Publications: Prof Peter Cowling

Chubb J, Reed D, Cowling P ( 2022 ) . Expert views about missing AI narratives: is there an AI story crisis? . AI and Society

Hodge VJ, Devlin S, Sephton N, Block F, Cowling PI, Drachen A ( 2021 ) . Win Prediction in Multiplayer Esports: Live Professional Match Prediction . IEEE Transactions on Games vol. 13 , ( 4 ) 368 - 379 .

Chubb J, Cowling P, Reed D ( 2021 ) . Speeding up to keep up: exploring the use of AI in the research process . AI and Society

Devlin S, Anspoka A, Sephton N, Cowling P, Rollason J ( 2021 ) . Combining Gameplay Data with Monte Carlo Tree Search to Emulate Human Play . Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment vol. 12 , ( 1 ) 16 - 22 .

Baier H, Sattaur A, Powley EJ, Devlin S, Rollason J, Cowling PI ( 2019 ) . Emulating human play in a leading mobile card game . IEEE Transactions on Games vol. 11 , ( 4 ) 386 - 395 .

Hodge VJ, Sephton N, Devlin S, Cowling PI, Goumagias N, Shao J, Purvis K, Cabras I et al. ( 2019 ) . How the business model of customizable card games influences player engagement . IEEE Transactions on Games vol. 11 , ( 4 ) 374 - 385 .

Spick RJ, Cowling P, Walker JA ( 2019 ) . Procedural generation using spatial GANs for region-specific learning of elevation data . IEEE Conference on Computatonal Intelligence and Games, CIG . vol. 2019-August ,

Scholten OJ, Cowling P, Hawick KA, Alfred Walker J ( 2019 ) . Unconventional exchange: Methods for statistical analysis of virtual goods . IEEE Conference on Computatonal Intelligence and Games, CIG . vol. 2019-August ,

Scholten OJ, Cowling P, Hawick KA, Walker JA ( 2019 ) . Unconventional Exchange: Methods for Statistical Analysis of Virtual Goods .

Williams DAH, Cowling PI, Murphy DT ( 2019 ) . Emotional Congruence in Video Game Audio . Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games ,

Williams D, Wu CY, Hodge VJ, Murphy D, Cowling PI ( 2019 ) . A psychometric evaluation of emotional responses to horror music . AES 146th International Convention .

Williams D, Hodge VJ, Gega L, Murphy D, Cowling PI, Drachen A ( 2019 ) . AI and automatic music generation for mindfulness . Proceedings of the AES International Conference . vol. 2019-March ,

Baier H, Cowling PI ( 2018 ) . Evolutionary MCTS for Multi-Action Adversarial Games . IEEE Conference on Computatonal Intelligence and Games, CIG . vol. 2018-August ,

Aung M, Bonometti V, Drachen A, Cowling P, Kokkinakis AV, Yoder C, Wade A ( 2018 ) . Predicting Skill Learning in a Large, Longitudinal MOBA Dataset . IEEE Conference on Computatonal Intelligence and Games, CIG . vol. 2018-August ,

Block F, Hodge V, Hobson S, Sephton N, Devlin S, Ursu MF, Drachen A, Cowling PI ( 2018 ) . Narrative bytes: Data-driven content production in esports . TVX 2018 - Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video . 29 - 41 .

Baier H, Cowling PI ( 2018 ) . Evolutionary MCTS with flexible search horizon . Proceedings of the 14th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, AIIDE 2018 . 2 - 8 .

Hodge V, Devlin S, Sephton N, Block F, Drachen A, Cowling P ( 2017 ) . Win Prediction in Esports: Mixed-Rank Match Prediction in Multi-player Online Battle Arena Games .

