormone as a predictor of follicular reserve in ovarian insufficiency: special emphasis on FSH-resistant ovaries . HUMAN REPRODUCTION vol. 27 , ( 3 ) 854 - 860 .

Hero M, Tommiska J, Vaaralahti K, Laitinen E-M, Sipila I, Puhakka L, Dunkel L, Raivio T ( 2012 ) . Circulating antimullerian hormone levels in boys decline during early puberty and correlate with inhibin B . FERTILITY AND STERILITY vol. 97 , ( 5 ) 1242 - 1247 .

Palmert MR, Dunkel L ( 2012 ) . Delayed Puberty . NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE vol. 366 , ( 5 ) 443 - 453 .

Turpeinen U, Hamalainen E, Haanpaa M, Dunkel L ( 2012 ) . Determination of salivary testosterone and androstendione by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry . CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA vol. 413 , ( 5-6 ) 594 - 599 .

Karvonen M, Hannila M-L, Saari A, Dunkel L ( 2012 ) . New Finnish reference for head circumference from birth to 7 years . ANNALS OF MEDICINE vol. 44 , ( 4 ) 369 - 374 .

Kuiri-Hanninen T, Kallio S, Seuri R, Tyrvainen E, Liakka A, Tapanainen J, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L ( 2012 ) . Postnatal Developmental Changes in the Pituitary-Ovarian Axis in Preterm and Term Infant Girls EDITORIAL COMMENT . OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY vol. 67 , ( 5 ) 284 - 285 .

Lamminmaki A, Hines M, Kuiri-Hanninen T, Kilpelainen L, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2012 ) . Testosterone measured in infancy predicts subsequent sex-typed behavior in boys and in girls . HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR vol. 61 , ( 4 ) 611 - 616 .

Kilpelainen L, Ivaska KK, Kuiri-Hanninen T, Vaananen HK, Rehfeld JF, Goetze JP, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L ( 2012 ) . Urinary osteocalcin and serum pro-C-type natriuretic peptide predict linear catch-up growth in infants . JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH vol. 27 , ( 7 ) 1528 - 1535 .

Kuiri-Hänninen T, Kallio S, Seuri R, Tyrväinen E, Liakka A, Tapanainen J, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L ( 2011 ) . Postnatal developmental changes in the pituitary-ovarian axis in preterm and term infant girls . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 96 , ( 11 ) 3432 - 3439 .

Dunkel L, Hero M ( 2011 ) . Aromatase Inhibitors and Growth Disorders . Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease , Springer Nature

Silventoinen K, Karvonen M, Sugimoto M, Kaprio J, Dunkel L, Yokoyama Y ( 2011 ) . Genetics of Head Circumference in Infancy: A Longitudinal Study of Japanese Twins . AM J HUM BIOL vol. 23 , ( 5 ) 630 - 634 .

Hero M, Dunkel L, Vaaralahti K, Raivio T ( 2011 ) . Serum FGF21 in boys with idiopathic short stature: relationship to lipid profile, onset of puberty and growth . Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) vol. 75 , ( 1 ) 141 - 142 .

Vaaralahti K, Wehkalampi K, Tommiska J, Laitinen EM, Dunkel L, Raivio T ( 2011 ) . The role of gene defects underlying isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with constitutional delay of growth and puberty . FERTIL STERIL vol. 95 , ( 8 ) 2756 - 2758 .

Bang P, Bjerknes R, Dahlgren J, Dunkel L, Gustafsson J, Juul A, Kriström B, Tapanainen P et al. ( 2011 ) . A comparison of different definitions of growth response in short prepubertal children treated with growth hormone . Hormone Research in Paediatrics vol. 75 , ( 5 ) 335 - 345 .

Saari A, Sankilampi U, Hannila M-L, Kiviniemi V, Kesseli K, Dunkel L ( 2011 ) . New Finnish growth references for children and adolescents aged 0 to 20 years: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-length/height, and body mass index-for-age . Ann Med vol. 43 , ( 3 ) 235 - 248 .

Wikström AM, Dunkel L ( 2011 ) . Klinefelter syndrome . Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 25 , ( 2 ) 239 - 250 .

Wehkalampi K, Hovi P, Dunkel L, Strang-Karlsson S, Jarvenpaa AL, Eriksson JG, Andersson S, Kajantie E ( 2011 ) . Advanced Pubertal Growth Spurt in Subjects Born Preterm: The Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults . J CLIN ENDOCR METAB vol. 96 , ( 2 ) 525 - 533 .

Wehkalampi K, Pääkilä K, Laine T, Dunkel L ( 2011 ) . Adult Height in Girls with Delayed Pubertal Growth . Horm Res Paediatr. vol. 76 , ( 2 ) 130 - 135 .

Dunkel L ( 2011 ) . Chairman's Summary: Molecular Background of ISS . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS vol. 76 , 9 - 9 .

Kallio S, Kuiri-Hanninen T, Tyrvainen E, Seuri R, Liakka A, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L, Tapanainen JS ( 2011 ) . Evidence for fetal maturation and postnatal activation of ovarian follicle development in human . HUMAN REPRODUCTION . vol. 26 , I4 - I4 .

Kuiri-Hänninen T, Seuri R, Tyrväinen E, Turpeinen U, Hämäläinen E, Stenman U-H, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U ( 2011 ) . Increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in infancy results in increased androgen action in premature boys . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 96 , ( 1 ) 98 - 105 .

Wit JM, Dunkel L ( 2011 ) . Overview: Developments in Idiopathic Short Stature . HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS vol. 76 , 1 - 2 .

Dunkel L ( 2011 ) . Treatment of idiopathic short stature: effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, aromatase inhibitors and anabolic steroids . Horm Res Paediatr vol. 76 Suppl 3 , 27 - 29 .

Hero M, Maury S, Luotoniemi E, Service E, Dunkel L ( 2010 ) . Cognitive effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy in peripubertal boys . Eur J Endocrinol vol. 163 , ( 1 ) 149 - 155 .

Hero M, Toiviainen-Salo S, Wickman S, Mäkitie O, Dunkel L ( 2010 ) . Vertebral morphology in aromatase inhibitor-treated males with idiopathic short stature or constitutional delay of puberty . J Bone Miner Res vol. 25 , ( 7 ) 1536 - 1543 .

Tommiska J, Wehkalampi K, Vaaralahti K, Laitinen E-M, Raivio T, Dunkel L ( 2010 ) . LIN28B in constitutional delay of growth and puberty . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 95 , ( 6 ) 3063 - 3066 .

Laitinen E-M, Tommiska J, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U, Vaaralahti K, Raivio T ( 2010 ) . Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a mother and her monozygotic twins born after a single embryo transfer . Fertil Steril vol. 93 , ( 6 ) 2074.e13 - 2074.e16 .

Dunkel L ( 2010 ) . Off-label use of aromatase inhibitors to promote taller stature: is it safe . Horm Res Paediatr vol. 74 , ( 6 ) 436 - 437 .

Vallette‐Kasic S, Pulichino A, Gueydan M, Barlier A, David M, Malpuech G, Deal C, Van Vliet G et al. ( 2004 ) . A Neonatal Form of Isolated ACTH Deficiency Frequently Associated with Tpit Gene Mutations . Endocrine Research . vol. 30 , 943 - 944 .

Hero M, Maury S, Luotoniemi E, Service E, Dunkel L ( 2009 ) . Cognitive effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy in peripubertal boys . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 72 , 398 - 398 .

Wehkalampi K, Lindfors K, Sinkkonen J, Dunkel L, Elovainio M ( 2009 ) . Constitutional delay of growth and puberty predicts minor psychiatric morbidity in adolescence . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 72 , 394 - 394 .

Hero M, Mäkitie O, Kröger H, Nousiainen E, Toiviainen-Salo S, Dunkel L ( 2009 ) . Impact of aromatase inhibitor therapy on bone turnover, cortical bone growth and vertebral morphology in pre- and peripubertal boys with idiopathic short stature . Horm Res vol. 71 , ( 5 ) 290 - 297 .

Kuiri-Hanninen T, Sankilampi U, Hamalainen E, Turpeinen U, Seuri R, Dunkel L ( 2009 ) . Longitudinal assessment of urinary gonadotropin and testosterone levels and their relation to postnatal penile and testicular growth in full term and preterm boys . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 72 , 398 - 399 .

Dunkel L ( 2009 ) . Update on the role of aromatase inhibitors in growth disorders . Horm Res vol. 71 Suppl 1 , 57 - 63 .

Bang P, Bjerknes R, Dahlgren J, Dunkel L, Gustafsson J, Juul A, Kristrom B, Tapanainen P et al. ( 2009 ) . What is a poor growth response to rhGH therapy? A comparison of different definitions of growth response in 456 Nordic short statured children treated with rhGH . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 72 , 100 - 100 .

Wehkalampi K, Silventoinen K, Kaprio J, Dick DM, Rose RJ, Pulkkinen L, Dunkel L ( 2008 ) . Genetic and environmental influences on pubertal timing assessed by height growth . American Journal of Human Biology vol. 20 , ( 4 ) 417 - 423 .

Silventoinen K, Haukka J, Dunkel L, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F ( 2008 ) . Genetics of pubertal timing and its associations with relative weight in childhood and adult height: the Swedish Young Male Twins Study . Pediatrics vol. 121 , ( 4 ) e885 - e891 .

TAPANAINEN J, MARTIKAINEN H, DUNKEL L, PERHEENTUPA J, VIHKO R ( 2008 ) . STEROIDOGENIC RESPONSE TO A SINGLE INJECTION OF hCG IN PRE‐ AND EARLY PUBERTAL CRYPTORCHID BOYS . Clinical Endocrinology vol. 18 , ( 4 ) 355 - 362 .

Euling SY, Herman-Giddens ME, Lee PA, Selevan SG, Juul A, Sørensen TIA, Dunkel L, Himes JH et al. ( 2008 ) . Examination of US puberty-timing data from 1940 to 1994 for secular trends: Panel findings . Pediatrics vol. 121 , ( SUPPL.3 )

LEINONEN P, DUNKEL L, PERHEENTUPA J, VIHKO R ( 2008 ) . MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM DUE TO DEFICIENCY OF TESTICULAR 17‐KETOSTEROID REDUCTASE . Acta Paediatrica vol. 72 , ( 2 ) 211 - 214 .

Wehkalampi K, Widen E, Laine T, Palotie A, Dunkel L ( 2008 ) . A locus on chromosome 2 regulates the timing of puberty . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 70 , 35 - 35 .

Hero M, Dunkel L ( 2008 ) . Aromatase inhibitors in bone and growth plate . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 70 , 13 - 14 .

Wehkalampi K, Widén E, Laine T, Palotie A, DUNKEL L ( 2008 ) . Association of the timing of puberty with a chromosome 2 locus . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 93 , ( 12 ) 4833 - 4839 .

Dunkel L ( 2008 ) . Klinefelter Syndrome (KS): Growth and Hormone Replacement . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 70 , 6 - 7 .

Dunkel L ( 2008 ) . New Strategies to Improve Final Height . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 70 , 1 - 1 .

Wehkalampi K, Widén E, Laine T, Palotie A, DUNKEL L ( 2008 ) . Patterns of inheritance of constitutional delay of growth and puberty in families of adolescent girls and boys referred to specialist pediatric care . J Clin Endocrinol Metab. vol. 93 , ( 3 ) 723 - 728 .

Wikström AM, Dunkel L ( 2008 ) . Testicular function in Klinefelter syndrome . Horm Res vol. 69 , ( 6 ) 317 - 326 .