Kokkinakis AV, Cowling PI, Drachen A, Wade AR ( 2017 ) . Exploring the relationship between video game expertise and fluid intelligence . PLoS ONE vol. 12 , ( 11 )

Cowling P, Powley EJ, Whitehouse D ( 2017 ) . Memory Bounded Monte Carlo Tree Search . Published by The AAAI Press, Palo Alto, California. . Conference: AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE 2017) ( Snowbird, Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah USA ) from: 05/10/2017 to: 09/10/2017 , 94 - 94 .

Nucciarelli A, Li F, Fernandes KJ, Goumagias N, Cabras I, Devlin S, Kudenko D, Cowling P ( 2017 ) . From value chains to technological platforms: The effects of crowdfunding in the digital game industry . Journal of Business Research vol. 78 , 341 - 352 .

Cabras I, Goumagias ND, Fernandes K, Cowling P, Li F, Kudenko D, Devlin S, Nucciarelli A ( 2017 ) . Exploring survival rates of companies in the UK video-games industry: An empirical study . Technological Forecasting and Social Change vol. 117 , 305 - 314 .

Azzeh M, Cowling PI, Neagu D ( 2017 ) . Software stage-effort estimation based on association rule mining and fuzzy set theory .

Chen Y, Polack F, Cowling P, Remde S ( 2017 ) . A comparison of one-pass and bi-directional approaches applied to large-scale road inspection . Communications in Computer and Information Science . vol. 695 , 180 - 200 .

Mourdjis P, Polack F, Cowling P, Chen Y, Robinson M ( 2017 ) . Competition and cooperation in pickup and multiple delivery problems . Communications in Computer and Information Science . vol. 695 , 142 - 160 .

Chen Y, Polack F, Cowling P, Mourdjis P, Remde S ( 2017 ) . Exploring techniques to improve large-scale drainage system maintenance scheduling using a risk driven model . Communications in Computer and Information Science . vol. 695 , 161 - 179 .

Chen Y, Cowling P, Polack F, Remde S, Mourdjis P ( 2016 ) . Dynamic optimisation of preventative and corrective maintenance schedules for a large scale urban drainage system . European Journal of Operational Research vol. 257 , ( 2 ) 494 - 510 .

Sephton N, Cowling PI, Devlin S, Hodge VJ, Slaven NH ( 2016 ) . Using association rule mining to predict opponent deck content in android: Netrunner . IEEE Conference on Computatonal Intelligence and Games, CIG . vol. 0 ,

Chen Y, Cowling P, Remde S, Polack F ( 2016 ) . Efficient large-scale road inspection routing . ICORES 2016 - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems . 304 - 312 .

Chen Y, Mourdjis P, Polack F, Cowling P, Remde S ( 2016 ) . Evaluating hyperheuristics and local search operators for periodic routing problems . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 9595 , 104 - 120 .

Chen Y, Polack F, Cowling P, Mourdjis P, Remde S ( 2016 ) . Risk driven analysis of maintenance for a large-scale drainage system . ICORES 2016 - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems . 296 - 303 .

Mourdjis P, Polack F, Cowling P, Chen Y, Robinson M ( 2016 ) . The effect of cooperation in pickup and multiple delivery problems . ICORES 2016 - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems . 287 - 295 .

Mourdjis P, Chen Y, Polack F, Cowling P, Robinson M ( 2016 ) . Variable neighbourhood descent with memory: A hybrid metaheuristic for supermarket resupply . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 9668 , 32 - 46 .

Sephton N, Cowling PI, Slaven NH ( 2015 ) . An experimental study of action selection mechanisms to create an entertaining opponent . 2015 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG 2015 - Proceedings . 122 - 129 .

Cowling PI, Whitehouse D, Powley EJ ( 2015 ) . Emergent bluffing and inference with Monte Carlo Tree Search . 2015 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG 2015 - Proceedings . 114 - 121 .

Xie H, Devlin S, Kudenko D, Cowling P ( 2015 ) . Predicting player disengagement and first purchase with event-frequency based data representation . 2015 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG 2015 - Proceedings . 230 - 237 .

Cowling PI, Devlin S, Powley EJ, Whitehouse D, Rollason J ( 2015 ) . Player Preference and Style in a Leading Mobile Card Game . IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games vol. 7 , ( 3 ) 233 - 242 .

Devlin S, Cowling PI, Kudenko D, Goumagias N, Nucciareli A, Cabras I, Fernandes KJ, Li F ( 2014 ) . Game intelligence . IEEE Conference on Computatonal Intelligence and Games, CIG .

Sephton N, Cowling PI, Powley E, Slaven NH ( 2014 ) . Heuristic move pruning in Monte Carlo Tree Search for the strategic card game Lords of War . IEEE Conference on Computatonal Intelligence and Games, CIG .

Sephton N, Cowling PI, Powley E, Whitehouse D, Slaven NH ( 2014 ) . Parallelization of Information Set Monte Carlo Tree Search . Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2014 . 2290 - 2297 .

Perez D, Powley E, Whitehouse D, Samothrakis S, Lucas S, Cowling PI ( 2014 ) . The 2013 Multi-objective Physical Travelling Salesman Problem Competition . Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2014 . 2314 - 2321 .

Goumagias N, Cabras I, Fernandes KJ, Li F, Nucciarelli A, Cowling P, Devlin S, Kudenko D ( 2014 ) . A phylogenetic classification of the video-game industry’s business model ecosystem . IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology . vol. 434 , 285 - 294 .

Chen Y, Cowling P, Remde S ( 2014 ) . Dynamic period routing for a complex real-world system: A case study in storm drain maintenance . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 8600 , 109 - 120 .

Powley EJ, Cowling PI, Whitehouse D ( 2014 ) . Information capture and reuse strategies in Monte Carlo Tree Search, with applications to games of hidden information . Artificial Intelligence vol. 217 , 92 - 116 .

Mourdjis P, Cowling P, Robinson M ( 2014 ) . Metaheuristics for the Pick-up and Delivery Problem with contracted orders . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 8600 , 170 - 181 .

Xie H, Kudenko D, Devlin S, Cowling P ( 2014 ) . Predicting Player Disengagement in Online Games . Computer Games , vol. 504 ,

Xie H, Kudenko D, Devlin S, Cowling P ( 2014 ) . Predicting player disengagement in online games . Communications in Computer and Information Science vol. 504 , 133 - 149 .

Perez D, Powley EJ, Whitehouse D, Rohlfshagen P, Samothrakis S, Cowling PI, Lucas SM ( 2014 ) . Solving the physical traveling salesman problem: Tree search and macro actions . IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games vol. 6 , ( 1 ) 31 - 45 .

Powley EJ, Whitehouse D, Cowling PI ( 2013 ) . Bandits all the way down: UCB1 as a simulation policy in Monte Carlo Tree Search . IEEE Conference on Computatonal Intelligence and Games, CIG .

Alqasrawi Y, Neagu D, Cowling PI ( 2013 ) . Fusing integrated visual vocabularies-based bag of visual words and weighted colour moments on spatial pyramid layout for natural scene image classification . Signal, Image and Video Processing vol. 7 , ( 4 ) 759 - 775 .

Bista SK, Dahal KP, Cowling PI ( 2013 ) . Evolution of Cooperation in an Incentive Based Business Game Environment .

Bista SK, Dahal KP, Cowling PI, Tuladhar BM ( 2013 ) . Metrics for Computing Trust in a Multi-Agent Environment .

Bista SK, Dahal KP, Cowling PI, Tuladhar BM ( 2013 ) . Unraveling the Evolution of Defectors in Online Business Games .

Cowling PI, Greenberg HJ, De Jong K ( 2013 ) . Artificial Intelligence . Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science ,

Whitehouse D, Cowling PI, Powley EJ, Rollason J ( 2013 ) . Integrating Monte Carlo Tree Search with knowledge-based methods to create engaging play in a commercial mobile game . Proceedings of the 9th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, AIIDE 2013 . 100 - 106 .