Lindfors K, Elovainio M, Wickman S, Vuorinen R, Sinkkonen J, Dunkel L, Raappana A ( 2007 ) . Brief report: The role of ego development in psychosocial adjustment among boys with delayed puberty . Journal of Research on Adolescence vol. 17 , ( 4 ) 601 - 612 .

Wehkalampi K, Vangonen K, Laine T, Dunkel L ( 2007 ) . Progressive reduction of relative height in childhood predicts adult stature below target height in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty . Hormone Research vol. 68 , ( 2 ) 99 - 104 .

Dunkel L ( 2007 ) . Aromatase inhibitors . Growth Disorders, Second Edition ,

Wikström AM, Hoei-Hansen CE, Dunkel L, Meyts ERD ( 2007 ) . Immunoexpression of androgen receptor and nine markers of maturation in the testes of adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome: Evidence for degeneration of germ cells at the onset of meiosis . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 92 , ( 2 ) 714 - 719 .

Hero M, Makitie H, Kroger H, Sanna T, Dunkel L ( 2007 ) . The impact of aromatase inhibitor therapy on bone turnover, cortical bone growth and vertebral morphology in peripubertal boys with idiopathic short stature . BONE . vol. 40 , S50 - S50 .

Raivio T, Wikström AM, Dunkel L ( 2007 ) . Treatment of gonadotropin-deficient boys with recombinant human FSH: long-term observation and outcome . Eur J Endocrinol vol. 156 , ( 1 ) 105 - 111 .

Dunkel L ( 2007 ) . [Not Available] . Duodecim vol. 123 , ( 2 ) 231 - 237 .

Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Management of children with idiopathic short stature . European Journal of Endocrinology, Supplement vol. 155 , ( 1 )

Hero M, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Taskinen M-R, Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Blockade of oestrogen biosynthesis in peripubertal boys: effects on lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and body composition . Eur J Endocrinol vol. 155 , ( 3 ) 453 - 460 .

Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Use of aromatase inhibitors to increase final height . Mol Cell Endocrinol vol. 254-255 , 207 - 216 .

Vera Y, Erkkilä K, Wang C, Nunez C, Kyttänen S, Lue Y, Dunkel L, Swerdloff RS et al. ( 2006 ) . Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and inducible nitric oxide synthase in apoptotic signaling of murine and human male germ cells after hormone deprivation . Molecular Endocrinology vol. 20 , ( 7 ) 1597 - 1609 .

Wikström AM, Painter JN, Raivio T, Aittomäki K, Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Genetic features of the X chromosome affect pubertal development and testicular degeneration in adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome . Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) vol. 65 , ( 1 ) 92 - 97 .

Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Wikstrom M, Taari K, Sinha Hikim AP, Swerdloff RS, Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Regulation of human male germ cell death by modulators of ATP production . American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 290 , ( 6 )

Wikström AM, Dunkel L, Wickman S, Norjavaara E, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Raivio T ( 2006 ) . Are adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome androgen deficient? A longitudinal study of Finnish 47,XXY boys . Pediatr Res vol. 59 , ( 6 ) 854 - 859 .

Hero M, Wickman S, Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole during adolescence increases near-final height in boys with constitutional delay of puberty . Clinical Endocrinology vol. 64 , ( 5 ) 510 - 513 .

Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Turpeinen U, Stenman UH, Andersson S ( 2006 ) . Placental 11β-HSD2 activity, early postnatal clinical course, and adrenal function in extremely low birth weight infants . Pediatric Research vol. 59 , ( 4 PART 1 ) 575 - 578 .

Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Dunkel L, Lue YH, Wang C, Hikim APS, Swerdloff RS ( 2006 ) . <i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine restores glutathione-to-glutathione disulfide ratio and prevents human male germ cell apoptosis . JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE . vol. 54 , S152 - S152 .

Hero M, Lindgren CA, Taskinen MR, Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Blockade of oestrogen biosynthesis in peripubertal boys: effects on lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and body composition . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 65 , 105 - 105 .

Höglund P, Hihnala S, Kujala M, Tiitinen A, Dunkel L, Holmberg C ( 2006 ) . Disruption of the SLC26A3-mediated anion transport is associated with male subfertility . Fertil Steril vol. 85 , ( 1 ) 232 - 235 .

Wehkalampi K, Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Familial aggregation of constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 65 , 106 - 106 .

Wehkalampi K, Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Height outcome in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 65 , 107 - 107 .

Vera Y, Erkkila K, Wang C, Nunez C, Kyttanen S, Lue Y, Dunkel L, Swerdloff RS et al. ( 2006 ) . Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and inducible nitric oxide synthase in apoptotic signaling of murine and human . MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY vol. 20 , ( 7 ) 1597 - 1609 .

Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Dunkel L, Lue YH, Wang C, Sinha-Hikim AP, Swerdloff RS ( 2006 ) . N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) restores GSH-GSSG ratio and prevents human male germ cell apoptosis . JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY . 51 - 51 .

Aksglæde L, Wikström AM, Meyts ERD, Dunkel L, Skakkebæk NE, Juul A ( 2006 ) . Natural history of seminiferous tubule degeneration in Klinefelter syndrome . Human Reproduction Update vol. 12 , ( 1 ) 39 - 48 .

Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Turpeinen U, Stenman UH, Andersson S ( 2006 ) . Placental 11β-HSD2 activity, early postnatal clinical course, and adrenal function in extremely low birth weight infants . PEDIATRIC RESEARCH vol. 59 , ( 4 ) 575 - 578 .

Wikstrom A, Bay K, Hero M, Andersson AM, Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Serum INSU levels during puberty in healthy boys and in boys with Klinefelter syndrome . HORMONE RESEARCH vol. 65 , 32 - 33 .

Wikström AM, Bay K, Hero M, Andersson AM, Dunkel L ( 2006 ) . Serum insulin-like factor 3 levels during puberty in healthy boys and boys with Klinefelter syndrome . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 91 , ( 11 ) 4705 - 4708 .