Powley EJ, Whitehouse D, Cowling PI ( 2013 ) . Monte Carlo Tree Search with macro-actions and heuristic route planning for the Multiobjective Physical Travelling Salesman Problem . IEEE Conference on Computatonal Intelligence and Games, CIG .

Cowling PI, Ward CD, Powley EJ ( 2012 ) . Ensemble determinization in monte carlo tree search for the imperfect information card game magic: The gathering . IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games vol. 4 , ( 4 ) 241 - 257 .

Powley EJ, Whitehouse D, Cowling PI ( 2012 ) . Monte Carlo Tree Search with macro-actions and heuristic route planning for the Physical Travelling Salesman Problem . 2012 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG 2012 . 234 - 241 .

Cowling PI, Powley EJ, Whitehouse D ( 2012 ) . Information set Monte Carlo tree search . IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games vol. 4 , ( 2 ) 120 - 143 .

Browne CB, Powley E, Whitehouse D, Lucas SM, Cowling PI, Rohlfshagen P, Tavener S, Perez D et al. ( 2012 ) . A survey of Monte Carlo tree search methods . IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games vol. 4 , ( 1 ) 1 - 43 .

Remde S, Cowling P, Dahal K, Colledge N, Selensky E ( 2012 ) . An empirical study of hyperheuristics for managing very large sets of low level heuristics . Journal of the Operational Research Society vol. 63 , ( 3 ) 392 - 405 .

Powley E, Whitehouse D, Cowling P ( 2011 ) . Determinization in Monte-Carlo tree search for the card game Dou Di Zhu . AISB 2011: AI and Games . 17 - 24 .

Whitehouse D, Powley EJ, Cowling PI ( 2011 ) . Determinization and information set Monte Carlo Tree Search for the card game Dou Di Zhu . 2011 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG 2011 . 87 - 94 .

Azzeh M, Neagu D, Cowling PI ( 2011 ) . Analogy-based software effort estimation using Fuzzy numbers . Journal of Systems and Software vol. 84 , ( 2 ) 270 - 284 .

Cowling P, Gmeinwieser C ( 2010 ) . AI for herding sheep . Proceedings of the 6th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, AIIDE 2010 . 2 - 7 .

Alqasrawi Y, Neagu D, Cowling P ( 2010 ) . Spatial pyramid local keypoints quantization for bag of visual patches image representation . Proceedings of the 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, ISDA'10 . 1270 - 1274 .

Bista SK, Dahal K, Cowling P, Bouras A ( 2010 ) . Assessing trustworthiness of nodes to enhance performance in mobile ad hoc networks . PST 2010: 2010 8th International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust . 80 - 87 .

Azzeh M, Cowling PI, Neagu D ( 2010 ) . Software stage-effort estimation based on association rule mining and Fuzzy set theory . Proceedings - 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT-2010, 7th IEEE International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems, ICESS-2010, ScalCom-2010 . 249 - 256 .

Bista SK, Dahal K, Cowling P, Tuladhar BM ( 2010 ) . Acquaintance-based trust model for the evolution of cooperation in business games . Service Oriented Computing and Applications vol. 4 , ( 3 ) 181 - 189 .

Azzeh M, Neagu D, Cowling PI ( 2010 ) . Fuzzy grey relational analysis for software effort estimation . Empirical Software Engineering vol. 15 , ( 1 ) 60 - 90 .

Cowling P, Remde S, Hartley P, Stewart W, Stock-Brooks J, Woolley T ( 2010 ) . C-Link: Concept linkage in knowledge repositories . AAAI Spring Symposium - Technical Report . vol. SS-10-07 , 32 - 37 .

Ward CD, Cowling PI ( 2009 ) . Monte carlo search applied to card selection in magic: The gathering . CIG2009 - 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games . 9 - 16 .

Romano D, Moffat D, El Rhalibi A, Narayek A, Pavia A, Ballin D, Livingstone D, Friedman D et al. ( 2009 ) . AI and Games Symposium . Adaptive and Emergent Behaviour and Complex Systems - Proceedings of the 23rd Convention of the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour, AISB 2009 . 1 - 2 .

Alqasrawi Y, Neagu D, Cowling P ( 2009 ) . Natural scene image recognition by fusing weighted colour moments with bag of visual patches on spatial pyramid layout . ISDA 2009 - 9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications . 140 - 145 .

Azzeh M, Neagu D, Cowling P ( 2009 ) . Software effort estimation based on weighted fuzzy grey relational analysis . ACM International Conference Proceeding Series .

Randall T, Cowling P, Baker R, Jiang P ( 2009 ) . Using neural networks for strategy selection in real-time strategy games . Adaptive and Emergent Behaviour and Complex Systems - Proceedings of the 23rd Convention of the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour, AISB 2009 . 27 - 34 .

Bista SK, Dahal K, Cowling P, Tuladhar BM ( 2009 ) . Evolution of cooperativeness in a business game relying on acquaintance based trustworthiness assessment . 2009 IEEE Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing, CEC 2009 . 16 - 23 .

Remde S, Dahal K, Cowling P, Colledge N ( 2009 ) . Binary exponential back off for tabu tenure in hyperheuristics . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 5482 LNCS , 109 - 120 .

Cotta C, Cowling P ( 2009 ) . Preface .

Azzeh M, Neagu D, Cowling P ( 2008 ) . Adjusting analogy software effort estimation based on fuzzy logic . ICSOFT 2008 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Software and Data Technologies . vol. SE , 127 - 132 .

Azzeh M, Neagu D, Cowling P ( 2008 ) . Improving analogy software effort estimation using fuzzy feature subset selection algorithm . Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering . 71 - 78 .

Baker RJS, Cowling PI, Randall TWG, Jiang P ( 2008 ) . Can opponent models aid poker player evolution? . 2008 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG 2008 . 23 - 30 .

Remde S, Cowling P, Dahal K, Colledge N ( 2008 ) . Evolution of fitness functions to improve heuristic performance . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 5313 LNCS , 206 - 219 .

Dahal K, Remde S, Cowling P, Colledge N ( 2008 ) . Improving metaheuristic performance by evolving a variable fitness function . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 4972 LNCS , 170 - 181 .

Chakhlevitch K, Cowling P ( 2008 ) . Hyperheuristics: Recent developments .

Azzeh M, Neagu D, Cowling P ( 2008 ) . Software project similarity measurement based on fuzzy C-means . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 5007 LNCS , 123 - 134 .

Thabtah F, Cowling P ( 2008 ) . Mining the data from a hyperheuristic approach using associative classification . Expert Systems with Applications vol. 34 , ( 2 ) 1093 - 1101 .

Bista SK, Dahal KP, Cowling PI ( 2008 ) . Evolution of cooperation in an incentive based business game environment . Global Design to Gain a Competitive Edge: An Holistic and Collaborative Design Approach Based on Computational Tools . 875 - 882 .

Baker RJS, Cowling PI ( 2007 ) . Bayesian opponent modeling in a simple poker environment . Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG 2007 . 125 - 131 .

Naveed MH, Cowling PI, Hossain MA ( 2007 ) . Hybrid evolutionary learning approaches for the virus game . Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG 2007 . 196 - 202 .

Thabtah FA, Cowling PI ( 2007 ) . A greedy classification algorithm based on association rule . Applied Soft Computing Journal vol. 7 , ( 3 ) 1102 - 1111 .

Cowling PI, Chakhlevitch K ( 2007 ) . Using a large set of low level heuristics in a hyperheuristic approach to personnel scheduling . Studies in Computational Intelligence vol. 49 , 543 - 576 .

Remde S, Cowling P, Dahal K, Colledge N ( 2007 ) . Exact/heuristic hybrids using rVNS and hyperheuristics for workforce scheduling . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 4446 LNCS , 188 - 197 .