Hero M, Norjavaara E, Dunkel L ( 2005 ) . Inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis with a potent aromatase inhibitor increases predicted adult height in boys with idiopathic short stature: a randomized controlled trial . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 90 , ( 12 ) 6396 - 6402 .

Castanares M, Vera Y, Erkkilä K, Kyttänen S, Lue Y, Dunkel L, Wang C, Swerdloff RS et al. ( 2005 ) . Minocycline up-regulates BCL-2 levels in mitochondria and attenuates male germ cell apoptosis . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications vol. 337 , ( 2 ) 663 - 669 .

Hero M, Jänne OA, Näntö-Salonen K, Dunkel L, Raivio T ( 2005 ) . Circulating antiandrogenic activity in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia during peroral flutamide treatment . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 90 , ( 9 ) 5140 - 5145 .

Hero M, Jänne OA, Näntö-Salonen K, Dunkel L, Raivio T ( 2005 ) . Circulating antiandrogenic activity in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia during peroral flutamide treatment . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 90 , ( 9 ) 5141 - 5145 .

Hochberg Z, Khaesh-Goldberg I, Partsch CJ, Zadik Z, Bistritzer T, Cohen A, Doveh E, Sippell W et al. ( 2005 ) . Differences in infantile growth patterns in Turner syndrome girls with and without spontaneous puberty . Hormone and Metabolic Research vol. 37 , ( 4 ) 236 - 241 .

Suomalainen L, Pentikäinen V, Dunkel L ( 2005 ) . Sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibits nuclear factor kappaB activation and germ cell apoptosis in the human testis independently of its receptors . Am J Pathol vol. 166 , ( 3 ) 773 - 781 .

Hero M, Wickman S, Hanhijärvi R, Siimes MA, Dunkel L ( 2005 ) . Pubertal upregulation of erythropoiesis in boys is determined primarily by androgen . J Pediatr vol. 146 , ( 2 ) 245 - 252 .

Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Lapatto R, Dunkel L ( 2005 ) . ATP production and pyridine nucleotides in human male germ cell death . JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY . 75 - 75 .

Vallette-Kasic S, Brue T, Pulichino AM, Gueydan M, Barlier A, David M, Nicolino M, Malpuech G et al. ( 2005 ) . Congenital isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency: An underestimated cause of neonatal death, explained by TPIT gene mutations . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 90 , ( 3 ) 1323 - 1331 .

Otala M, Pentikäinen MO, Matikainen T, Suomalainen L, Hakala JK, Perez GI, Tenhunen M, Erkkilä K et al. ( 2005 ) . Effects of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency on male germ cell development and programmed cell death . Biol Reprod vol. 72 , ( 1 ) 86 - 96 .

Ståhlberg K, Kairemo K, Erkkilä K, Pentikäinen V, Sorvari P, Taari K, Dunkel L, Rannikko S ( 2005 ) . Radiation sensitizing effect of estramustine is not dependent on apoptosis . Anticancer Research vol. 25 , ( 4 ) 2873 - 2878 .

Erkkila K, Dunkel L, Kyttanen S ( 2005 ) . Regulation of human male germ cell death by modulators of ATP production . JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE vol. 53 , ( 1 ) S149 - S149 .

Suomalainen L, Dunkel L, Ketola I, Eriksson M, Erkkilä K, Oksjoki R, Taari K, Heikinheimo M et al. ( 2004 ) . Activator protein-1 in human male germ cell apoptosis . Mol Hum Reprod vol. 10 , ( 10 ) 743 - 753 .

Otala M, Mäkinen S, Tuuri T, Sjöberg J, Pentikäinen V, Matikainen T, Dunkel L ( 2004 ) . Effects of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and 17β-estradiol on human ovarian tissue survival in culture . Fertility and Sterility vol. 82 , ( SUPPL. 3 ) 1077 - 1085 .

Kajantie E, Raivio T, Jänne OA, Hovi P, Dunkel L, Andersson S ( 2004 ) . Circulating Glucocorticoid Bioactivity in the Preterm Newborn after Antenatal Betamethasone Treatment . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 89 , ( 8 ) 3999 - 4003 .

Wikström AM, Raivio T, Hadziselimovic F, Wikström S, Tuuri T, Dunkel L ( 2004 ) . Klinefelter syndrome in adolescence: onset of puberty is associated with accelerated germ cell depletion . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 89 , ( 5 ) 2263 - 2270 .

Otala M, Suomalainen L, Pentikäinen MO, Kovanen P, Tenhunen M, Erkkilä K, Toppari J, Dunkel L ( 2004 ) . Protection from radiation-induced male germ cell loss by sphingosine-1-phosphate . Biol Reprod vol. 70 , ( 3 ) 759 - 767 .

Raivio T, Dunkel L, Wickman S, Jänne OA ( 2004 ) . Serum androgen bioactivity in adolescence: a longitudinal study of boys with constitutional delay of puberty . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 89 , ( 3 ) 1188 - 1192 .

Hovi L, Saarinen-Pihkala UM, Taskinen M, Wikström AM, Dunkel L ( 2004 ) . Subnormal androgen levels in young female bone marrow transplant recipients with ovarian dysfunction, chronic GVHD and receiving glucocorticoid therapy . Bone Marrow Transplant vol. 33 , ( 5 ) 503 - 508 .

Dunkel L ( 2004 ) . Delayed Puberty and Hypogonadism, Female . Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases , Elsevier

Kajantie E, Eriksson J, Barker DJ, Forsén T, Osmond C, Wood PJ, Andersson S, Dunkel L et al. ( 2003 ) . Birthsize, gestational age and adrenal function in adult life: studies of dexamethasone suppression and ACTH1-24 stimulation . European Journal of Endocrinology vol. 149 , ( 6 ) 569 - 575 .