Thabtah F, Cowling P, Hammoud S ( 2006 ) . Improving rule sorting, predictive accuracy and training time in associative classification . Expert Systems with Applications vol. 31 , ( 2 ) 414 - 426 .

Cowling P, Colledge N, Dahal K, Remde S ( 2006 ) . The trade off between diversity and quality for multi-objective workforce scheduling . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 3906 LNCS , 13 - 24 .

Cowling PI, Naveed MH, Hossain MA ( 2006 ) . A coevolutionary model for the virus game . Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG'06 . 45 - 51 .

Thabtah FA, Cowling P, Peng Y ( 2006 ) . Multiple labels associative classification . Knowledge and Information Systems vol. 9 , ( 1 ) 109 - 129 .

Thabtah F, Cowling P, Peng Y ( 2006 ) . The impact of rule ranking on the quality of associative classifiers . Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXII - Proceedings of AI 2005, the 25th SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence . 277 - 287 .

Cowling P ( 2005 ) . Board evaluation for the virus game . IEEE 2005 Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG'05 . 59 - 65 .

Thabtah F, Cowling P, Peng Y ( 2005 ) . MCAR: Multi-class Classification based on Association Rule . 3rd ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, 2005 . vol. 2005 , 127 - 133 .

Cowling PI, Keuthen R ( 2005 ) . Embedded local search approaches for routing optimization . Computers and Operations Research vol. 32 , ( 3 ) 465 - 490 .

Chakhlevitch K, Cowling P ( 2005 ) . Choosing the fittest subset of low level heuristics in a hyperheuristic framework . Lecture Notes in Computer Science . vol. 3448 , 23 - 33 .

Thabtah FA, Cowling P, Peng Y ( 2004 ) . MMAC: A new multi-class, multi-label associative classification approach . Proceedings - Fourth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, ICDM 2004 . 217 - 224 .

Han L, Kendall G, Cowling P ( 2004 ) . AN ADAPTIVE LENGTH CHROMOSOME HYPER-HEURISTIC GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR A TRAINER SCHEDULING PROBLEM . Recent Advances in Simulated Evolution and Learning , vol. 2 ,

Ouelhadj D, Petrovic S, Cowling PI, Meisels A ( 2004 ) . Inter-agent cooperation and communication for agent-based robust dynamic scheduling in steel production . Advanced Engineering Informatics vol. 18 , ( 3 ) 161 - 172 .

Cowling PI, Ouelhadj D, Petrovic S ( 2004 ) . Dynamic scheduling of steel casting and milling using multi-agents . Production Planning and Control vol. 15 , ( 2 ) 178 - 188 .

Ouelhadj D, Cowling PI, Petrovic S ( 2003 ) . Utility and stability measures for agent-based dynamic scheduling of steel continuous casting . Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation . vol. 1 , 175 - 180 .

Cowling PI, Ouelhadj D, Petrovic S ( 2003 ) . A multi-agent architecture for dynamic scheduling of steel hot rolling . Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing vol. 14 , ( 5 ) 457 - 470 .

Cowling P ( 2003 ) . A flexible decision support system for steel hot rolling mill scheduling . Computers and Industrial Engineering . vol. 45 , 307 - 321 .

Ouelhadj D, Cowling PI, Petrovic S ( 2003 ) . Contract Net Protocol for Cooperative Optimisation and Dynamic Scheduling of Steel Production . Intelligent Systems Design and Applications ,

Cowling P, Chakhlevitch K ( 2003 ) . Hyperheuristics for managing a large collection of low level heuristics to schedule personnel . 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2003 - Proceedings . vol. 2 , 1214 - 1221 .

Cowling P, Johansson M ( 2002 ) . Using real time information for effective dynamic scheduling . European Journal of Operational Research vol. 139 , ( 2 ) 230 - 244 .

Cowling P, Kendall G, Han L ( 2002 ) . An investigation of a hyperheuristic genetic algorithm applied to a trainer scheduling problem . Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2002 . vol. 2 , 1185 - 1190 .

Cowling P ( 2002 ) . Book and Software Reviews . Journal of Scheduling vol. 5 , ( 1 ) 93 - 93 .

Cowling P, Kendall G, Soubeiga E ( 2002 ) . Hyperheuristics: A robust optimisation method applied to nurse scheduling . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 2439 , 851 - 860 .

Cowling P, Kendall G, Soubeiga E ( 2002 ) . Hyperheuristics: A tool for rapid prototyping in scheduling and optimisation . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 2279 LNCS , 1 - 10 .

Cheng PCH, Barone R, Cowling PI, Ahmadi S ( 2002 ) . Opening the information bottleneck in complex scheduling problems with a novel representation: STARK diagrams . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 2317 , 264 - 278 .

Ayob M, Cowling P, Kendall G ( 2002 ) . Optimisation for surface mount placement machines . Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology . vol. 1 , 498 - 503 .

Burke E, Cowling P, De Causmaecker P, Berghe GV ( 2001 ) . A memetic approach to the nurse rostering problem . Applied Intelligence vol. 15 , ( 3 ) 199 - 214 .

Cowling P, Kendall G, Soubeiga E ( 2001 ) . A hyperheuristic approach to scheduling a sales summit . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 2079 LNCS , 176 - 190 .

Cowling P ( 2001 ) . Book and Software Reviews . Journal of Scheduling vol. 4 , ( 1 ) 65 - 65 .

Burke EK, Cowling PI, Keuthen R ( 2001 ) . Effective local and guided variable neighbourhood search methods for the asymmetric travelling salesman problem . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 2037 , 203 - 212 .

Burke EK, Cowling P, Landa Silva JD ( 2001 ) . Hybrid population-based metaheuristic approaches for the space allocation problem . Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, ICEC . vol. 1 , 232 - 239 .

Burke EK, Cowling P, Landa Silva JD, McCollum B ( 2001 ) . Three methods to automate the space allocation process in UK universities . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . vol. 2079 LNCS , 254 - 273 .

Johansson M, MacCarthy B, Cowling P ( 2000 ) . Synchronous supply . Manufacturing Engineer vol. 79 , ( 1 ) 36 - 40 .

Burke EK, Cowling PI, Keuthen R ( 2000 ) . Effective heuristic and metaheuristic approaches to optimize component placement in printed circuit board assembly . Proceedings of the 2000 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2000 . vol. 1 , 301 - 308 .

Cowling P, Rezig W ( 2000 ) . Integration of continuous caster and hot strip mill planning for steel production . Journal of Scheduling vol. 3 , ( 4 ) 185 - 208 .

Burke EK, Cowling PI, Keuthen R ( 1999 ) . New models and heuristics for component placement in printed circuit board assembly . Proceedings - 1999 International Conference on Information Intelligence and Systems, ICIIS 1999 . 133 - 140 .

Cowling P ( 1997 ) . The total graph of a hypergraph . Discrete Mathematics vol. 167-168 , 215 - 236 .

Cowling P, Maffioli F ( 1995 ) . A bound for the symmetric travelling salesman problem through matroid formulation . European Journal of Operational Research vol. 83 , ( 2 ) 301 - 309 .

Bjorndal MH, Caprara A, Cowling PI, Della Croce F, Lourenço H, Malucelli F, Orman AJ, Pisinger D et al. ( 1995 ) . Some thoughts on combinatorial optimisation . European Journal of Operational Research vol. 83 , ( 2 ) 253 - 270 .

Cowling P ( 1995 ) . Strong total chromatic numbers of complete hypergraphs . Discrete Mathematics vol. 138 , ( 1-3 ) 207 - 212 .

Baccus F, Cowling P, Vaessen N, Van Nerom L ( 1995 ) . Optimal rolling mill planning at Usines Gustave Boel . Steel Times vol. 223 , ( 3 )