Suomalainen L, Hakala JK, Pentikäinen V, Otala M, Erkkilä K, Pentikäinen MO, Dunkel L ( 2003 ) . Sphingosine-1-phosphate in inhibition of male germ cell apoptosis in the human testis . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 88 , ( 11 ) 5572 - 5579 .

Silventoinen K, Sammalisto S, Perola M, Boomsma DI, Cornes BK, Davis C, Dunkel L, De Lange M et al. ( 2003 ) . Heritability of adult body height: a comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries . Twin Res vol. 6 , ( 5 ) 399 - 408 .

Dunkel L, Wickman S ( 2003 ) . Novel treatment of short stature with aromatase inhibitors . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol vol. 86 , ( 3-5 ) 345 - 356 .

Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L, Wikström M, Parvinen M, Dunkel L ( 2003 ) . Chemical anoxia delays germ cell apoptosis in the human testis . Biol Reprod vol. 69 , ( 2 ) 617 - 626 .

Wickman S, Kajantie E, Dunkel L ( 2003 ) . Effects of suppression of estrogen action by the p450 aromatase inhibitor letrozole on bone mineral density and bone turnover in pubertal boys . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 88 , ( 8 ) 3785 - 3793 .

Raivio T, Toppari J, Kaleva M, Virtanen H, Haavisto A-M, Dunkel L, Jänne OA ( 2003 ) . Serum androgen bioactivity in cryptorchid and noncryptorchid boys during the postnatal reproductive hormone surge . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 88 , ( 6 ) 2597 - 2599 .

Wikström AM, Hovi L, Dunkel L, Saarinen-Pihkala UM ( 2003 ) . Restoration of ovarian function after chemotherapy for osteosarcoma . Arch Dis Child vol. 88 , ( 5 ) 428 - 431 .

Kajantie E, Fall CHD, Seppälä M, Koistinen R, Dunkel L, Ylihärsilä H, Osmond C, Andersson S et al. ( 2003 ) . Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF-Binding Protein-1 in Elderly People: Relationships with Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Body Composition, Size at Birth, and Childhood Growth . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 88 , ( 3 ) 1059 - 1065 .

Pentikäinen V, Dunkel L, Erkkilä K ( 2003 ) . Male germ cell apoptosis . Endocr Dev vol. 5 , 56 - 80 .

Mäkitie O, Sochett E, Dunkel L ( 2003 ) . Osteoporosis--a new challenge for pediatricians . Nordisk Medicin vol. 119 , ( 17 ) 1607 - 1608 .

Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Turpeinen U, Stenman U-H, Wood PJ, Nuutila M, Andersson S ( 2003 ) . Placental 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-2 and Fetal Cortisol/Cortisone Shuttle in Small Preterm Infants . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 88 , ( 1 ) 493 - 500 .

Kajantie E, Phillips DIW, Andersson S, Barker DJP, Dunkel L, Forsén T, Osmond C, Tuominen J et al. ( 2002 ) . Size at birth, gestational age and cortisol secretion in adult life: foetal programming of both hyper‐ and hypocortisolism? . Clinical Endocrinology vol. 57 , ( 5 ) 635 - 641 .

Hreinsson JG, Otala M, Fridström M, Borgström B, Rasmussen C, Lundqvist M, Tuuri T, Simberg N et al. ( 2002 ) . Follicles are found in the ovaries of adolescent girls with Turner's syndrome . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 87 , ( 8 ) 3618 - 3623 .

Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Rutanen E-M, Seppälä M, Koistinen R, Sarnesto A, Andersson S ( 2002 ) . IGF-I, IGF Binding Protein (IGFBP)-3, Phosphoisoforms of IGFBP-1, and Postnatal Growth in Very Low Birth Weight Infants . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 87 , ( 5 ) 2171 - 2179 .

Jaatinen R, Bondestam J, Raivio T, Hildén K, Dunkel L, Groome N, Ritvos O ( 2002 ) . Activation of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway induces inhibin beta(B)-subunit mRNA and secreted inhibin B levels in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 87 , ( 3 ) 1254 - 1261 .

Otala M, Erkkilä K, Tuuri T, Sjöberg J, Suomalainen L, Suikkari A-M, Pentikäinen V, Dunkel L ( 2002 ) . Cell death and its suppression in human ovarian tissue culture . Mol Hum Reprod vol. 8 , ( 3 ) 228 - 236 .

Raivio T, Dunkel L ( 2002 ) . Inhibins in childhood and puberty . Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 16 , ( 1 ) 43 - 52 .

Wickman S, Saukkonen T, Dunkel L ( 2002 ) . The role of sex steroids in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and serum lipid concentrations during male puberty: a prospective study with a P450-aromatase inhibitor . Eur J Endocrinol vol. 146 , ( 3 ) 339 - 346 .

Erkkilä K, Aito H, Aalto K, Pentikäinen V, Dunkel L ( 2002 ) . Lactate inhibits germ cell apoptosis in the human testis . Mol Hum Reprod vol. 8 , ( 2 ) 109 - 117 .

Dunkel L, Wickman S ( 2002 ) . Novel treatment of delayed male puberty with aromatase inhibitors . Horm Res vol. 57 Suppl 2 , 44 - 52 .

Pentikäinen V, Suomalainen L, Erkkilä K, Martelin E, Parvinen M, Pentikäinen MO, Dunkel L ( 2002 ) . Nuclear factor-kappa B activation in human testicular apoptosis . Am J Pathol vol. 160 , ( 1 ) 205 - 218 .

Malozowski S, Cianfarani S, Dunkel L ( 2001 ) . Role of hormones in puberty [7] (multiple letters) . Lancet vol. 358 , ( 9291 ) 1459 - 1460 .

Wickman S, Dunkel L ( 2001 ) . Inhibition of P450 aromatase enhances gonadotropin secretion in early and midpubertal boys: evidence for a pituitary site of action of endogenous E . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 86 , ( 10 ) 4887 - 4894 .

Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L, Otala M, Pentikäinen MO, Parvinen M, Dunkel L ( 2001 ) . TNFα down-regulates the Fas ligand and inhibits germ cell apoptosis in the human testis . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 86 , ( 9 ) 4480 - 4488 .

Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Risteli J, Pohjavuori M, Andersson S ( 2001 ) . Markers of Type I and III Collagen Turnover as Indicators of Growth Velocity in Very Low Birth Weight Infants . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 86 , ( 9 ) 4299 - 4306 .

Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L, Otala M, Pentikäinen MO, Parvinen M, Dunkel L ( 2001 ) . TNFalpha down-regulates the Fas ligand and inhibits germ cell apoptosis in the human testis . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 86 , ( 9 ) 4480 - 4488 .

Wickman S, Sipilä I, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Norjavaara E, Dunkel L ( 2001 ) . A specific aromatase inhibitor and potential increase in adult height in boys with delayed puberty: a randomised controlled trial . Lancet vol. 357 , ( 9270 ) 1743 - 1748 .

Mäkitie OM, Tapanainen PJ, Dunkel L, Siimes MA ( 2001 ) . Impaired spermatogenesis: an unrecognized feature of cartilage-hair hypoplasia . Ann Med vol. 33 , ( 3 ) 201 - 205 .

Raivio T, Palvimo JJ, Dunkel L, Wickman S, Jänne OA ( 2001 ) . Novel assay for determination of androgen bioactivity in human serum . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 86 , ( 4 ) 1539 - 1544 .

Dunkel L, Wickman S ( 2001 ) . Treatment of delayed male puberty: efficacy of aromatase inhibition . J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab vol. 14 Suppl 6 , 1541 - 1546 .

Mäkitie O, Juvonen E, Dunkel L, Kaitila I, Siimes MA ( 2000 ) . Anemia in children with cartilage-hair hypoplasia is related to body growth and to the insulin-like growth factor system . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 85 , ( 2 ) 563 - 568 .

Ketola I, Pentikäinen V, Vaskivuo T, Ilvesmäki V, Herva R, Dunkel L, Tapanainen JS, Toppari J et al. ( 2000 ) . Expression of transcription factor GATA-4 during human testicular development and disease . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 85 , ( 10 ) 3925 - 3931 .

Vaskivuo TE, Stenbäck F, Karhumaa P, Risteli J, Dunkel L, Tapanainen JS ( 2000 ) . Apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins in human endometrium . Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology vol. 165 , ( 1-2 ) 75 - 83 .

Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L, Parvinen M, Dunkel L ( 2000 ) . Estradiol acts as a germ cell survival factor in the human testis in vitro . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 85 , ( 5 ) 2057 - 2067 .

Raivio T, Saukkonen S, Jääskeläinen J, Komulainen J, Dunkel L ( 2000 ) . Signaling between the pituitary gland and the testes: inverse relationship between serum FSH and inhibin B concentrations in boys in early puberty . Eur J Endocrinol vol. 142 , ( 2 ) 150 - 156 .

Raivio T, Dunkel L ( 1999 ) . Inverse relationship between serum inhibin B and FSH levels in prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism . Pediatr Res vol. 46 , ( 5 ) 496 - 500 .

Erkkilä K, Pentikäinen V, Wikström M, Parvinen M, Dunkel L ( 1999 ) . Partial oxygen pressure and mitochondrial permeability transition affect germ cell apoptosis in the human testis . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 84 , ( 11 ) 4253 - 4259 .

Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Dunkel L ( 1999 ) . Fas regulates germ cell apoptosis in the human testis in vitro . Am J Physiol vol. 276 , ( 2 ) E310 - E316 .

Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Dunkel L ( 1999 ) . Fas regulates germ cell apoptosis in the human testis in vitro . American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 276 , ( 2 39-2 )

Kairemo KJA, Verho S, Dunkel L ( 1999 ) . Imaging of McCune-Albright syndrome using bone single photon emission computed tomography . European Journal of Pediatrics vol. 158 , ( 2 ) 123 - 126 .

Raivio T, Perheentupa A, McNeilly AS, Groome NP, Anttila R, Siimes MA, Dunkel L ( 1998 ) . Biphasic increase in serum inhibin B during puberty: a longitudinal study of healthy Finnish boys . Pediatr Res vol. 44 , ( 4 ) 552 - 556 .

Erkkilä K, Hirvonen V, Wuokko E, Parvinen M, Dunkel L ( 1998 ) . N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibits apoptosis in human male germ cells in vitro . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 83 , ( 7 ) 2523 - 2531 .

Mäkitie O, Dunkel L, Siimes MA ( 1998 ) . Body Growth and Erythropoiesis are Related to Each Other in Children with Cartilage-hair Hypoplasia 458 . Pediatric Research vol. 43 , ( Suppl 4 ) 81 - 81 .

Dunkel L ( 1998 ) . Cryptorchidism--how to examine and how to treat? . Nordisk Medicin vol. 114 , ( 4 ) 319 - 321 .

Dunkel L, Taskinen S, Hovatta O, Tilly JL, Wikström S ( 1997 ) . Germ cell apoptosis after treatment of cryptorchidism with human chorionic gonadotropin is associated with impaired reproductive function in the adult . J Clin Invest vol. 100 , ( 9 ) 2341 - 2346 .

Erkkilä K, Henriksén K, Hirvonen V, Rannikko S, Salo J, Parvinen M, Dunkel L ( 1997 ) . Testosterone regulates apoptosis in adult human seminiferous tubules in vitro . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 82 , ( 7 ) 2314 - 2321 .

Dunkel L, Hirvonen V, Erkkilä K ( 1997 ) . Clinical aspects of male germ cell apoptosis during testis development and spermatogenesis . Cell Death Differ vol. 4 , ( 3 ) 171 - 179 .

Dunkel L, Raivio T, Laine J, Holmberg C ( 1997 ) . Circulating luteinizing hormone receptor inhibitor(s) in boys with chronic renal failure . Kidney Int vol. 51 , ( 3 ) 777 - 784 .

Albertsson-Wikland K, Rosberg S, Lannering B, Dunkel L, Selstam G, Norjavaara E ( 1997 ) . Twenty-four-hour profiles of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estradiol levels: A semilongitudinal study throughout puberty in healthy boys . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 82 , ( 2 ) 541 - 549 .

Laine J, Etelämäki P, Holmberg C, Dunkel L ( 1997 ) . Apoptotic cell death in human chronic renal allograft rejection . Transplantation vol. 63 , ( 1 ) 101 - 105 .

Raivio T, Toppari J, Perheentupa A, McNeily AS, Dunkel L ( 1997 ) . Treatment of prepubertal gonadotrophin-deficient boys with recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone [4] . Lancet vol. 350 , ( 9073 ) 263 - 264 .

Dunkel L, Tapanainen P ( 1997 ) . Whats new concerning endocrinology of puberty . Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja vol. 113 , ( 7 ) 619 - 627 .

Dunkel L, Tapanainen P ( 1997 ) . [Whats new concerning endocrinology of puberty] . Duodecim vol. 113 , ( 7 ) 619 - 627 .

Demir A, Voutilainen R, Juul A, Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Skakkebaek NE, Stenman UH ( 1996 ) . Increase in first morning voided urinary luteinizing hormone levels precedes the physical onset of puberty . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 81 , ( 8 ) 2963 - 2967 .

Raivio T, Huhtaniemi I, Anttila R, Siimes MA, Hagenäs L, Nilsson C, Pettersson K, Dunkel L ( 1996 ) . The role of luteinizing hormone-beta gene polymorphism in the onset and progression of puberty in healthy boys . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 81 , ( 9 ) 3278 - 3282 .

Heiskanen P, Billig H, Toppari J, Kaleva M, Arsalo A, Rapola J, Dunkel L ( 1996 ) . Apoptotic cell death in the normal and cryptorchid human testis: the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular cell survival . Pediatr Res vol. 40 , ( 2 ) 351 - 356 .

Huhtaniemi IT, Haavisto AM, Anttila R, Siimes MA, Dunkel L ( 1996 ) . Sensitive immunoassay and in vitro bioassay demonstrate constant bioactive/immunoreactive ratio of luteinizing hormone in healthy boys during the pubertal maturation . Pediatric Research vol. 39 , ( 1 ) 180 - 184 .

Demir A, Dunkel L, Stenman UH, Voutilainen R ( 1995 ) . Age-related course of urinary gonadotropins in children . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 80 , ( 4 ) 1457 - 1460 .

Nishimori K, Dunkel L, Hsueh AJ, Yamoto M, Nakano R ( 1995 ) . Expression of luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in human corpora lutea during menstrual cycle and pregnancy . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 80 , ( 4 ) 1444 - 1448 .

Dunkel L, Tilly JL, Shikone T, Nishimori K, Hsueh AJ ( 1994 ) . Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression in the Rat Ovary: Increases during Prepubertal Development and Regulation by the Opposing Actions of Transforming Growth Factors β and α1 . Biology of Reproduction vol. 50 , ( 4 ) 940 - 948 .

Demir A, Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Stenman UH, Voutilainen R ( 1994 ) . A Clinically Useful Method for Detecting Gonadotropins in Children: Assessment of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) from Urine Instead of Serum by Ultra-Sensitive Time-Resolved Immunofluorometric Assays Employing Also the LHspec Kit . Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology vol. 3 , ( Supple5 )

Dunkel L, Siimes MA, Bremner WJ ( 1993 ) . Reduced inhibin and elevated gonadotropin levels in early pubertal boys with testicular defects . Pediatr Res vol. 33 , ( 5 ) 514 - 518 .

Dunkel L, Jia XC, Nishimori K, Boime I, Hsueh AJ ( 1993 ) . Deglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) antagonizes hCG stimulation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation through a noncompetitive interaction with recombinant human luteinizing hormone receptors . Endocrinology vol. 132 , ( 2 ) 763 - 769 .

Dunkel L, Siimes MA, Bremner WJ ( 1993 ) . Reduced inhibin and elevated gonadotropin levels in early pubertal boys with testicular defects . Pediatric Research vol. 33 , ( 5 ) 514 - 518 .

Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Stenman UH, Selstam G, Rosberg S, Albertsson-Wikland K ( 1992 ) . Developmental changes in 24-hour profiles of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from prepuberty to midstages of puberty in boys . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 74 , ( 4 ) 890 - 897 .

Siimes MA, Dunkel L, Rautonen J ( 1992 ) . Risk factors for endocrine testicular dysfunction in adolescent and adult males who have survived malignancies in childhood . Cancer Journal vol. 5 , ( 1 ) 28 - 31 .

Dunkel L, Perheentupa J ( 1991 ) . Developmental delay in a boy . Nordisk Medicin vol. 107 , ( 21 ) 1788 - 1793 .

Lahdenne P, Dunkel L, Heikinheimo M, Koskimies AI, Siimes MA ( 1991 ) . Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and sperm abnormalities in men born with benign sacrococcygeal teratoma . J Androl vol. 12 , ( 4 ) 226 - 230 .

Dunkel L, Huhtaniemi I ( 1990 ) . Testicular responsiveness to hCG during infancy measured by salivary testosterone . Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) vol. 123 , ( 6 ) 633 - 636 .

Haavisto A-M, Dunkel L, Pettersson K, Huhtaniemi I ( 1990 ) . LH Measurements by in Vitro Bioassay and a Highly Sensitive Immunofluorometric Assay Improve the Distinction between Boys with Constitutional Delay of Puberty and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism . Pediatric Research vol. 27 , ( 3 ) 211 - 214 .

Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Stenman UH, Tapanainen P, Perheentupa J ( 1990 ) . Pulsatile secretion of LH and FSH in prepubertal and early pubertal boys revealed by ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assays . Pediatr Res vol. 27 , ( 3 ) 215 - 219 .

Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Stenman UH, Perheentupa J ( 1990 ) . Gonadal control of pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in prepubertal boys evaluated by ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assays . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism vol. 70 , ( 1 ) 107 - 114 .

Mäkipernaa A, Dunkel L, Siimes MA ( 1990 ) . Growth after treatment of solid tumours in childhood . Acta Paediatr Scand vol. 79 , ( 8-9 ) 817 - 822 .

Riikonen R, Simell O, Dunkel L, Santavuori P, Perheentupa J ( 1989 ) . Hormonal background of the hypertension and fluid derangements associated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone treatment of infants . Eur J Pediatr vol. 148 , ( 8 ) 737 - 741 .

Sorva R, Kuusi T, Dunkel L, Taskinen MR ( 1988 ) . Effects of endogenous sex steroids on serum lipoproteins and postheparin plasma lipolytic enzymes . J Clin Endocrinol Metab vol. 66 , ( 2 ) 408 - 413 .

Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Stenman U-H, Perheentupa J ( 1988 ) . GONADAL CONTROL OF PULSATILE SECRETION OF LB AND FSB IN PREPUBERTAL BOYS . Pediatric Research vol. 23 , ( 1 ) 113 - 113 .

Sane T, Valtonen M, Dunkel L, Pelkonen R ( 1988 ) . Post-traumatic hypopituitarism . Nordisk Medicin vol. 104 , ( 12 ) 944 - 948 .

Dunkel L, Hovi L, Siimes MA ( 1987 ) . Impaired prolactin responsiveness to a dopamine antagonist in long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) vol. 116 , ( 1 ) 85 - 89 .

Anttila PH, Dunkel L, Simell O ( 1987 ) . Abnormal LH and prolactin responses in acrodermatitis enteropathica during hypozincaemia . J Inherit Metab Dis vol. 10 , ( 2 )

Perheentupa J, Riikonen R, Dunkel L, Simell O ( 1986 ) . Adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness after treatment with ACTH of infantile spasms . Archives of Disease in Childhood vol. 61 , ( 8 ) 750 - 753 .

Dunkel L ( 1986 ) . Metoclopramide test in the diagnosis of isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism . Acta Endocrinologica vol. 111 , ( 2 ) 241 - 245 .

Huhtaniemi I, Dunkel L, Perheentupa J ( 1986 ) . Transient increase in postnatal testicular activity is not revealed by longitudinal measurements of salivary testosterone . Pediatric Research vol. 20 , ( 12 ) 1324 - 1327 .

Dunkel L, Taino VM, Savilahti E, Eskola J ( 1985 ) . Effect of endogenous androgens on lymphocyte subpopulations . Lancet vol. 2 , ( 8452 ) 440 - 441 .

DUNKEL L, PERHEENTUPA J, SORVA R ( 1985 ) . Single Versus Repeated Dose Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulation in the Differential Diagnosis of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism* . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism vol. 60 , ( 2 ) 333 - 337 .

Dunkel L, Huhtaniemi I ( 1985 ) . Abnormal prolactin secretion in prepubertal boys with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism — possible involvement in regulation of testicular steroidogenesis . International Journal of Andrology vol. 8 , ( 5 ) 385 - 392 .

Dunkel L ( 1985 ) . Decrease in serum sex hormone binding globulin during human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation in prepubertal boys . Acta Endocrinologica vol. 109 , ( 3 ) 423 - 427 .

Dunkel L, Perheentupa J, Virtanen M, Mäenpää J ( 1985 ) . GnRH and HCG Tests Are Both Necessary in Differential Diagnosis of Male Delayed Puberty . American Journal of Diseases of Children vol. 139 , ( 5 ) 494 - 498 .

Dunkel L, Perheentupa J, Virtanen M, Mäenpää J ( 1985 ) . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone test and human chorionic gonadotropin test in the diagnosis of gonadotropin deficiency in prepubertal boys . The Journal of Pediatrics vol. 107 , ( 3 ) 388 - 392 .

Dunkel L, Perheentupa J, Apter D ( 1985 ) . Kinetics of the steroidogenic response to single versus repeated doses of human chorionic gonadotropin in boys in prepuberty and early puberty . Pediatric Research vol. 19 , ( 1 ) 1 - 4 .

Dunkel L, Sorva R, Voutilainen R ( 1985 ) . Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin in obese children . The Journal of Pediatrics vol. 107 , ( 1 ) 95 - 97 .

DUNKEL L, PERHEENTUPA J, TAPANAINEN J, VIHKO R ( 1984 ) . Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in Newborn Males with Primary Testicular Failure . Acta Pædiatrica vol. 73 , ( 6 ) 740 - 744 .

Dunkel L, Perheentupa J, Tapanainen J, Leinonen P, Vihko R ( 1984 ) . Responsiveness of the Pituitary–testicular axis to gonadotropin–releasing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin during the first week of life . Pediatric Research vol. 18 , ( 11 ) 1085 - 1087 .

Dunkel LM ( 1983 ) . Moral and humane: patients' libraries in early nineteenth-century American mental hospitals . Journal of the Medical Library Association vol. 71 , ( 3 ) 274 - 281 .

Dunkel L, Perheentupa J ( 1981 ) . Male puberty in a (46,XY-)girl . Nordisk Medicin vol. 97 , ( 21 ) 1797 - 1800 .

Dunkel LM ( 1976 ) . Library to patient: new role for the patients' librarian . Journal of the Medical Library Association vol. 64 , ( 4 ) 418 - 419 .